قالب:Periodic table (list of metalloid lists)
Citations as metalloid by element | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element | Arsenic | Tellurium | Germanium | Silicon | Antimony | Boron | Polonium | Astatine | Selenium | Aluminium | Carbon | Bismuth | Phosphorus | Beryllium | Tin | Sulfur | Livermorium | Iodine | Other | Total | |
As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Se | Al | C | Bi | P | Be | Sn | S | Lv | I | avg | |||
Citations (194 = 100%) |
191.5 | 190.5 | 184.5 | 183.5 | 169.5 | 166 | 94.5 | 77 | 46 | 18 | 16.5 | 11.5 | 10 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 6 | 7.15 | |
99% | 98% | 95% | 95% | 87% | 86% | 49% | 40% | 24% | 9.3% | 8.5% | 5.9% | 5.2% | 3.9% | 2.8% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.3% | 3.1% | |||
Source | Yr | ||||||||||||||||||||
Simmons[1] | 1947 | As | Te | Sb | Se | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Pauling[2] | 1949 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Szabó & Lakatos[3] | 1954 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | Be | 10 | |||||||||
Dull, Metcalfe & Williams[4] | 1958 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | 9 | ||||||||||
Frey[5] | 1958 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Johnstone & Miller[6] | 1960 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | C | P | 9 | ||||||||||
Edwards et al.[7] | 1961 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | I | 8 | |||||||||||
Bond[8] | 1962 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Swift & Schaefer[9] | 1962 | As | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Bi | 6 | |||||||||||||
Hoffman[10] | 1963 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Be | 7 | ||||||||||||
Nathans[11] | 1963 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Bailar, Moeller & Kleinberg[12] | 1965 | As | Te | Ge | Se | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Selwood[13] | 1965 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | Bi | Sn | Ga | 12 | |||||||
Bassett et al.[14] | 1966 | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Al | Be | 8 | |||||||||||
Hultgren[15] | 1966 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Se | C | 7 | ||||||||||||
Metcalfe, Williams & Castka[16] | 1966 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | (Al) | 7.5 | |||||||||||
Rochow[17] | 1966 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | (Po) | (At) | (Se) | (C) | (Bi) | (P) | 9 | |||||||
Mahan[18] | 1967 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Paul, King & Farinholt[19] | 1967 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Se | 6 | |||||||||||||
Siebring[20] | 1967 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Al | 8 | |||||||||||
Cotton & Lynch[21] | 1968 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | Se | C | 9 | ||||||||||
Dunstan[22] | 1968 | As | Te | (Ge) | Sb | Po | Al | Bi | Be | Sn | Pb | 7.5 | |||||||||
Tyrell & Warren[23] | 1968 | As | Te | (Ge) | Si | (Sb) | B | (Po) | At | (Se) | (Al) | (C) | (P) | (I) | 9.5 | ||||||
Williams, Embree & DeBey[24] | 1968 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Al | 8 | |||||||||||
Chedd[25] | 1969 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Hägg[26] | 1969 | As | Te | Ge | Sb | At | Sn | 6 | |||||||||||||
Holum[27] | 1969 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | 9 | ||||||||||
Hunter[28] | 1969 | As | Te | Si | Sb | Se | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Moody[29] | 1969 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | Be | 10 | |||||||||
Dickerson, Gray & Haight[30] | 1970 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Hardwick & Knobler[31] | 1970 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Williams, Embree & DeBay[32] | 1970 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Al | Be | 9 | ||||||||||
Dickson[33] | 1971 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | 6 | |||||||||||||
Emsley[34] | 1971 | As | Te | Ge | Sb | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Nitz & Dhonau[35] | 1971 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Pimentel & Spratley[36] | 1971 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | (Po) | (At) | Se | C | 9 | |||||||||
Barrow[37] | 1972 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Choppin & Johnsen[38] | 1972 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Horvath[39] | 1973 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Pascoe[40] | 1973 | Te | Ge | Si | B | At | Se | C | P | 8 | |||||||||||
Seager & Stoker[41] | 1973 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | Be | 10 | |||||||||
Allen & Keefer[42] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | Se | 8 | |||||||||||
Andrews[43] | 1974 | As | Te | Si | B | At | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Day & Johnson[44] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Dickson[45] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Duffy[46] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Sb | Se | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Fuller[47] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | Se | C | 7 | ||||||||||||
Nordmann[48] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | Po | At | Se | 8 | |||||||||||
O'Connor[49] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Rock & Gerhold[50] | 1974 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Pauling & Pauling[51] | 1975 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Hearst & Ifft[52] | 1976 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Tyler Miller[53] | 1976 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | H | 10 | |||||||||
Waser, Trueblood & Knobler[54] | 1976 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Bloomfield[55] | 1977 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | 9 | ||||||||||
