المعرفة

ألبرشت پنك

Albrecht Penck (25 September 1858 – 7 March 1945) was a German geographer and geologist and the father of Walther Penck.

Albrecht Penck
Albrecht Penck.jpg
Penck in 1911
وُلِدَ25 September 1858 (1858-09-25)
Reudnitz, Saxony
توفي7 مارس 1945(1945-03-07) (aged 86)
Prague, Bohemia and Moravia, Nazi Germany
المدرسة الأمUniversity of Leipzig
الجوائزCharles P. Daly Medal (1914)
Vega Medal (1923)
السيرة العلمية
المجالاتGeomorphology, Quaternary geology, climatology, political geography
الهيئاتUniversity of Vienna
Harvard University
Humboldt University
المشرف على الدكتوراهFerdinand Zirkel
طلاب الدكتوراهJovan Cvijić,[1] Johann Sölch, Eduard Brückner, Alfred Merz, Naomasa Yamasaki
أثـَّر عليهEduard Suess[2]
Walther Penck[3]
أثـّر علىJulius Büdel[4]
Jovan Cvijić[1]
Walther Penck[5]

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السيرة

Born in Reudnitz near Leipzig, Penck became a university professor in Vienna, Austria, from 1885 to 1906, and in Berlin from 1906 to 1927. There he was also the director of the Institute and Museum for Oceanography by 1918. He dedicated himself to geomorphology and climatology, and he raised the international profile of the Vienna school of physical geography.

With Eduard Brückner, he coauthored Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter, a work in which the two scientists identified the four ice ages of the European Pleistocene (Gunz, Mindel, Riss, Würm); these being named after the river valleys that were the first indication of each glaciation.[6]

In 1886, he married the sister of the successful Bavarian regional writer Ludwig Ganghofer. In 1945, Penck died in Prague.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In Vienna, he taught the Polish geographer Eugeniusz Romer and Ukrainian geographer Stepan Rudnytsky, who led the ethnographic efforts at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920).[7]

Penck arranged for the posthumous publication of his son's work Der Morphologische Analyse in 1924.[8] However he did not take any stance for or against his son's theories on geomorphology.[8]

في 1928، Penck taught as a visiting professor at the University of California at Berkeley led by Carl O. Sauer.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Albrecht Penck was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1914.[9]


على اسمه

 
سفينة الأبحاث الپروفسور ألبرشت پنك، 2008

سفينة الأبحاث الپروفسور ألبرشت پنك تغير اسمها إلى اللاجئ الضحية السوري ألان الكردي في مطلع 2019. بالإضافة لذلك، فإن الجبل مونس پنك على سطح القمر. وحافة پنك في مجمع مثلجة فرانز يوزف في نيوزيلندا والمثلجتين پنك الكبيرة والصغيرة في جبل كيليمانجارو في تنزانيا.


The glacier of Penckbreen in Wedel Jarlsberg Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard is named after him.[10] Since 1958 the "Albrecht-Penck-Medaille" is awarded by the Deutsche Quartärvereinigung for accomplishments associated with Quaternary science.[11][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]

In memory of Penck, the painter and sculptor Ralf Winkler adopted the nom de plume A. R. Penck in 1966.

