قائمة أقاليم إيطاليا

تنقسم الدولة الإيطالية إداريا إلى عشرين إقليم يتمتع خمسة منها بالحكم الذاتي ، و كل إقليم يتكون من عدد من المقاطعات تسمى كل واحدة باسم العاصمة و بها عدد من المدن و البلدات و القرى.

Regions of Italy
Regioni d'Italia  (إيطالية)
تُعرف باسم:
Règions étaliènes  (Arpitan), Régions d'Italie  (فرنسية), Italienische Regionen  (ألمانية), Riggiuni d'Italia  (صقلية), Rejon de Itàlia  (Venetian)
التصنيفUnitary state
الموقعالجمهورية الإيطالية
العدد20
عدد السكان126,933 (Aosta Valley) – 10,103,969 (Lombardy)
المساحة3,261 km2 (1,259 sq mi) (Aosta Valley) –
25,832 km2 (9,974 sq mi) (Sicily)
الحكومةRegional Government, National Government
التقسيماتProvince

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الأقاليم

وهذه الأقاليم العشرين هي:

الإقليم العاصمة السكان المساحة (kmq) الكثافة (ab./kmq) المقاطعات عدد المدن والبلدات
لومبارديا ميلانو 9.473.084 23.861 393,7 بيرغامو، بريشا، كومو، كريمونا، ليكو، لودي ، مانتوفا، ميلانو، منزا و بريانسا، بافيا ، سوندريو ، فاريزي . 1.546
كامبانيا نابولي 5.788.986 13.592 425,9 أفيلينو ، بينيفنتو ، كازيرتا ، نابولي ، ساليرنو . 551
لاتسيو روما 5.269.972 17.210 306,2 فروزينوني ، لاتينا، رييتي ، روما ، فيتيربو. 378
صقلية باليرمو 5.013.081 25.701 195,0 أغريجنتو ، كالتانيسيتا ، كاتانيا، إنا ، ميسينا ، باليرمو، راغوزا ، سيراقوسة ، تراباني . 390
فينيتو فينيسيا 4.699.950 18.390 255,6 بيلونو، بادوفا، روفيغو ، تريفيزو ، فينيسيا ، فيرونا، فيتشنزا . 581
بييمونتي تورينو 4.330.172 25.398 170,5 ألساندريا ، أستي ، بييلا ، كونيو، نوفارا ، تورينو، فربانو كوزيو أوسولا ، فرشيلي. 1.206
إيميليا رومانيا بولونيا 4.151.369 22.122 187,7 بولونيا ، فيرارا، تشيزينا فورلي، مودينا ، بارما، بياتشنسا ، رافينا ، ريدجو إيميليا، ريميني . 341
بوليا باري 4.068.167 19.364 210,1 باري، بارليتا أندريا تراني*, مقاطعة برينديزي ، ليتشي ، فودجا، تارانتو. 258
توسكانا فلورنسا 3.598.269 22.990 156,5 أريتسو، فلورنسا، غروسيتو ، ليفورنو ، لوكا ، ماسا كرارا ، بيزا ، بستويا ، براتو ، سيينا. 287
كالابريا كاتنزارو 2.009.268 15.083 133,2 كاتنزارو، كوزنسا ، كروتوني ، ريدجو كالابريا ، فيبو فالينتيا . 409
سردينيا كالياري 1.650.052 24.090 68,5 كالياري ، كاربونيا إغليسياس ، ميديو كامبيدانو ، نوورو، أولياسترا، أولبيا تمبيو، أوريستانو ، ساساري. 377
ليغوريا جنوة 1.592.309 5.421 293,7 جنوة ، إمبيريا ، لا سبيتسيا ، سافونا. 235
ماركي أنكونا 1.518.780 9.695 156,7 أنكونا، أسكولي بيتشينو ، فيرمو*, ماشيراتا ، بيزارو و أوربينو. 246
أبروتسو لاكويلا 1.299.272 10.793 120,4 كييتي ، لاكويلا، بسكارا، تيرامو . 305
فريولي فينيتسيا جوليا ترييستي 1.204.718 7.712 156,2 غوريتسيا، بوردينوني، ترييستي ، أوديني. 219
ترينتينو ألتو أديجي ترينتو 974.613 13.599 71,7 بولسانو، ترينتو. 339
أومبريا بيرودجا 858.938 8.454 101,6 بيرودجا، تيرني . 92
بازيليكاتا بوتنسا 596.546 9.992 59,7 ماتيرا، بوتنسا . 131
موليزي كامبوباسو 321.953 4.438 72,5 كامبوباسو، إزيرنيا . 136
فالي دا أوستا أوستا 122.868 3.266 37,6 لايوجد 74
المجموع 58.542.367 301.171 194,1 8.101


