وشنة
الوشنة Viburnum lantana، هي شجيرة توجد بصفة خاصة في الغابات الجبلية في وسط وجنوب وغرب أوروپا (شمالاً حتى يوركشر في إنگلترة) وشمال غرب أفريقيا وجنوب غرب آسيا.[1][2][3] الأكمة الأوروبية النفضية بقوة الشبيهة بالشجر يشيع انتشارها على جانبي الطرق. وثمراتها حبات ذات لون أسود ، ولها مذاق شديد الحلاوة ، وتنضج في شهر سبتمبر.
| الوشنة Viburnum lantana | |
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| Species: | V. lantana
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| Viburnum lantana | |
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الوصف
It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 4–5 m (13–16 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, simple oval to lanceolate, 6–13 cm (2.4–5.1 in) Long and 4–9 cm (1.6–3.5 in) broad, with a finely serrated margin; they are densely downy on the underside, less so on the upper surface. The hermaphrodite flowers are small, around 5 mm (0.20 in), and creamy-white, produced in dense cymes 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) width at the top of the stems; they are produced in early summer, and pollinated by insects. The fruit is an oblong drupe 8 mm (0.31 in) long, green at first, turning red, then finally black at full maturity, and contains a single seed. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the fruit, then deposit the seeds in another location in their droppings.[2][3]
An older name for the plant is hoarwithy. "Hoar" means grey-haired and refers to the hairs under the leaves, and "withy" means a pliant stem.[4]
الاستزراع والاستخدامات
It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers and berries, growing best on alkaline soils. A number of cultivars have been selected, including 'Aureum', with yellow leaves in spring.[3]
The fruit is of low to zero toxicity, but may cause vomiting or diarrhea if consumed unripe or in large quantities.[5]
المصادر
- ^ Flora Europaea: Viburnum lantana
- ^ أ ب Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
- ^ أ ب ت Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
- ^ Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of Britain p.87.
- ^ Plants for a Future: Viburnum lantana
