پروڤانس

The modern region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

The historical province of Provence (orange) within the modern region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in southeast France

پروڤانس Provence (النطق الفرنسي: [pʁɔ.vɑ̃s]; Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm, تُنطق [pʀuˈvɛⁿsɔ]) هي المنطقة الجغرافية والتاريخية لمحافظة جنوب شرق فرنساـ والتي تمتد من الضفة اليسرى من أسفل نهر الرون في الغرب إلى الحدود الإيطالية على الشرق، ويحدها البحر الأبيض المتوسط ​​في الجنوب.

معرض صور پروڤانس

• 
  Mont Ventoux and a field of lavender
• 
  The old port of Marseille.
• 
  Place Republique in Arles
• 
  Moustiers-Sainte-Marie, in Upper Provence
• 
  Provençal country road lined with plane trees
• 
  Flamingos in the Camargue.

التاريخ

•  مقالة مفصلة: تاريخ پروڤانس

انظر أيضاً: Lower Burgundy

عصور ما قبل التاريخ

The entrance to the Cosquer Cave, decorated with paintings of auks, bison, seals and outlines of hands dating to 27,000 to 19,000 BC, is located 37 meters under the surface of the Calanque de Morgiou near Cassis.

A bronze-age dolmen (2500 to 900 BC) near Draguignan

اليونانيون في پروڤانس

Remains of the ancient harbor of Massalia, near the Old Port of Marseille

پروڤانس الرومانية (القرن 2 قبل الميلاد إلى القرن 5 م)

Pont du Gard, first century BC

The Roman arena at Arles (2nd century AD)

The baptistery of Fréjus Cathedral (5th century) is still in use

الغزوات الجرمانية، Merovingians والكارولينجية (القرن 5-9)

King Boson and San Stephen (fragment of fresco at Charlieu Abbey)

حكام پروڤانس (من القرن 13-19)

The Catalan Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Provence, in the Castle in Fos, painted by Marià Fortuny (Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi, on deposit at the Palace of the Generalitat of Catalonia, Barcelona).

The Coat of Arms of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and his descendants, who as Counts of Provence ruled Provence from 1112 until 1246

Coat of Arms of the Counts of Provence of the House of Valois-Anjou, who ruled Provence from 1246 until it became part of France in 1486

The Church of Saint Trophime in Arles (12th century)

الباباوات في أڤينيون (14 قرن)

•  مقالة مفصلة: أڤينيون البابوية

The façade of the Palais des Papes.

الملك رينيه الطيب، آخر حاكم پروڤانس

Detail of the Burning Bush triptych by Nicolas Froment, showing René and his wife Jeanne de Laval

The Chateau of René in Tarascon (15th century)

1486 حتى 1789

View of Toulon Harbour around 1750, by Joseph Vernet.

Marseille in 1754, by Vernet

خلال الثورة الفرنسية

•  مقالة مفصلة: الثورة الفرنسية

La Marseillaise 1792

القرن 19

Marseille in 1825

القرن 20

U.S. 3rd Infantry Division landing at Cavalaire-sur-Mer

الجغرافيا والمساحة

The Roman Province of Gallia Narbonensis around 58 BC

Location of Comté de Provence

الأنهار

The Rhone at Avignon

الجبال

Vallon de Mollières, Mercantour National Park.

Alpilles landscape near Le Destet.

View of Mont Ventoux from Mirabel-aux-Baronnies.

Mont Sainte-Victoire, painted by Paul Cézanne

The massif des Maures

المناخ

Mistral wind blowing near Marseille. In the center is the Château d'If

Sisteron – la Baume rock

Forcalquier Cathedral

اللغة والأدب

•  مقالات مفصلة: اللغة الأُكْسِيتَانِيَّة
• الأدب الأُكْسِيتَانِيَّة

Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, from a collection of troubadour songs, BNF Richelieu Manuscrits Français 854, Bibliothèque Nationale Française, Paris.

الكتاب والشعراء في اللغة الأُكْسِيتَانِيَّة

"Folquet de Marselha" in a 13th-century chansonnier. Depicted in his episcopal robes

مؤلفون فرنسيون

Alphonse Daudet

Colette

رسامون

The 14th-century ceiling of the cloister of Fréjus Cathedral is decorated with paintings of animals, people and mythical creatures

Triptych of the Burning Bush, by Nicolas Froment, in Aix Cathedral (15th century)

Paul Cézanne, L'Estaque, 1883–1885

Cafe Terrace at Night, September 1888.

Paul Signac, The Port of Saint-Tropez, oil on canvas, 1901

المتنزهات والحدائق في پروڤانس

•  مقالة مفصلة: Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

المطبخ

An Aïoli made of garlic, salt, egg yolk and olive oil

Pissaladière

A bowl of ratatouille with bread

Socca of Nice also known as La Cade in Toulon

The Calissons from Aix

النبيذ

•  مقالة مفصلة: نبيذ پروڤانس

Pastis

A glass of diluted pastis

Men playing pétanque next to the Port St. Louis in Toulon

Cochonnet next to the boule

انظر أيضاً

• Bastide (Provençal manor)
• French Riviera
• Rulers of Provence
• Mas (Provençal farmhouse)
• Saint Sarah
• Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
• Santon (figurine)

قائمة المراجع

• Edouard Baratier (editor), Histoire de la Provence, Editions Privat, Toulouse, 1990 (ISBN 2-7089-1649-1)
• Aldo Bastié, Histoire de la Provence, Editions Ouest-France, 2001.
• Michel Vergé-Franceschi, Toulon – Port Royal (1481–1789). Tallandier: Paris, 2002.
• Cyrille Roumagnac, L'Arsenal de Toulon et la Royale, Editions Alan Sutton, 2001
• Jim Ring, Riviera, The Rise and Fall of the Côte d'Azur, John Murray Publishers, London 2004
• Marco Foyot, Alain Dupuy, Louis Dalmas, Pétanque – Technique, Tactique, Entrainement, Robert Laffont, Paris, 1984.
• Denizeau, Gerard, Histoire Visuelle des Monuments de France, Larousse, 2003
• LeMoine, Bertrand, Guide d'architecture, France, 20e siecle, Picard, Paris 2000
• Jean-Louis André, Jean-François Mallet, Jean daniel Sudres, Cuisines des pays de France, Éditions du Chêne, Hachette Livre, Paris 2001
• Prosper Mérimée, Notes de voyages, ed. Pierre-Marie Auzas (1971)
• Martin Garrett, Provence: a Cultural History (2006)
• James Pope-Hennessy, Aspects of Provence (1988)
• Laura Raison (ed.), The South of France: an Anthology (1985)

وصلات خارجية

ابحث عن پروڤانس في
قاموس المعرفة.

• Media related to پروڤانس at Wikimedia Commons
• Official Provence area Tourist Board Provence area Tourist Board
• Official PACA Tourist Board Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur Tourist Board
• Areas of Provence Aix-en-Provence Tourist Office