الأعمال

للاستزادة

  • Hanna Bremer: Albrecht Penck (1858–1945) and Walther Penck (1888–1923), two German Geomorphologists. In: Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Vol. 27, 1983, pp. 129–138.
  • Richard J. Chorley, Robert P. Beckinsale & Antony J. Dunn: The History of the Study of Landforms or the Development of Geomorphology, Vol. 2., The Life and Work of William Morris Davis, London 1973.
  • Nicolas Ginsburger: "La guerre, la plus terribles des érosions". Cultures de guerre et géographes universitaires. France, Allemagne, Etats-Unis (1914-1921)" [archive], unpublished PhD, Université de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre-La Défense, 2010, 1682 p.
  • Nicolas Ginsburger: "Der Berliner Geograph Albrecht Penck im Ersten Weltkrieg: Die Mobilmachungen eines Akademikers (1914-1920)". In: Acta Historica Leopoldina,75, 2019, pp. 151–163.
  • Michael Heffernan: Professor Penck's Bluff: Geography, Espionage and Hysteria in World War I. In: Scottish Geographical Journal, Vol. 116, no. 4, 2000, pp. 267–282.
  • Norman Henniges: "Sehen lernen": Die Exkursionen des Wiener Geographischen Instituts und die Formierung der Praxiskultur der geographischen (Feld-)Beobachtung in der Ära Albrecht Penck (1885-1906).] In: Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 156, Wien 2014, pp. 141–170. (online)
  • Norman Henniges: "Naturgesetze der Kultur“: Die Wiener Geographen und die Ursprünge der „Volks- und Kulturbodentheorie“. In: ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, Vol. 14, 4, 2015, pp. 1309–1351.
  • Norman Henniges: Die Spur des Eises: eine praxeologische Studie über die wissenschaftlichen Anfänge des Geologen und Geographen Albrecht Penck (1858-1945). (= Beiträge zur regionalen Geographie. Vol. 69), Leibniz-Institut f. Länderkunde, Leipzig 2017, ISBN 978-3-86082-097-1, 556 p. (online)
  • Norman Henniges: Albrecht Penck. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (eds.): Handbuch der völkischen Wissenschaften, 2nd ed., Berlin 2017, pp. 570–577.
  • Alexander Pinwinkler: „Hier war die große Kulturgrenze, die die deutschen Soldaten nur zu deutlich fühlten …“ Albrecht Penck (1858–1945) und die deutsche „Volks- und Kulturbodenforschung“. In: Österreich in Geschichte und Literatur. Vol. 55, 2011, pp. 180–191.
  • Ingo Schaefer: Der Weg Albrecht Pencks nach München, zur Geographie und zur alpinen Eiszeitforschung. In: Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft in München. Vol 74, 1989, pp. 5–25.
  • Hans-Dietrich Schultz: „Ein wachsendes Volk braucht Raum.“ Albrecht Penck als politischer Geograph. In: Bernhard Nitz, Hans-Dietrich Schultz, Marlies Schulz (eds.): 1810–2010: 200 Jahre Geographie in Berlin (= Berliner Geographische Arbeiten. Vol. 115). Berlin 2010, pp. 91–135. [2nd ed. 2011, pp. 99–153.]
  • Hans-Dietrich Schultz: Albrecht Penck: Vorbereiter und Wegbereiter der NS-Lebensraumpolitik? In: E&G Quaternary Sci. J., Vol. 66, 2018, pp. 115–129.
  • Steven Seegel: Map Men: Transnational Lives and Deaths of Geographers in the Making of East Central Europe, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2018.

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب Ford, Derek (2007). "Jovan Cvijić and the founding of karst geomorphology". Environmental Geology. 51 (5): 675–684. doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0379-x. S2CID 129378021.
  2. ^ Chorley et al. 1963
  3. ^ Chorley et al. 2005, p. 589
  4. ^ Migoń, Piotr (2006). "Büdel, J. 1982: Climatic geomorphology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Translation of Klima-geomorphologie, Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1977.)". Progress in Physical Geography. 30 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp473xx. S2CID 129512489.
  5. ^ Chorley et al. 2005, p. 614
  6. ^ A to Z of Marine Scientists by Barbara Charton
  7. ^ "Remapping the Geo-Body: Transnational Dimensions of Stepan Rudnyts´kyi and His Contemporaries". Harvard Ukrainian Studies (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  8. ^ أ ب Bremer, Hanna (1983). "Albrecht Penck (1858-1945) and Walther Penck (1888-1923), two German geomorphologists". Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. 27 (2): 129–138. Bibcode:1983ZGm....27..129B. doi:10.1127/zfg/27/1983/129.
  9. ^ "List of Past Gold Medal Winners" (PDF). Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Penckbreen (Svalbard)". Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  11. ^ Penck, Friedrich Karl Albrecht Deutsche Biographie
  12. ^ Google Books Atlas der Österreichischen Alpenseen
  13. ^ Great maps. [S.l.]: Dk Publishing. 2014. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-4654-2463-1.

المراجع

  • Chorley, Richard J. (1963), "Diastrophic Background to Twentieth-Century Geomorphological Thought", Geological Society of America Bulletin 74 (8): 953–970, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[953:dbttgt]2.0.co;2, Bibcode: 1963GSAB...74..953C 
  • Chorley, Richard J.; Beckinsale, Robert P.; Dunn, Antony J. (2005) [1973]. "Chapter Twenty-Two". The History of the Study of Landforms. Vol. Two. Taylor & Francis e-Library.

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