المعرفة

كلية حقوق هارڤرد

كلية حقوق هارڤرد (وتعرف أيضا بحقوق هارڤرد) ، هي إحدى كليات جامعة هارڤرد. تقع في كمبردج، ماساتشوستس، وهي أقدم كلية حقوق مستمرة في الولايات المتحدة. وتحتوي على أكبر مكتبة قانون أكاديمية في العالم.[6] وجامعة هارڤرد هي واحدة من أفضل ثلاث كليات حقوق في الولايات المتحدة.[7][8]

كلية حقوق هارڤرد
Harvard Law School shield 2021.svg
Coat of arms
الشعارVeritas (Truth)[1]
Lex et Iustitia (Law and justice)
تأسست1817; 207 years ago (1817
نوع الكليةخاصة
الوقفUS$1.7 billion
العميدJohn F. Manning
الموقعكمبردج، مساتشوستس، أمريكا
عدد المسجلين1,990 (2019)[2]
طاقم التدريس135[3]
ترتيب USNWR5th (2023)[4]
معدل اجتياز البار99.4% (2021)[5]
الموقع الإلكترونيhls.harvard.edu
ABA profileStandard 509 Report
Harvard Law School Wordmark.svg

Each class in the three-year JD program has approximately 560 students—among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States.[9] The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, who take most first-year classes together. Aside from the JD program, Harvard also awards both LLM and SJD degrees. Harvard's uniquely large class size and prestige have led the law school to graduate a distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government, and the business world.

According to Harvard Law's 2020 ABA-required disclosures, 99% of 2019 graduates passed the bar exam.[10][11][12] The school's graduates accounted for more than one-quarter of all Supreme Court clerks between 2000 and 2010, more than any other law school in the United States.[13]

Harvard Law School's founding is traditionally linked to the funding of Harvard's first professorship in law, paid for from a bequest from the estate of Isaac Royall Jr., a colonial American landowner and slaveowner. HLS is home to the world's largest academic law library.[14][15] The school has an estimated 115 full-time faculty members.[3]

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التاريخ

وصية آيزاك رويال، المؤسس، وعلاقته بتجارة الرقيق

Harvard Law School's founding is traced to the establishment of a 'law department' at Harvard in 1817.[16] Dating the founding to the year of the creation of the law department makes Harvard Law School the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States. William & Mary Law School opened first in 1779, but it closed due to the American Civil War, reopening in 1920.[17] The University of Maryland School of Law was chartered in 1816 but did not begin classes until 1824, and it also closed during the Civil War.[18]

 
پورتريه آيزاك رويال، الابن، مرسوم في 1769 بريشة ج.س. كوپلي

The founding of the law department came two years after the establishment of Harvard's first endowed professorship in law, funded by a bequest from the estate of wealthy slave-owner Isaac Royall Jr., in 1817.[16] Royall left roughly 1,000 acres of land in Massachusetts to Harvard when he died in exile in Nova Scotia, where he fled to as a Loyalist during the American Revolution, in 1781, "to be appropriated towards the endowing a Professor of Laws ... or a Professor of Physick and Anatomy, whichever the said overseers and Corporation [of the college] shall judge to be best."[16] The value of the land, when fully liquidated in 1809, was $2,938; the Harvard Corporation allocated $400 from the income generated by those funds to create the Royall Professorship of Law in 1815.[16] The Royalls were so involved in the slave trade, that "the labor of slaves underwrote the teaching of law in Cambridge."[19] The dean of the law school traditionally held the Royall chair; deans Elena Kagan and Martha Minow declined the Royall chair due to its origins in the proceeds of slavery.


تكاليف الدراسة

The cost of tuition for the 2022-2023 school year (9 month term) is $72,430. A Mandatory HUHS Student Health Fee is $1,304, bringing the total direct costs for the 2022-2023 school year to $73,734.[20]

The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Harvard Law for the 2021–2022 academic year is $104,200.[21]

الدرع

 
درع كلية حقوق هارفرد الذي تقاعد في 2016.

