المعرفة

محافظات سريلانكا

(تم التحويل من Provinces of Sri Lanka)
هذه المقالة تحتوي Indic text. بدون دعم إظهار مناسب، فقد تشاهد question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts بدلاً من نص هنداوي.

In Sri Lanka, provinces (بالسنهالية: පළාත; بالتاميل: மாகாணம்) are the first level administrative division. They were first established by the British rulers of Ceylon in 1833. Over the next century most of the administrative functions were transferred to the districts, the second level administrative division. By the middle of the 20th century the provinces had become merely ceremonial. This changed in 1987 when, following several decades of increasing demand for a decentralization, the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils.[1][2] Currently there are nine provinces.

Province
පළාත
மாகாணம்
Sri Lanka provinces.svg
التصنيفFirst level administrative division
الموقعSri Lanka
الإنشاء1 October 1833
العدد9 (as of 1 January 2007)
عدد السكان1,061,315–5,851,130
المساحة3,684–10,472 km²
الحكومةProvincial council
التقسيماتDistrict

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التاريخ

مملكة أنوراداپورا

انظر أيضاً: مملكة أنوراداپورا
 
مايا راتا، Pihiti & Ruhuna

Administrative areas of مملكة أنوراداپورا. Rajarata was the personal domain of the King. It was further divided in to four districts (Desa): Dakkina, Pachhima, Uttara and Pacina Desa.

سيلان البريطانية

انظر أيضاً: مملكة كاندي and سيلان البريطانية

After the British took control of the entire island of Ceylon in 1815 it was divided into three ethnic based administrative structures: Low Country Sinhalese, Kandyan Sinhalese and Tamil. In 1829 the British established the Colebrooke–Cameron Commission to review the colonial government of Ceylon, including its administrative structures.[3] The Commission recommended that the existing three ethnic based administrations be unified into a single administration divided into five geographic provinces.[3] Accordingly, on 1 October 1833 five provinces under one administration came into being:[4][5][6][7]

  • Central Province – composed of the central Kandyan provinces.
  • Eastern Province – composed of the maritime districts of Batticaloa and Trincomalee, and the Kandyan provinces of Bintenna and Tamankaduwa.
  • Northern Province – composed of the maritime districts of Jaffna, Mannar and Vanni, and the Kandyan province of Nuwara Kalawiya.
  • Southern Province – composed of the maritime districts of Galle, Hambantota, Matara and Tangalle, and the Kandyan provinces of Lower Uva, Saffragam and Wellassa.
  • Western Province – composed of the maritime districts of Colombo, Chilaw and Puttalam, and the Kandyan provinces of Three Korales, Four Korales, Seven Korales and Lower Bulathgama.

Over the next fifty years four additional provinces were created, taking the total number to nine:[6][7][8]

  • North Western Province was created in 1845 from northern Western Province (districts of Chilaw, Puttalam and Seven Korales).[9]
  • North Central Province was created in 1873 from southern Northern Province (district of Nuwara Kalawiya) and north-western Eastern Province (district of Tamankaduwa).[10]
  • Uva Province was created in 1886 from parts of Central Province, Eastern Province (district of Bintenna) and Southern Province (district of Wellassa).[10]
  • Sabaragamuwa Province was created in 1889.[11]

سري لانكا

 
المحافظة الشمالية الشرقية قصيرة العمر

The number of provinces remained static until September 1988 when, in accordance with the Indo-Lanka Accord, President Jayewardene issued proclamations enabling the Northern and Eastern provinces to be one administrative unit administered by one elected Council, creating the North Eastern Province.[12] The proclamations were only meant to be a temporary measure until a referendum was held in the Eastern Province on a permanent merger between the two provinces. However, the referendum was never held and successive Sri Lankan presidents issued proclamations annually extending the life of the "temporary" entity.[13] The merger was controversial and bitterly opposed by Sinhalese-speaking people, in particular. On 14 July 2006, after a long campaign against the merger, the JVP filed three separate petitions with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka requesting a separate Provincial Council for the East.[12] On 16 October 2006 the Supreme Court ruled that the proclamations issued by President Jayewardene were null and void and had no legal effect.[12] The North-East Province was formally de-merged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007.