Ucko[56] | 1977 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | 9 | ||||||||||
Hill & Holman[57] | 1978 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | (C) | 5.5 | |||||||||||||
Coxon, Fergusson & Phillips[58] | 1980 | As | Te | Ge | Si | (Sb) | B | At | (Be) | 7 | |||||||||||
Warrena & Geballe[59] | 1981 | As | Te | Si | B | At | Se | C | P | S | 9 | ||||||||||
Walters[60] | 1982 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Edwards & Sienko[61] | 1983 | As | Te | Ge | Sb | Po | (At) | 5.5 | |||||||||||||
Holtzclaw, Robinson & Nebergall[62] | 1984 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Boikess & Edelson[63] | 1985 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Peters[64] | 1986 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Hibbert & James[65] | 1987 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | Bi | 7 | ||||||||||||
Jones et al.[66] | 1987 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
McQuarrie & Rock[67] | 1987 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Wulfsberg[68] | 1987 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Thayer[69] | 1988 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | P | 6 | |||||||||||||
Whitten, Gailey & Davis[70] | 1988 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | 9 | ||||||||||
Bailar et al.[71] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Gill[72] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Malone[73] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Petrucci[74] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Puddephatt & Monaghan[75] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Scott[76] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Segal[77] | 1989 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Oxtoby, Nachtrieb & Freeman[78] | 1990 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Atkins & Beran[79] | 1990 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | 6 | |||||||||||||
Ebbing & Wrighton[80] | 1993 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Zumdahl[81] | 1993 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Birk[82] | 1994 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Smith[83] | 1994 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
AAE[84] | 1996 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Brady & Holum[85] | 1996 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Harrison & de Mora[86] | 1996 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Hook & Post[87] | 1996 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Atkins & Jones[88] | 1997 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | 6 | |||||||||||||
Dayah[89] | 1997 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Mingos[90] | 1998 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Joesten & Wood[91] | 1999 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Kremer[92] | 1999 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Thompson[93] | 1999 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Umland & Bellama[94] | 1999 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | At | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Callister[95] | 2000 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | Se | C | 7 | ||||||||||||
Enloe[96] | 2000 | As | Te | Si | B | At | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Mann, Meek & Allen[97] | 2000 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Bi | 8 | |||||||||||
Phillips, Stozak & Wistrom[98] | 2000 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Ryan[99] | 2000 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Hawkes[100] | 2001 | As | Te | Ge | Sb | Se | Bi | 6 | |||||||||||||
Lewis & Evans[101] | 2001 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Masterton & Hurley[102] | 2001 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Barrett[103] | 2002 | (As) | (Te) | (Ge) | (Si) | (Sb) | (B) | (Se) | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
Chang[104] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Lv | Ts | 10 | |||||||||
Harding, Johnson & Janes[105] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Johnson[106] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | At | 6 | |||||||||||||
Rodgers[107] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Szefer[108] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Se | 6 | |||||||||||||
Woodgate[109] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Sb | Al | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Wright & Welbourn[110] | 2002 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
e-encyclopedia[111] | 2003 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Gupta[112] | 2003 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Hunt[113] | 2003 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Myers[114] | 2003 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | Se | 8 | |||||||||||
Williams[115] | 2003 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Atkins[116] | 2004 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Cox[117] | 2004 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Se | 6 | |||||||||||||
Gilbert, Kirss & Davies[118] | 2004 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | Se | 8 | |||||||||||
Reilly[119] | 2004 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Se | 9 | ||||||||||
Ebbing & Gammon[120] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Fry & Page[121] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Halliday, Resnick & Walker[122] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Holler & Selegue[123] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | (At) | 7.5 | |||||||||||
Kotz, Treichel & Weaver[124] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Meyer[125] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Orchin[126] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Swenson[127] | 2005 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Se | C | Bi | 11 | ||||||||
