إم-48 پاتون
إم-48 پاتون M48 Patton هي دبابة معارك رئيسية (MBT) صُممت في الولايات المتحدة. It was the third tank[5] to be officially named after General George S. Patton, commander of the U.S. Third Army[6] during World War II and one of the earliest American advocates for the use of tanks in battle.[7] It was a further development of the M47 Patton tank. The M48 Patton was in U.S. service until replaced by the M60[6] and served as the U.S. Army and Marine Corps's primary battle tank in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It was widely used by U.S. Cold War allies, especially other NATO countries.
| M48 Patton | |
|---|---|
 M48 Patton on display in Thun, Switzerland | |
| النوع | Medium tank[1] |
| مكان الأصل | الولايات المتحدة |
| تاريخ الخدمة | |
| في الخدمة | 1953-1990s U.S |
| الحروب | 1958 Lebanon crisis Portuguese Colonial War Vietnam War Six Day War Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Yom Kippur war[2] Lebanese Civil War Turkish invasion of Cyprus Iran–Iraq War Battle of Mogadishu (1993) Turkey–PKK conflict |
| تاريخ الانتاج | |
| الصانع | M48: Chrysler, Fisher Body, Ford Motor Company, American Locomotive Company |
| أُنتِج | M48: 1952–1959 |
| No. المُنتج | M48: ≈12,000 |
| التنويعات | Many, see the variants section |
| المواصفات | |
| الوزن | M48: 49.6 short tons (44.3 long tons; 45.0 t) combat ready |
| الطول | 9.30 متر |
| العرض | 3.65 متر |
| الارتفاع | 3.10 متر |
| الطاقم | 4 (قائد، مدفعجي، معمر، غواص) |
| الدرع | Upper Glacis: 110 mm (4.3 in) at 60° = 220 mm (8.7 in) LoS مقدمة البرج: 178 mm (7.0 in) at 0°[3] |
التدريع الرئيسي | 90 mm T54; M48A3 90 mm gun M41; M48A5 and later variants: 105 mm M68 gun |
التدريع الثانوي | .50 cal (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun .30 cal (7.62 mm) M73 Machine gun |
| المحرك | Continental AVSI-1790-6 V12, air-cooled Twin-turbo gasoline engine (early M48s) 810 SAE gross hp = 650 DIN hp (478 kW) Continental AVDS-1790-2 V12, air-cooled Twin-turbo diesel engine 750 hp |
| القدرة/الوزن | 15.1 hp/ton (16.6/tonne) |
| نقل الحركة | General Motors CD-850-4A or -4B, 2 ranges forward, 1 reverse |
| التعليق | Torsion bar suspension |
| سعة الوقود | 200 US gal (760 L; 170 imp gal) |
المدى العملياتي | M48 and M48A1 113 km, M48A2 258 km, M48A3 463 km, M48A5 499 km (all on road)[4] |
| السرعة | M48A5: 30 mph (48 km/h) |
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التاريخ
المستخدمون
مستخدمون حاليون
اليونان: 390 M48A5 MOLF
إيران: 180
إسرائيل: 561 Magach 5 Golan[8]
كوريا الجنوبية: Around 300 M48A3K and 500 M48A5K1/K2 are in service. M48A3K are expected to be replaced with K2 Black Panther in the distant future.
Most of all M48A3K are used in reserve but ROKM continues to use a few tanks in active service. However, the ROKM's M48A3K are being replaced with K-1 Tanks
لبنان: 104 M48A1 and M48A5
المغرب: 225 M48A5
تايوان: 450 CM-11, 100 CM-12[9]
تايلند: 105 M48A5
تونس: 28
تركيا: 758 M48A5T2 in service. All other variants, 2,250 pieces including the 1,389 M48A5T1 are phased out of active service.
مستخدمون سابقون
الأردن: 200
النرويج: 38 M48A5
پاكستان: 300 M48A5's in active service till 2002, Currently in Reserve.[10][11]
الپرتغال: M48A5 phased out and replaced by M60A3 TTS and Leopard-2A6.
ڤيتنام الجنوبية: Few hundred. 20 passed on to جمهورية ڤيتنام الاشتراكية.
إسپانيا: 164 M48A5E
ألمانيا الغربية except 24 Minenräumpanzer Keiler
ڤيتنام: 20 M48s, retired due to lack of spare parts.
الولايات المتحدة
انظر أيضاً
- M46 Patton
- M47 Patton
- M60 Patton
- M88 Recovery Vehicle – armored recovery variant based on the M48 Patton/M60 Series tanks chassis and part of the automotive component.
- M103 heavy tank
- List of armoured fighting vehicles
- G-numbers – SNL G254
- Type 61 – a similarly armed Japanese design
الدبابات المناظرة من حيث الدور، الأداء والفترة
المراجع
- الهامش
- ^ Hunnicutt, p. 35
- ^ The Yom Kippur war the revised and definitive edition by the insight team of the sunday times page 140
- ^ Hunnicutt, R.P. (1984). Patton: A History of the American MBT. Presidio. p. 428.
- ^ Jane's Armour & Artillery 1989-90
- ^ Hunnicutt, p. 93
- ^ أ ب Hunnicutt
- ^ although the Ordnance Committee Minutes/OCM #33476 ceased utilizing the heavy, medium, and light tank designations on 7 November 1950; going to the "...Gun Tank designation")
- ^ John Pike. "Army Equipment - Israel". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ John Pike. "Army Equipment - Taiwan". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Pakistan Land Forces military equipment and vehicles of Pakistani Army".
- ^ John Pike. "Pakistan Army Equipment". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ببليوگرافيا
- Steven J Zaloga, Tony Bryan, Jim Laurier - "M26–M46 Pershing Tank 1943–1953", 2000 Osprey Publishing (New Vanguard 35), ISBN 1-84176-202-4.
- Keith W. Nolan "Into Lao's, Operation Lam Son 719 and Dewey Canyon II" 1986. Presidio Press. Account of the US Army's final offensive of the Vietnam War.
- Abraham Rabinovich - "The Battle for Jerusalem June 5–7, 1967", 2004 Sefer Ve Sefer Publlishing, Jerusalem, ISBN 965-7287-07-3
- Starry, Donn A., General. "Mounted Combat In Vietnam"; Vietnam Studies. 1989; Department of the Army.
- Hunnicutt, R. P. "Patton: A History of the American Main Battle Tank." 1984, Presidio Press; ISBN 0-89141-230-1.
- Dunstan, Simon. "Vietnam Tracks-Armor in Battle." (1982 edition, Osprey Publishing), ISBN 0-89141-171-2.
- Bowden, Mark "Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War" 2001, Signet; ISBN 0-451-20393-3.
وصلات خارجية
- AFV Database: M48 Patton
- GlobalSecurity.org: M48 Patton
- M48 Patton at U.S. Veterans Memorial Museum
- LQZKu0mmRGk "Birth of a Tank - 1950's United States Army Educational Documentary" at YouTube
الكلمات الدالة: