قالب:الحوسبة المتوازية

v t e Parallel computing topics
General	Cloud computing • High-performance computing • Cluster computing • Distributed computing • Grid computing
Parallelism (levels)	Bit • Instruction • Data • Task
Threads	Superthreading • Hyperthreading
Theory	Amdahl's law • Gustafson's law • Cost efficiency • Karp-Flatt metric • slowdown • speedup
Elements	Process • Thread • Fiber • PRAM
Coordination	Multiprocessing • Multithreading • Memory coherency • Cache coherency • Barrier • Synchronization • Application checkpointing
Programming	Models (Implicit parallelism • Explicit parallelism • Concurrency) • Flynn's taxonomy (SISD • SIMD • MISD • MIMD (SPMD))
Hardware	Multiprocessing (Symmetric • Asymmetric) • Memory (NUMA • COMA • distributed • shared • distributed shared) • SMT MPP • Superscalar • Vector processor • Supercomputer • Beowulf
APIs	POSIX Threads • OpenMP • PVM • MPI • UPC • Intel Threading Building Blocks • Boost.Thread • Global Arrays • Charm++ • Cilk
Problems	Embarrassingly parallel • Grand Challenge • Software lockout • Scalability • Race conditions • Deadlock • Deterministic algorithm