التاريخ

During the Kingdom of Italy, regions were administrative districts of the central state. Under the Republic, they were granted a measure of political autonomy by the 1948 Italian Constitution. The original draft list comprised the Salento region (which was eventually included in the Apulia). Friuli and Venezia Giulia were separate regions, and Basilicata was named Lucania. Abruzzo and Molise were identified as separate regions in the first draft. They were later merged into Abruzzi e Molise in the final constitution of 1948. They were separated in 1963.

Implementation of regional autonomy was postponed until the first Regional elections of 1970. The ruling Christian Democracy party did not want the opposition Italian Communist Party to gain power in the regions where it was historically rooted (the red belt of Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria and the Marches).

Regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001 (brought about by a centre-left government and confirmed by popular referendum), which granted them residual policy competence. A further federalist reform was proposed by the regionalist party Lega Nord and in 2005, the centre-right government led by Silvio Berlusconi proposed a new reform that would have greatly increased the power of regions.[1]

The proposals, which had been particularly associated with Lega Nord, and seen by some as leading the way to a federal state, were rejected in the 2006 Italian constitutional referendum by 61.7% to 38.3%.[1] The results varied considerably among the regions, ranging from 55.3% in favor in Veneto to 82% against in Calabria.[1]

السيطرة السياسية

 
Regions colored by the winning coalition (as of September 2020)

Number of regions governed by each coalition since 1995:

  Others

المناطق

Flag Region
Italian name (if different)
الوضع Population[2]
January 2021
المساحة Pop. density HDI[3] 2019 العاصمة President Number of comuni[4] Prov. or
metrop. cities
الرقم % كم² %
  أبروتسو Ordinary 1,285,256 2.17% 10,832 3.59% 119 0.889 L'Aquila ماركو مارسيليو
إخوان إيطاليا
305 4
  وادي أوستا
Valle d'Aosta
Autonomous 123,895 0.21% 3,261 1.08% 38 0.887 أوستا Erik Lavévaz
Valdostan Union
74 1
  پوليا
Puglia
Ordinary 3,926,931 6.63% 19,541 6.48% 201 0.854 باري Michele Emiliano
Democratic Party
257 6
  بازيليكاتا Ordinary 547,579 0.92% 10,073 3.34% 54 0.862 Potenza Vito Bardi
Forza Italia
131 2
  Calabria Ordinary 1,877,728 3.17% 15,222 5.04% 123 0.845 Catanzaro Antonino Spirlì (acting)[أ]
League
404 5
  Campania Ordinary 5,679,759 9.58% 13,671 4.53% 415 0.854 Naples Vincenzo De Luca
Democratic Party
550 5
  Emilia-Romagna Ordinary 4,445,549 7.50% 22,453 7.44% 198 0.921 Bologna Stefano Bonaccini
Democratic Party
330 9
  Friuli-Venezia Giulia Autonomous 1,198,753 2.02% 7,924 2.63% 151 0.903 Trieste Massimiliano Fedriga
League
215 4
  Lazio Ordinary 5,720,796 9.65% 17,232 5.71% 332 0.914 Rome Nicola Zingaretti
Democratic Party
378 5
  Liguria Ordinary 1,509,805 2.55% 5,416 1.79% 279 0.898 Genoa Giovanni Toti
Cambiamo!
234 4
  Lombardy
Lombardia
Ordinary 9,966,992 16.82% 23,864 7.91% 418 0.912 Milan Attilio Fontana
League
1,506 12
  Marche Ordinary 1,501,406 2.53% 9,401 3.12% 160 0.901 Ancona Francesco Acquaroli
Brothers of Italy
225 5
  Molise Ordinary 296,547 0.50% 4,461 1.48% 66 0.872 Campobasso Donato Toma
Forza Italia
136 2
  Piedmont
Piemonte
Ordinary 4,273,210 7.21% 25,387 8.41% 168 0.898 Turin Alberto Cirio
Forza Italia
1,181 8
  Sardinia
Sardegna
Autonomous 1,598,225 2.70% 24,100 7.99% 66 0.868 Cagliari Christian Solinas
Sardinian Action Party
377 5
  Sicily
Sicilia
Autonomous 4,840,876 8.17% 25,832 8.56% 187 0.845 Palermo Nello Musumeci
Diventerà Bellissima
391 9
  Trentino-South Tyrol
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Autonomous 1,078,460 1.82% 13,606 4.51% 79 Trentino: 0.920 Trento Maurizio Fugatti
League
282 2
South Tyrol: 0.910
  Tuscany
Toscana
Ordinary 3,668,333 6.19% 22,987 7.62% 160 0.907 Florence Eugenio Giani
Democratic Party
273 10
  Umbria Ordinary 865,013 1.46% 8,464 2.81% 102 0.897 Perugia Donatella Tesei
League
92 2
  Veneto Ordinary 4,852,453 8.19% 18,020 5.97% 265 0.900 Venice Luca Zaia
League
563 7
  Italy
Italia
59,257,566 100.00% 302,068.26 100.00% 196 0.892 Rome Sergio Mattarella
Independent
7,904 107
  1. ^ Antonino Spirlì is the acting President following the death of Jole Santelli on 15th October 2020.


