المعرفة

قائمة الأحزاب في الصين

هذا المقال هو عن الأحزاب في جمهورية الصين الشعبية. إذا كنت تريد الأحزاب في جمهورية الصين بعد 1949، انظر قائمة الأحزاب في تايوان.

جمهورية الصين الشعبية هي دولة حزب واحد يحكمها الحزب الشيوعي الصيني (CCP). بالرغم من ذلك، تتواجد ثمانية أحزاب صغرى تحت قيادة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني.

تحت مبدأ بلد واحد بنظامين، the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, which were previously colonies of European powers, operate under a different political system from the rest of China. Currently, both Hong Kong and Macau possess multi-party systems that were introduced just before the handover of the territories to China.[1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الأحزاب الشرعية

الحزب الحاكم

The Chinese Communist Party is the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese constitution states that "The defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China",[2] while the CCP constitution declares the party to be the "highest force for political leadership".[3]

الحزب تاريخ التأسيس الأيديولوجيا الأعضاء الزعيم مقاعد مؤتمر الشعب الوطني مقاعد NPCSC مقاعد CPPCC[أ]
  الحزب الشيوعي الصيني (CCP)
中国共产党 (中共) 		1921 الاشتراكية بخصائص صينية 98,041,000 (2022) شي جين بينغ
2٬091 / 2٬980
118 / 175
99 / 544

الأحزاب الصغرى

للمزيد من المعلومات: الجبهة المتحدة (الصين)

While only the CCP holds effective power at the national level, there are officially eight minor and non-oppositional parties that exist alongside the CCP.[4] Founded before the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, these parties must accept the "leading role" of the CCP as a condition of their continued existence.[5] The relationship between these parties and the CCP has officially been described as "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision, treating each other with full sincerity and sharing weal or woe".[6] According to Human Rights Watch, these parties "play an advisory rather than an oppositional role".[7] The eight minor parties take part in "united front work" and also take part in the political system, but they have no power at a national level.[8][4] The Chinese political system allows for the participation of some members of the eight minor parties and other non-CCP members in the National People's Congress (NPC), but they are vetted by the CCP.[7] According to Aaron Friedberg, these parties' "purpose is to create the illusion of inclusiveness and representation."[9] One of the ways the CCP controls the minor parties is through its United Front Work Department (UFWD), which vets the membership applications and controls who is the leader of these parties.[10] UFWD also keeps the parties in check by preventing them from expanding widely in counties and villages.[10] There is officially a ranking system of the parties; the ranking is based on their "contribution to the new democratic revolution".[11]

Ranking Name
(اختصار) 		تاريخ التأسيس الأعضاء الرئيس مقاعد NPC مقاعد NPCSC مقاعد CPPCC [ب]
1. اللجنة الثورية للكومن‌تانگ الصيني (RCCK)
中国国民党革命委员会 (民革)
Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì (Míngé) 		1948 158,000 (2022) Zheng Jianbang
44 / 2٬980
6 / 175
65 / 544
2. الرابطة الديمقراطية الصينية (CDL)
中国民主同盟 (民盟)
Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Tóngméng (Mínméng) 		1941 348,300 (2022) Ding Zhongli
57 / 2٬980
9 / 175
65 / 544
3. الجمعية الصينية الديمقراطية للبناء الوطني (CNDCA)
中国民主建国会 (民建)
Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Jiànguó Huì (Mínjiàn) 		1945 220,000 (2022) Hao Mingjin
57 / 2٬980
3 / 175
65 / 544
4. الرابطة الصينية لتعزيز الديمقراطية (CAPD)
中国民主促进会 (民进)
Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Cùjìn Huì (Mínjìn) 		1945 192,000 (2022) Cai Dafeng
58 / 2٬980
7 / 175
45 / 544
5. الحزب الصيني الديمقراطي للفلاحين والعمال (CPWDP)
中国农工民主党 (农工党)
Zhōngguó Nónggōng Mínzhǔdǎng (Nónggōngdǎng) 		1930 192,000 (2022) He Wei
54 / 2٬980
7 / 175
45 / 544
6. حزب ژي گونگ الصيني (CZGP)
中国致公党 (致公党)
Zhōngguó Zhì Gōng Dǎng (Zhìgōngdǎng) 		1925 69,000 (2022) Jiang Zuojun
38 / 2٬980
3 / 175
30 / 544
7. جمعية جيوسان (JS)
九三学社
Jiǔsānxuéshè 		1945 204,069 (2022) Wu Weihua
63 / 2٬980
4 / 175
45 / 544
8. رابطة الحكم الذاتي الديمقراطي التايواني (TDSL)
台湾民主自治同盟 (台盟)
Táiwān Mínzhǔ Zìzhì Tóngméng (Táiméng) 		1947 3,400 (2022) Su Hui
13 / 2٬980
3 / 175
20 / 544