Sri Lanka currently has nine provinces, seven of which have had provincial councils from the start.[2]Provinces and their famous tourist attractions.[14]

تطور محافظات سريلانكا منذ 1833

  • 1833–1845

  • 1845–1873

  • 1873–1886

  • 1886–1889

  • 1889–present

المحافظات

الحالية

All population data are from the most recent census of Sri Lanka, in 2012.

المحافظة خريطة المنطقة عاصمة
المحافظة 		تاريخ
الإنشاء 		مساحة
الأرض
كم² (ميل²)[15] 		مساحة
المياه
الداخلية
كم² (ميل²)[15] 		المساحة
الإجمالية
كم² (ميل²)[15] 		التعداد
(2012)[16] 		الكثافة
السكانية
/كم²
(للميل²)[أ]
  وسط سريلانكا   كاندي 1 October 1833 5,575 (2,153) 99 (38) 5,674 (2,191) 2,571,557 461 (1,190)
 شرق سريلانكا   ترنكومالي 1 October 1833 9,361 (3,614) 635 (245) 9,996 (3,859) 1,555,510 166 (430)
 شمال وسط سريلانكا   أنوراداپورا 1873 9,741 (3,761) 731 (282) 10,472 (4,043) 1,266,663 130 (340)
  شمال سريلانكا   جافنا 1 October 1833 8,290 (3,200) 594 (229) 8,884 (3,430) 1,061,315 128 (330)
 شمال غرب سريلانكا   Kurunegala 1845 7,506 (2,898) 382 (147) 7,888 (3,046) 2,380,861 317 (820)
  محافظة سبراگاموا   Ratnapura 1889 4,921 (1,900) 47 (18) 4,968 (1,918) 1,928,655 392 (1,020)
 جنوب سريلانكا   گالى 1 October 1833 5,383 (2,078) 161 (62) 5,544 (2,141) 2,477,285 460 (1,200)
  محافظة أوڤا   بادولا 1886 8,335 (3,218) 165 (64) 8,500 (3,300) 1,266,463 152 (390)
 غرب سريلانكا   كولومبو 1 October 1833 3,593 (1,387) 91 (35) 3,684 (1,422) 5,851,130 1,628 (4,220)
الإجمالي 62,705 (24,211) 2,905 (1,122) 65,610 (25,330) 20,359,439 325 (840)


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See also

Notes

  1. ^ الكثافة السكانية محسوبة باستخدام مساحة الأرض وليس المساحة الكلية.

References

  1. ^ Law, Gwillim (2010). "Provinces of Sri Lanka". statoids.com. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  2. ^ أ ب "Introduction". Provincial Councils. Government of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 7 July 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  3. ^ أ ب "The Colebrooke-Cameron Reforms". Sri Lanka. Library of Congress. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  4. ^ Mills, Lennox A. (1933). Ceylon Under British Rule 1795–1932. London: Oxford University Press/Humphrey S. Milford. p. 68. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  5. ^ Mendis 1946, p. 39.
  6. ^ أ ب Samarasinghe, L. M. (21 March 2003). "River basins as administrative divisions". Daily News (Sri Lanka).
  7. ^ أ ب "Sinhala Colonisation in the Hereditary Tamil Regions of the Island of Sri Lanka". UN Commission on Human Rights 56th Sessions: March/April 2000. Tamil Nation. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  8. ^ Karalliyadda, S. B. (4 February 2009). "Independence Struggle for a Hundred and Thirty Three Years". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  9. ^ Mendis 1946, p. 51.
  10. ^ أ ب Mendis 1946, p. 84.
  11. ^ Mendis 1946, p. 85.
  12. ^ أ ب ت Selvanayagam, S. S. (17 October 2006). "North-East merger illegal: SC". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 3 April 2013.
  13. ^ Sambandan, V. S. (14 November 2003). "Sri Lanka's North-East to remain united for another year". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2004.
  14. ^ "Sri Lanka Province and their attraction". Sri Lanka Province and their attraction. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  15. ^ أ ب ت "Table 1.1: Area of Sri Lanka by province and district" (PDF). Statistical Abstract 2014. Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka.
  16. ^ "Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 – Table A1: Population by district, sex and sector" (PDF). Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka.

Bibliography

External links

قالب:Provinces of Sri Lanka

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