نورمان بورلاوگ

نورمان إرنست بورلاوگ Norman Ernest Borlaug (عاش 25 مارس 1914 - 12 سبتمبر 2009) هو مهندس زراعي أمريكي ولد في 1914. يعتبر أبو الثورة الخضراء. قام بعدة أبحاث من أجل مركز تحسين محصول الذرة والقمح. حصل على جائزة نوبل للسلام سنة 1970.

نورمان بورلاوگ Dr. Norman Borlaug
Borlaug speaking at the Ministerial Methodist Conference and Expo on Agricultural Science and Technology in June 2003
وُلِدَ	(1914-03-25)مارس 25, 1914 Cresco, أيوا
توفي	سبتمبر 12, 2009(2009-09-12) (aged 95) دلاس، تكساس
الجنسية	American
الجنسية	الولايات المتحدة
المدرسة الأم	University of Minnesota
اللقب	His role in the Green Revolution, helping develop semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties, and as a founder of the World Food Prize
الجوائز	Nobel Peace Prize (1970) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977) Public Welfare Medal (2002) National Medal of Science (2004) Congressional Gold Medal (2006)
السيرة العلمية
المجالات	Agronomy
الهيئات	DuPont Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program (Mexico) International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texas A&M University

وقد ساهمت "الثورة الخضراء" في مضاعفة الإنتاج الزراعي بين 1960 و 1990 ، واستفادت منها آسيا وإفريقيا وأمريكا اللاتينية على وجه الخصوص.

وقالت مؤسسة نوبل التي منحته الجائزة إنه ساهم في إنقاذ حياة مئات الملايين.

وكان بورلوج قد اكتشف في الستينيات من القرن الماضي أن إنتاج نوعيات من القمح بساق أقصر سوف يوفر الطاقة التي تستغل في إنتاج سنابل أكبر.

وقد تم إنتاج تلك النوعيات من القمح عالية الإنتاج في أمريكا اللاتينية وآسيا حيث كانت الشعوب تعاني من المجاعة. ويرى محللون أن الثورة الخضراء حالت دون حدوث مجاعة عالمية في القرن العشرين.

وورد في تقديم لجنة نوبل التي منحته الجائزة أن "بروفيسور بورلوگ ساهم أكثر من أي شخص آخر في توفير الخبز لعالم جائع".

وأنشأ بورلاوگ "مركز الحنطة والذرة" عام 1963 وحصل على عدة جوائز منها ميدالية الكونجرس الذهبية عام 2007.

Wheat is the third most produced cereal crop

Locations of Borlaug's research stations, at Yaqui Valley and Chapingo

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 التوسع إلى جنوب آسيا: الثورة الخضراء

للمزيد من المعلومات: [[:Green Revolution and Green Revolution in India]]

Wheat yields in Mexico, India, and Pakistan, 1950 to 2004. Baseline is 500 kg/ha

Wheat yields in developing countries, 1950 to 2004, kg/HA baseline 500

 الانتاج في أفريقيا

Nigerian exchange students meet Norman Borlaug (third from right) at the World Food seminar, 2003

 التكريم والاعتراف بفضله

President George W. Bush along with House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi congratulate Borlaug during the Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony on July 17, 2007

 انظر أيضاً

• Borlaug Dialogue — The Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium

 وصلات خارجية

 Videos and speeches

• Lecture, Nobel Centennial Symposia. 2001 December 6. RealMedia. 00:11:34.
• Lecture, The Famous Purdue Ag Fish Fry. 2003 February 8. MS Media. 02:21:02.
• 30th Anniversary Nobel Lecture. The Green Revolution Revisited and the Road Ahead. 2000. Transcript. PDF.
• "Borlaug on Need for Increasing Food Supply". Archived from the original on 2007-07-02.. 2000. Transcript.
• Dedication lecture, Delaware Biotechnology Institute. Feeding the World in the 21st century—The Role of New Science and Technology. 2001 April 26. RealMedia. 00:47:42.
• The Story of Norman Borlaug: 60 Years Fighting Hunger. 2003 July 10. RealMedia. 01:29:02.
• Discussion, Beahrs Environmental Leadership Program. 2004 January 5-9. University of California, Berkeley. Text.
• ECON100A Lecture, University of California, Berkeley. 2004 Spring. RealMedia. 01:29:02.
• Commencement address, University of Minnesota. 2004 May. CD track.
• CEI Prometheus award acceptance speech. 2004 May 19. MS Media. 00:10:57.
• Inaugural address, 1st World Congress of Agroforestry. 2004 June 27. Orlando, Florida, USA. RealMedia. 01:06:34.
• Keynote speech, USDA Agricultural Outlook Forum. 2005 February 24. Arlington, Virginia, USA. MS Media. 35 minutes.
• Radio interview by Penn Jillette. 2006 August 9. MP3 format. 00:43:27.
• Borlaug's York Lecture at American Society of Agronomy Annual Meetings. Challenges for the Crop Scientist in the 21st Century. 2007. Windows Media and Quicktime
• Nobel Laureate Borlaug on Why Famines Still Exist - Wall Street Journal - September 14, 2009

 Organizations and programs

• Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture - Texas A&M University System
• The Borlaug Center for Southern Crop Improvement - Texas A&M University System
• Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellows Program

 Interview

• Farmers Can Feed the World: Better seeds and fertilizers, not romantic myths, will let them do it by Norman Borlaug - Wall Street Journal - July 30, 2009

 High Praise

• He saved a billion lives - The Washington Times
• A man for all seasons - The Washington Times
• Still feeding the world - The Washington Times

 Obituaries and other

• Obituary, New York Times
• Editorials: "On the shoulders of giants" and "Learning from the plants" Rice Today, Vol. 8, No.4., October–December 2009.
• A tribute to Norman Borlaug (1914-2009): Passion, persistence and persuasion By Robert W. Herdt, Rice Today, Vol. 8, No.4., October–December 2009.
• Tribute to the Father of the Green Revolution Rice Today, Vol. 8, No. 4, pages 4, 6, 32-34.
• Obituary in Science
• Norman Borlaug - Daily Telegraph obituary
• "The man who fed the world", memorial at Wall Street Journal
• Obituary, Reason's Hit & Run
• The Life and Work of Norman Borlaug, Nobel Laureate
• "Biotechnology and the Green Revolution", interview from November 2002
• Norman Borlaug: The Legend (agbioworld.com)
• Journal articles by Borlaug on PubMed
• List of Norman Borlaug articles and interviews
• "Billions Served", an interview in Reason by Ronald Bailey.
• "Stem Rust Never Sleeps" New York Times article by him on current epidemic affecting the world’s wheat crops and, potentially, food supply
• The Man Who Defused the 'Population Bomb' by Gregg Easterbrook - Opinionjournal.com - September 16, 2009
• Father of 'Green Revolution' Dies by Scott Kilman and Roger Thurow - Wall Street Journal - September 13, 2009
• Notable & Quotable: The late Norman Borlaug on civilization and agricultural production - Opinionjournal.com - September 13, 2009
• Borlaug: Not by bread alone
• Breakpoint commentary and tribute on his life's work
• Borlaug papers 1941-1997 Research source in the special manuscript collection at Iowa State University. Includes materials by colleagues Glen Anderson, Oddvar Aresvik, P. Bronzi, Dr. Keith Finlay, Dr. Charles Krull, Dr. W. McCuiston, Dr. Albert H. Moseman, Dr. Ignacio Narvaez, Evangelina Villegas, G. Spoelberch and Dr. Frank Zilinsky.