أحزاب أخرى

أحزاب محظورة

The following parties formed in China are (or have previously been) banned by the government:


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الأحزاب التاريخية

المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ الأحزاب في الصين
انظر أيضاً: قائمة الأحزاب في تايوان
 
صن يات-سن مع أعضاء فرع سنغافورة لـ تونگ‌منگ‌هوي

The Republic of China (ROC) was founded by the Kuomintang (KMT) leader Sun Yat-sen in 1912. The Kuomintang's prior revolutionary political group, the Revive China Society, was founded on 24 November 1894. It later merged with various other revolutionary groups to form the Tongmenghui in 1905. In August 1911, the Tongmenghui further merged with various other political parties in Beijing to form the KMT. In July 1914, the KMT re-organized itself as the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, Japan. In 1919, the party officially renamed itself as Kuomintang of China, which literally translates to Chinese Nationalist Party.[23] It was China's first major political party. In 1921, the CCP was founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in Shanghai as a study society and an informal network. Slowly, the CCP began to grow. These were the two major political parties in China during the time when the ROC ruled بر الصين الرئيسي من 1911 إلى 1949.

هذه القائمة غير كاملة؛ بإمكانك المساعدة بتوسيعها.

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Seats for political parties
  2. ^ Seats reserved for political parties

المراجع

  1. ^ Buckley, Roger (1997-05-28). Hong Kong: The Road to 1997 (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511612220. ISBN 978-0-521-47008-7. S2CID 162068953.
  2. ^ Wei, Changhao; Hu, Taige (11 March 2018). "Annotated Translation: 2018 Amendment to the PRC Constitution (Version 2.0)". NPC Observer. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  3. ^ Xu, Wei (28 October 2022). "Amendment to the Party Constitution elaborated". China Daily. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  4. ^ أ ب Liao, Xingmiu; Tsai, Wen-Hsuan (2019). "Clientelistic State Corporatism: The United Front Model of "Pairing-Up" in the Xi Jinping Era". China Review. 19 (1): 31–56. ISSN 1680-2012. JSTOR 26603249.
  5. ^ Tselichtchev, Ivan, ed. (2012-01-02). China Versus the West: The Global Power Shift of the 21st Century (in الإنجليزية). Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/9781119199311. ISBN 978-1-119-19931-1. OCLC 883259659.
  6. ^ "IV. The System of Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation". China Internet Information Center. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  7. ^ أ ب "China: Nipped In The Bud - Background". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  8. ^ Kesselman, Mark (2012-01-01). Introduction to Politics of the Developing World: Political Challenges and Changing Agendas (in الإنجليزية). Cengage Learning. p. 324. ISBN 978-1-133-71258-9.
  9. ^ Friedberg, Aaron L. (2022). Getting China Wrong. Cambridge. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-509-54512-4. OCLC 1310457810.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ أ ب Baptista, Eduardo (2021-06-11). "Are there other political parties in China?". South China Morning Post (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  11. ^ "我国八个民主党派排序考". Lishui Municipal Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  12. ^ Su, Yuan (2017). 1978-1979: Diary. China Cultural Communication Press.
  13. ^ "'四人帮'在福建打游击". 展望. 01. 1977-01-01.
  14. ^ "福建四人帮战讯". 展望. 1977-12-01.
  15. ^ أ ب Gittings, John (2005). The Changing Face of China: From Mao to Market. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-280612-2.
  16. ^ أ ب Goldsmith, Jack; Wu, Tim (2006-06-29). Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World (in الإنجليزية). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780195152661.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-515266-1.
  17. ^ "国台办称中国泛蓝联盟是非法组织" [The Taiwan Affairs Office said the Union of Chinese Nationalists is an illegal organization.]. Phoenix TV (in Chinese (China)). 25 April 2007.
  18. ^ Demick, Barbara (20 March 2012). "China puts a stop to Maoist revival". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  19. ^ Moore, Malcolm. "Former teacher names Bo Xilai chairman of 'new political party'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  20. ^ Benjamin Kang Lim and Ben Blanchard (9 November 2013). "Bo Xilai supporters launch new political party in China". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  21. ^ Shao, Heng. "Bizarre China Report: The Grand Wedding, Power Play & Smog-Inspired Creativity". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  22. ^ "北京民政局发出取缔"至宪党"决定". Deutsche Welle. 14 December 2013. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  23. ^ "- 中國國民黨全球資訊網 KMT Official Website". Kuomintang. Archived from the original on 2012-08-23. Retrieved 2018-08-03.

قالب:Chinese political parties

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=قائمة_الأحزاب_في_الصين&oldid=3941662"