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يوهان فريدرش غملن

"يوهان گملن" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة عالم الطبيعيات والنبات والجغرافيا الألماني، انظر يوهان گيورگ گملن.

يوهان فريدرش غملين/گملن Johann Friedrich Gmelin ‏(8 أغسطس 1748 – 1 نوفمبر 1804) كان عالم طبيعيات وكيمياء ونبات وحشرات وأعشاب و رخويات ألماني.

يوهان فريدرش گملِن
J. F. Gmelin
Johann Friedrich Gmelin.jpg
وُلِدَ(1748-08-08)8 أغسطس 1748
توبنگن, الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة
توفي1 نوفمبر 1804(1804-11-01) (aged 56)
گوتنگن، ناخبية برونزويك-لونبورگ
الجنسيةألماني
المدرسة الأمجامعة گوتنگن
اللقبكتب مدرسية في الكيمياء وعلم الصيدلة وعلم المعادن وعلم النبات
الزوجروزينه لويزه شوت (1755 - 1828)
الوالد(ان)
الأقاربليوپولد گملن (ابن)
السيرة العلمية
المجالاتطبيعيات وكيمياء ونبات وحشرات وأعشاب و رخويات
الهيئاتجامعة گوتنگن
جامعة توبنگن
أطروحةلاتينية: Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam
المشرف على الدكتوراهPhilipp Friedrich Gmelin
Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger
طلاب الدكتوراهGeorg Friedrich Hildebrandt
Friedrich Stromeyer
Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer
Wilhelm August Lampadius
Vasily Severgin
أثـَّر عليهكارل لينايوس
Author abbrev. (botany)J.F.Gmel.
Author abbrev. (zoology)Gmelin
التوقيع
Signatur Johann Friedrich Gmelin.PNG

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التعليم

وُلِد يوهان فريدرش غملن أول أبناء Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen. He studied medicine under his father[1] at University of Tübingen and graduated with a Master's degree in 1768, with a thesis entitled: Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam, defended under the presidency of Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger,[2] whom he thanks with the words Patrono et praeceptore in aeternum pie devenerando, pro summis in medicina obtinendis honoribus.


السيرة

In 1769, Gmelin became an adjunct professor of medicine at University of Tübingen. In 1773, he became professor of philosophy and adjunct professor of medicine at University of Göttingen. He was promoted to full professor of medicine and professor of chemistry, botany, and mineralogy in 1778. He died in 1804 in Göttingen.

Johann Friedrich Gmelin when young became an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus, probably when Linnaeus was working in the Netherlands, and undertook a plant-collecting expedition to "Persia" on his behalf.[3][4] Later in life he published several textbooks in the fields of chemistry, pharmaceutical science, mineralogy, and botany. He also edited and published the posthumous 13th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus from 1788 to 1793. This contained descriptions and scientific names of many new species, including birds that had earlier been catalogued without a scientific name by John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. Gmelin's publication is cited as the authority for over 290 bird species[5] and also a number of butterfly species.[6]

 
قبر يوهان فريدرش گملن وزوجته روزينه لويزه شوت، گوتنگن، مقبرة ألباني (تشلتن‌هام‌پارك)

الذكرى

Among his students were Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt, Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer, Friedrich Stromeyer, and Wilhelm August Lampadius. وهو والد ليوپولد گملن.

He described the redfin pickerel in 1789. In the scientific field of herpetology, he described many new species of amphibians and reptiles.[7] In the field of malacology, he described and named many species of gastropods.

جنس النبات گملينا Gmelina أطلقه لينايوس تكريماً لگملن.

J.F.Gmel. هو المختصر الرسمي لاسم عالم النبات Gmelin, Johann Friedrich المستعمل في التسميات العلمية اللاتينية للنباتات.

The abbreviation "Gmel." is also found.[8]

المنشورات

  • Gmelin, Johann Friedrich; Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger (1768). Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam. Thesis Tübingen. OCLC 10717434.
  • Allgemeine Geschichte der Gifte, 2 Vol., 1776/77 Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
  • Allgemeine Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 1777
  • Allgemeine Geschichte der mineralischen Gifte. Nürnberg: Raspe, 1777. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
  • Johann Friedrich Gmelins ... Einleitung in die Chemie zum Gebrauch auf Universitäten. Nürnberg: Raspe, 1780. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
  • Einleitung in die Pharmacie. Nürnberg: Raspe, 1781. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
  • Beyträge zur Geschichte des teutschen Bergbaus, 1783
  • Über die neuere Entdeckungen in der Lehre von der Luft, und deren Anwendung auf Arzneikunst, in Briefen an einen Arzt, von J. F. Gmelin, 1784
  • Grundsätze der technischen Chemie, 1786
  • Caroli a Linné, equitis aurati de stella polari, … Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, Lipsiae [Leipzig], Georg Emanuel Beer, 1788–1793
  • Grundriß der Pharmazie, 1792
  • Apparatus Medicaminum tam simplicium quam praeparatorum et compositorum in Praxeos Adiumentum consideratus, Ps. 2, T. 1 – Ps. 2, T. 2., 1795–1796. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
  • Geschichte der Chemie, 1799
  • Allgemeine Geschichte der thierischen und mineralischen Gifte, 1806

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ Mainz, Vera V.; Gregory S. Girolami (1998). "Genealogy Database Entry: Gmelin, Johann Friedrich" (PDF). School of Chemical Sciences Web Genealogy. University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  2. ^ "'Irritabilitas vegetabilium in singulis plantarum partibus explorata, ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam publice proponet' - Viewer | MDZ". www.digitale-sammlungen.de.
  3. ^ Joseph Kastner, A world of naturalists, 1977, Alfred A Knopf, New York; page 35.
  4. ^ Wilfrid Blunt, 1971 The Compleat Naturalist. A life of Linnaeus, Collins, London; page 190
  5. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "IOC World Bird List Version 5.4". International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  6. ^ Vane-Wright, R. I., 1975. The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 32: 17–64.pdf
  7. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  8. ^ See for instance: Audubon, John James (1831) – Ornithological Biography : Volume 1, p. 232. Online available at wikisource.
  • Vane-Wright, R. I., 1975. The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History),Entomology, 32: 17–64.pdf

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