Baird[128] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Blei & Odian[129] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | At | Lv | 8 | |||||||||||
Brown & Holme[130] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Dashek & Harrison[131] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Finch et al.[132] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Goldfrank & Flomenbaum[133] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Hatt[134] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Hérold[135] | 2006 | As | Ge | Si | B | Po | (At) | Se | C | Bi | P | 9.5 | |||||||||
McMonagle[136] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | Lv | Fl Mc |
8 | ||||||||||||
Rayner-Canham & Overton[137] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | B | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Silberberg[138] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Slade[139] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Wertheim, Oxlade & Stockley[140] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | Se | 8 | |||||||||||
Whitley[141] | 2006 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
American Chemical Society[142] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Astruc[143] | 2007 | As | Si | B | Se | P | S | 6 | |||||||||||||
Casper[144] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Crystal[145] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
DeGraff[146] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Joesten, Hogg & Castellion[147] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Lewis[148] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Se | C | P | S | 11 | ||||||||
Petty[149] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Se | C | Bi | P | Sn | 13 | ||||||
Rösler, Harders & Bäker[150] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | (Sn) | 6.5 | ||||||||||||
Saunders[151] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Saunders[152] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Shipman, Wilson & Tood[153] | 2007 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Bauer, Birk & Sawyer[154] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Clugston & Flemming[155] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Se | 6 | |||||||||||||
Encyclopedia Columbia[156] | 2008 | As | Te | Sb | Se | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Ham[157] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Kelter, Mosher & Scott[158] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Masterton & Hurley[159] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Merck[160] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Nicolaou & Montagnon[161] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | C | 9 | ||||||||||
Řezanka & Sigler[162] | 2008 | As | Te | Si | B | At | Se | 6 | |||||||||||||
Tro & Neu[163] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Vallero[164] | 2008 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Brown et al.[165] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Burrows et al.[166] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Castor-Perry[167] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | I | 9 | ||||||||||
Cracolice & Peters[168] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Economou[169] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Al | 9 | ||||||||||
Habashi[170] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | Se | Bi | 9 | ||||||||||
Hein & Arena[171] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Leach[172] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Manning[173] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
McMurray & Fay[174] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Reger, Goode & Ball[175] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Schnepp[176] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Shubert & Leyba[177] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Whitten et al.[178] | 2009 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
Aldinger & Weberruss[179] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Banks et al.[180] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | 6 | |||||||||||||
Fayer[181] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
Gray[182] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Groysman[183] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | Po | 6 | |||||||||||||
Halka & Nordstrom[184] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Lombi E & Holm PE[185] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | 8 | |||||||||||
NEST Association[186] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
RCCS[187] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | At | Se | C | Bi | P | Sn | 13 | ||||||
Senese[188] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | (B) | Po | At | (Se) | C | 9 | |||||||||
Weiner[189] | 2010 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Barbalace[190] | 2011 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Po | 7 | ||||||||||||
Encyclopædia Britannica Online[191] | 2011 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | (Po) | (At) | 7 | |||||||||||
Helmenstine[192] | 2011 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | (Po) | 6.5 | ||||||||||||
Moore[193] | 2011 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | At | 7 | ||||||||||||
QA International[194] | 2011 | As | Te | Ge | Si | Sb | B | Se | 7 | ||||||||||||
Element | Arsenic | Tellurium | Germanium | Silicon | Antimony | Boron | Polonium | Astatine | Selenium | Aluminium | Carbon | Bismuth | Phosphorus | Beryllium | Tin | Sulfur | Livermorium | Iodine | Other |
- () Parenthesized symbols indicate elements whose inclusion in a particular metalloid list is qualified in some way by the author(s). It is counted as 0.5 citation.
المراجع
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