مجلس پورڤو
مجلس پورڤو (بالفنلندية Porvoon maapäivät ثم Porvoon valtiopäivät) ، وكان في المجلس التشريعي لدوقية فنلندا الكبرى بين عامي 1809 و 1906 وريثا لصلاحيات ريكسداگ الطبقات السويدي.
أثناء الحرب الفنلندية بين السويد و روسيا، the four Estates of Russian occupied Finland (Nobility, Clergy, Burghers and Peasants) were assembled at پورڤو (Borgå) by القيصر ألكسندر الأول، the new Grand Prince of Finland, between March 25 and July 19, 1809. The central event at Porvoo was the sovereign pledge and the oaths of the Estates in Porvoo Cathedral on March 29. Each of the Estates swore their oaths of allegiance, committing themselves to accepting the Emperor as Grand Prince of Finland as the true authority, and to keeping the constitution and the form of government unchanged. Alexander I subsequently promised to govern Finland in accordance with its laws. This was thought to essentially mean that the emperor confirmed the Swedish Instrument of Government from 1772 as the constitution of Finland, although it was also interpreted to mean respecting the existing codes and statutes. The diet had required that it would be convened again after the Finnish War, which separated Finland from Sweden, had been concluded. On September 17 of the same year, the conflict was settled by the معاهدة فردريكس‌هامن, but it would be another five decades until the Finnish Estates would be called again.
During the rise of Finnish nationalism later in the 19th century, it was claimed that the Diet implied that a Treaty between States had been signed at the Diet between Finland and Russia. According to Emeritus Professor Jussila of Helsinki University, it is true that Alexander said that Finland had been raised to the status of a nation among nations, but the claim of a معاهدة بين متساوين was simply a device invented for the political realities of the struggle for independence.
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قائمة المشاركين في مجلس پورڤو
Diet had participants from different estates as follows:[1]
- Nobility 75 representatives, chairman lantmarskalk count Robert Wilhelm De Geer.
- Clergy 8 representatives, chairman bishop of Turku Jakob Tengström
- Burghers 20 representatives, chairman merchant Kristian Trapp, Turku
- Peasants 31 representatives, chairman Pehr Klockars Uusikaarlepyy
Out of 205 noble families 130 were not represented in the diet, and 60 of the representatives did not attend the opening ceremony. The burghers were mainly represented by merchants.[2]
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "Porvoon valtiopäivärakennukset 200 vuotta sitten ja nykyään". Porvoo (in الفنلندية). Porvoo city. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
- ^ "Members of the Estates". 1809 - building a nation. Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
وصلات خارجية
- History of the Finnish Parliament - Official site
- Kejsarens tal vid lantdagens avslutande den 19 juli 1809 - in Swedish at Wikisource (Originally in French)