The governing body of the university voted to retire the law school's coat of arms. The school's shield incorporated the three garbs of wheat from the armorial bearings of Isaac Royall Jr., a university benefactor who had endowed the first professorship in the law school. The shield had become a source of contention among a group of law school students, who objected to the Royall family's history of slave ownership.[22][23]

الجمعيات والدوريات الطلابية

Harvard Law School has more than 90 student organizations that are active on campus.[24] These organizations include the student-edited journals, Harvard Law Record, and the HLS Drama Society, which organizes the annual Harvard Law School Parody, the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau as well as other political, social, service, and athletic groups.

HLS Student Government is the primary governing, advocacy, and representative body for Law School students. In addition, students are represented at the university level by the Harvard Graduate Council.

Harvard Law Review

Students of the Juris Doctor (JD) program are involved in preparing and publishing the Harvard Law Review, one of the most highly cited university law reviews, as well as a number of other law journals and an independent student newspaper. The Harvard Law Review was first published in 1887 and has been staffed and edited by some of the school's most notable alumni.[25]


أشهر الخريجين

المقالة الرئيسية: قائمة خريجي حقوق هارڤرد

أستاذة مشهورون

صور المباني

  • مبنى عريضة

  • مبنى أوستن

  • مبنى جريسوالد

  • مبنى هاوزر

  • مبنى لانجدل

  • مبنى پاوند

  • مبنى واسرستين

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Veritas appears on Harvard University's shield. Heraldically speaking, however, a 'motto' is a word or phrase displayed on a scroll in conjunction with a shield of arms. Since 1692 (Archived يناير 2, 2017 at the Wayback Machine), the university seals have borne Christo et Ecclesiae (Latin for 'Christ and the Church') in this manner, arguably making that phrase the university's motto in a heraldic sense. This phrase is otherwise not in general use today.
  2. ^ "About". Harvard Law School. Harvard University. Archived from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  3. ^ أ ب "Harvard Law School". Hls.harvard.edu. Retrieved May 1, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Harvard University".
  5. ^ Sloan, Karen. "Harvard, NYU Law are tops for first-time bar exam pass rates". April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 03, 2023.
  6. ^ http://www.law.harvard.edu/about/, http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla67/visit-e.htm
  7. ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (March 8, 2011). "The Best Law Schools For Getting Rich". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  8. ^ Bennett, Drake (October 19, 2008). "Crimson tide". Boston.com. Boston Globe. Archived from the original on February 20, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  9. ^ "Best Law Schools". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on July 13, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  10. ^ "Harvard Law School – 2015 Standard 509 Information Report" (PDF). Harvard Law School. Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  11. ^ Rubino, Kathryn. "Bar Passage Rates For First-time Test Takers Soars!". February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  12. ^ "Bar Passage Outcomes". American Bar Association. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  13. ^ "Brian Leiter Law School Supreme Court Clerkship Placement, 2000-2010". www.leiterrankings.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.. However, because of its greater size, approximately 2.5 times that of Yale, Harvard had a greater total number of Supreme Court while Yale has a significantly higher per-capita placement of clerks on the Court. Id.
  14. ^ "About". Harvard Law School. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  15. ^ "The Harvard Law School Library". Library Tours. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  16. ^ أ ب ت ث "Recommendation to the President and Fellows of Harvard College on the Shield Approved for the Law School" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 22, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  17. ^ "Quick Facts: W&M Law School". Marshall-Wythe School of Law. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2007.
  18. ^ "The University of Maryland School of Law: Our History and Mission". The University of Maryland School of Law. Archived from the original on July 2, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  19. ^ Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar (2011). "Harvard and Slavery: Seeking a Forgotten History" (PDF). Harvard University. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  20. ^ School, Harvard Law. "Cost of Attendance". Harvard Law School (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  21. ^ "Harvard Law School". LSData. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2022. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; يوليو 1, 2022 suggested (help)
  22. ^ Harvard Law School to ditch controversial shield Archived أبريل 20, 2016 at the Wayback Machine Steve Annear. Boston Globe. March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  23. ^ The Harvard Law shield tied to slavery is already disappearing, after corporation vote Archived أبريل 21, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Susan Svrluga. Washington Post. March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  24. ^ "Student Organizations and Journals". Hls.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
  25. ^ "The Harvard Law Review — Glimpses of Its History as Seen by an Aficionado – The Harvard Law Review — Glimpses of Its History as Seen by an Aficionado". Harvardlawreview.org. January 17, 1987. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2015.


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قراءات إضافية

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Law schools of new england

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