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المناطق الكبرى

Macroregions are the first-level NUTS of the European Union.(it) [5]

الخريطة Macroregion
الاسم الإيطالي
المناطق Major city Population
January 2019
Area (km2) Population
density

(km−2)
الرقم % كم² %
North-West
Nord-Ovest
Aosta Valley
Liguria
Lombardy
Piedmont
ميلانو 16,093,286 26.66% 57,928 19.18% 278
North-East
Nord-Est
Emilia-Romagna
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Trentino-South Tyrol
Veneto
Bologna 11,652,827 19.31% 62,003 20.63% 187
Centre
Centro
Lazio
Marche
Tuscany
Umbria
Rome 12,016,009 19.91% 58,085 19.23% 208
South
Sud
Abruzzo
Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Campania
Molise
ناپولي 13,957,942 23.12% 73,800 24.43% 191
Islands
Isole or Insulare (adj)
Sardinia
Sicily
Palermo 6,639,482 11.00% 49,932 16.53% 135

الوضع

Every region has a statute that serves as a regional constitution, determining the form of government and the fundamental principles of the organization and the functioning of the region, as prescribed by the Constitution of Italy (Article 123). Although all the regions except Tuscany define themselves in various ways as an "autonomous Region" in the first article of their Statutes,[6] fifteen regions have ordinary statutes and five have special statutes, granting them extended autonomy.

Regions with ordinary statute

These regions, whose statutes are approved by their regional councils, were created in 1970, even though the Italian Constitution dates back to 1948. Since the constitutional reform of 2001 they have had residual legislative powers. The regions have exclusive legislative power with respect to any matters not expressly reserved to state law (Article 117).[7] Yet their financial autonomy is quite modest: they keep just 20% of all levied taxes, mostly used to finance the region-based healthcare system.[8]

المناطق الذاتية ذات الوضع الخاص

 
المناطق الذاتية

Article 116 of the Italian Constitution grants home rule to five regions, namely Sardinia, Sicily, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Aosta Valley and Friuli Venezia Giulia, allowing them some legislative, administrative and financial power to a varying extent, depending on their specific statute. These regions became autonomous in order to take into account cultural differences and protect linguistic minorities. Moreover, the government wanted to prevent their secession from Italy after the Second World War.[9]

المؤسسات

Each region has an elected parliament, called Consiglio Regionale (regional council), or Assemblea Regionale (regional assembly) in Sicily, and a government called Giunta Regionale (regional committee), headed by a governor called Presidente della Giunta Regionale (president of the regional committee) or Presidente della Regione (regional president). The latter is directly elected by the citizens of each region, with the exceptions of Aosta Valley and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regions where the president is chosen by the regional council.

Under the 1995 electoral law, the winning coalition receives an absolute majority of seats on the council. The president chairs the giunta, and nominates or dismisses its members, called assessori. If the directly elected president resigns, new elections are called immediately.

In the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, the regional council is made up of the joint session of the two provincial councils of Trentino and of South Tyrol. The regional president is one of the two provincial commissioners.

التمثيل في مجلس الشيوخ

 
Number of senators currently assigned to each Region.

Article 57 of the Constitution of Italy establishes that the Senate of the Italian Republic is elected on a regional basis (excluding 6 senators elected by Italians residing abroad and a small number of senators for life) by Italian citizens aged 25 or older.

The 309 senators are assigned to each region proportionally according to their population. However, Article 57 of the Constitution provides that no region can have fewer than seven senators representing it, except for the Aosta Valley (which has one) and Molise (which has two).

Region Seats[10] Region Seats Region Seats
  أبروتسو 7   Friuli-Venezia Giulia 7   سردينيا 8
  {{{وادي أوستا}}} 1   لاتسيو 28   صقلية 25
  پوليا 20   ليگوريا 8   ترنتو ألتو أديجي 7
  بازيليكاتا 7   Lombardy 49   توسكانا 18
  كالابريا 10   ماركى 8 قالب:Country data Umbria 7
  كامپانيا 29   موليزى 2   ڤـِنـِتو 24
  إميليا-رومانيا 22   پيدمونت 22 Overseas constituencies 6


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اقتصاد المناطق والأقاليم

 
GDP per capita 2018, EUR
Flag Name GDP 2018,
million EUR[11]
GDP per capita 2018,
EUR[11]
GDP 2011,
million PPS[11]
GDP per capita 2011,
PPS[11]
  Abruzzo 33,900 25,800 29,438 21,900
  Aosta Valley 4,900 38,900 4,236 33,000
  Apulia 76,600 19,000 68,496 16,700
  Basilicata 12,600 22,200 10,517 17,900
  Calabria 33,300 17,000 32,357 16,100
  Campania 108,000 18,600 91,658 15,700
  Emilia-Romagna 161,000 36,200 139,597 31,400
  Friuli-Venezia Giulia 38,000 31,200 35,855 29,000
  Lazio 198,000 33,600 168,609 29,300
  Liguria 49,900 32,100 43,069 26,700
  Lombardy 388,800 38,600 330,042 33,200
  Marche 43,200 28,300 40,014 25,500
  Molise 6,500 20,900 6,278 19,700
  Piedmont 137,000 31,500 123,336 27,600
  Sardinia 34,900 21,200 32,377 19,300
  Sicily 89,200 17,800 82,183 16,300
  Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 41,700 39,200 35,041 33,700
  Tuscany 118,000 31,500 103,775 27,600
  Umbria 22,500 25,400 21,078 23,200
  Veneto 163,000 33,200 146,369 29,600
Code الاسم GDP 2011,
million EUR[11]
GDP per capita 2011,
EUR[11]
GDP 2011,
million PPS[11]
GDP per capita 2011,
PPS[11]
ITE Centre 340,669 28,400 333,475 27,800
ITD North-East 364,560 31,200 356,862 30,600
ITC North-West 511,484 31,700 500,683 31,000
ITG Islands 117,031 17,400 114,560 17,000
ITF South 243,895 17,200 238,744 16,800
- Extra-regio 2,771 2,712

انظر أيضاً

التقسيمات الادارية الأخرى

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب ت "Speciale Referendum 2006". la Repubblica. 26 June 2006. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  2. ^ "Population Italian Regions". tuttitalia.it.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Italian Comuni". tuttitalia.it.
  5. ^ "ISTAT geo-demo".
  6. ^ Pinto, Luciano Torrente-Paolo Strazzullo-Roberto. "Statuti Regionali - Casa Editrice: Edizioni Simone". www.simone.it.
  7. ^ LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher. "ICL - Italy - Constitution". servat.unibe.ch.
  8. ^ Report RAI - Le regioni a statuto speciale (Italian), retrieved 21 January 2009 [1] Archived 22 مارس 2009 at the Wayback Machine, [2]
  9. ^ Hiroko Kudo, “Autonomy and Managerial Innovation in Italian Regions after Constitutional Reform”, Chuo University, Faculty of Law and Graduate School of Public Policy (2008): p. 1. Retrieved on 6 April 2012 from http://www.med-eu.org/proceedings/MED1/Kudo.pdf Archived 17 نوفمبر 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ^ "senato.it - XVII Legislatura - Senatori eletti nella regione Piemonte". www.senato.it.
  11. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014.

وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة: