قائمة أشباه ثنائيات الرحم
(تم التحويل من List of didelphimorphs)
Didelphimorphia is an order of marsupial mammals. Members of this order are called didelphimorphs, or opossums. They are primarily found in South America, though some are found in Central America and Mexico and one, the Virginia opossum, ranges into the United States and Canada. They have a variety of sizes, shapes, and fur patterns, and range in size from the 6 cm (2 in) (plus 9 cm (4 in) tail) Kalinowski's mouse opossum to the 55 cm (22 in) (plus 54 cm (21 in) tail) Virginia opossum. Didelphimorphs are primarily found in forests, as well as savannas, shrublands, and grasslands. Almost no population estimates have been made for didelphimorph species, though the one-striped opossum is classified as Critically Endangered with a population of less than ten, Handley's slender opossum is also critically endangered, and the red-bellied gracile opossum is extinct, having last been seen in 1962.
The 92 extant species of Didelphimorphia are grouped into a single family, Didelphidae, which is divided into four subfamilies: Caluromyinae, containing four species in two genera; Glironiinae, containing a single species; Hyladelphinae, also with a single species; and Didelphinae, containing 86 species split between 14 genera. Over one hundred extinct Didelphimorph species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]
Conventions
| حالة الحفاظ | |
|---|---|
| EX | منقرض (1 نوع) |
| EW | منقرض في البرية (0 نوع) |
| CR | خطر ماحق (2 نوع) |
| EN | خطر (0 نوع) |
| VU | مهدد (5 نوع) |
| NT | قرب التهديد (4 نوع) |
| LC | بلا قلق (67 نوع) |
| تصنيفات أخرى | |
| DD | تنقصه البيانات (14 نوع) |
| NE | غير مقيَّم (0 نوع) |
The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the didelphimorph's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "
".
التبويب
The order Didelphimorphia consists of one family, Didelphidae, which is divided into the subfamilies Caluromyinae, Glironiinae, Hyladelphinae, and Didelphinae. Caluromyinae contains 4 species in 2 genera, Glironiinae and Hyladelphinae each contain a single species, and Didelphinae contains 86 extant species in 14 genera, as well as the extinct red-bellied gracile opossum, which was last seen in 1962. Many of these species are further subdivided into subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.[2][3]
Family Didelphidae
- Subfamily Caluromyinae
- Genus Caluromys (woolly opossums): three species
- Genus Caluromysiops (black-shouldered opossum): one species
- Subfamily Didelphinae
- Genus Chacodelphys (Chacoan pygmy opossum): one species
- Genus Chironectes (water opossum): one species
- Genus Cryptonanus (slender mouse opossums): five species (one extinct)
- Genus Didelphis (large American opossums): six species
- Genus Gracilinanus (gracile opossums): six species
- Genus Lestodelphys (Patagonian opossum): one species
- Genus Lutreolina (lutrine opossums): two species
- Genus Marmosa (mouse opossums): fifteen species
- Genus Marmosops (slender opossums): seventeen species
- Genus Metachirus: (brown four-eyed opossums): one species
- Genus Monodelphis (short-tailed opossums): seventeen species
- Genus Philander (gray and black four-eyed opossums): five species
- Genus Thylamys (fat-tailed mouse opossums): nine species
- Genus Tlacuatzin (gray mouse opossums): one species
- Subfamily Glironiinae
- Genus Glironia (bushy-tailed opossum): one species
- Subfamily Hyladelphinae
- Genus Hyladelphys (Kalinowski's mouse opossum): one species
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|
Didelphimorphs
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4][5]
Subfamily Caluromyinae
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bare-tailed woolly opossum
|
C. philander (Linnaeus, 1758) Four subspecies
|
Eastern and northeastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 16–28 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 25–41 cm (10–16 in) tail[6] الموئل: Forest[7] المأكل: Fruit, as well as gum, nectar, small vertebrates, and invertebrates[7] |
LC
|
| Brown-eared woolly opossum | C. lanatus (Olfers, 1818) Four subspecies
|
Central and northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 20–32 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail[8] الموئل: Forest[9] المأكل: Fruit, invertebrates, and some small vertebrates, as well as nectar and flowers[9] |
LC
|
| Derby's woolly opossum
|
C. derbianus (Waterhouse, 1841) Six subspecies
|
Central American and northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 38–45 cm (15–18 in) tail[10] الموئل: Forest[11] المأكل: Fruit, seeds, leaves, soft vegetables, insects, and other small invertebrates[11] |
LC
|
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| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black-shouldered opossum
|
C. irrupta Sanborn, 1951 |
West-central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 25–33 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 31–34 cm (12–13 in) tail[12] الموئل: Forest[13] المأكل: Flowers and fruit, as well as small rodents[13] |
LC
|
Subfamily Didelphinae
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chacoan pygmy opossum
|
C. formosa (Shamel, 1930) |
Northeastern Argentina خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail[14] الموئل: Shrubland[15] المأكل: Unknown[14] |
NT
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water opossum | C. minimus (Zimmermann, 1780) Four subspecies
|
Central America, northern South America, southeastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 27–40 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 30–43 cm (12–17 in) tail[16] الموئل: Forest and inland wetlands[17] المأكل: Fish, crabs, other crustaceans, and insects, as well as frogs[17] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricola's gracile opossum | C. agricolai (Moojen, 1943) |
Eastern Brazil خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail[18] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[19] المأكل: Unknown |
DD
|
| Chacoan gracile opossum
|
C. chacoensis (Tate, 1931) |
Southern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[18] الموئل: Forest and grassland[20] المأكل: Unknown fruit and insects[21] |
LC
|
| Guahiba gracile opossum
|
C. guahybae (Tate, 1931) |
Southern Brazil خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 11 cm (4 in) tail[18] الموئل: Forest and grassland[22] المأكل: Unknown |
DD
|
| Red-bellied gracile opossum
|
C. ignitus Díaz, Flores, Barquez, 2002 |
Northwestern Argentina | الحجم: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail[18] الموئل: Forest[23] المأكل: Unknown |
EX
|
| Unduavi gracile opossum
|
C. unduaviensis (Shamel, 1930) |
Northern Bolivia خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[18] الموئل: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands[24] المأكل: Unknown |
DD
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andean white-eared opossum | D. pernigra J. A. Allen, 1900 |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25] الموئل: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[26] المأكل: Small vertebrates, carrion, invertebrates, and plants[25] |
LC
|
| Big-eared opossum
|
D. aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826) |
Eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[27] المأكل: Arthropods and fruit, as well as other invertebrates and small vertebrates[28] |
LC
|
| Common opossum
|
D. marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 Two subspecies
|
Central American and northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 26–43 cm (10–17 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail[29] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[30] المأكل: Omnivorous; eats invertebrates, vertebrates, leaves, fruit, nectar, and carrion[29] |
LC
|
| Guianan white-eared opossum
|
D. imperfecta Mondolfi, Hernández, 1984 |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25] الموئل: Forest[31] المأكل: Omnivorous; primarily fruit and insects[31] |
LC
|
| Virginia opossum
|
D. virginiana Kerr, 1792 Four subspecies
|
North America and Central America
|
الحجم: 33–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[32] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[33] المأكل: Omnivorous, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plant material, fruits, grains and carrion[32] |
LC
|
| White-eared opossum
|
D. albiventris Lund, 1840 |
Eastern and southern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25] الموئل: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[34] المأكل: Small vertebrates, carrion, invertebrates, and plants[25] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aceramarca gracile opossum
|
G. aceramarcae (Tate, 1931) |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[35] الموئل: Forest[36] المأكل: Fruit, insects and other small invertebrates[36] |
LC
|
| Agile gracile opossum | G. agilis (Burmeister, 1854) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[37] الموئل: Forest[38] المأكل: Insects and fruit[39] |
LC
|
| Brazilian gracile opossum | G. microtarsus (Wagner, 1842) Two subspecies
|
Southeastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail[40] الموئل: Forest[41] المأكل: Insects, other invertebrates, and fruit[40] |
LC
|
| Emilia's gracile opossum
|
G. emiliae (Thomas, 1909) |
Scattered northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[42] الموئل: Forest[43] المأكل: Believed to be insects and fruit[42] |
DD
|
| Northern gracile opossum
|
G. marica (Thomas, 1898) |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail[44] الموئل: Forest and grassland[45] المأكل: Believed to be insects and fruit[44] |
LC
|
| Wood sprite gracile opossum
|
G. dryas (Thomas, 1898) |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[46] الموئل: Forest[47] المأكل: Believed to be insects and fruit[46] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patagonian opossum
|
L. halli (Thomas, 1921) |
Southern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail[48] الموئل: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[49] المأكل: Invertebrates, as well as birds, reptiles, and fruit[48] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big lutrine opossum | L. crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804) Two subspecies
|
Scattered South America (Massoia's lutrine opossum in red) خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 26–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 24–30 cm (9–12 in) tail[50] الموئل: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands[51] المأكل: Omnivorous; crabs, beetles, amphibians, birds, seeds, and vegetation, as well as other invertebrates, fish, and small mammals[50] |
LC
|
| Massoia's lutrine opossum
|
L. massoia Martínez-Lanfranco, Flores, Jayat, D'Elía, 2014 |
South-central South America (big lutrine opossum in green) خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 18–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[52] الموئل: Forest and grassland[53] المأكل: Small mammals, fish, and invertebrates, as well as bird eggs and fruit[52] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alston's mouse opossum | M. alstoni (Allen, 1900) |
Central America, northwestern tip of South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 24–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[54] الموئل: Forest[55] المأكل: Insects, small vertebrates, and fruit[55] |
LC
|
| Bare-tailed woolly mouse opossum
|
M. regina Thomas, 1924 |
Western South America | الحجم: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 21–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[56] الموئل: Forest[56] المأكل: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57] |
NE
|
| Guajira mouse opossum
|
M. xerophila Handley, Gordon, 1979 |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[58] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[59] المأكل: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, bird eggs, and small rodents[59] |
VU
|
| Heavy-browed mouse opossum
|
M. andersoni Pine, 1972 |
Peru خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[60] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit[61] |
DD
|
| Linnaeus's mouse opossum | M. murina (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Northern and eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[62] الموئل: Forest[63] المأكل: Insects, small animals, and fruit[63] |
LC
|
| Little woolly mouse opossum
|
M. phaea Thomas, 1899 |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[64] المأكل: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57] |
NT
|
| Mexican mouse opossum | M. mexicana Merriam, 1897 Three subspecies
|
Mexico and Central America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail[58] الموئل: Forest and grassland[65] المأكل: Insects and fruit, as well as small rodents, lizards, birds, and eggs[65] |
LC
|
| Quechuan mouse opossum
|
M. quichua Wagner, 1842 |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[66] المأكل: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57] |
LC
|
| Red mouse opossum
|
M. rubra Tate, 1931 |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 18–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[58] الموئل: Forest[67] المأكل: Insects and fruit[68] |
DD
|
| Robinson's mouse opossum
|
M. robinsoni Bangs, 1898 Six subspecies
|
Northern South America and Central America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[58] الموئل: Forest and savanna[69] المأكل: Fruit and insects[69] |
LC
|
| Rufous mouse opossum | M. lepida (Thomas, 1888) |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[70] المأكل: Insects and fruit[70] |
LC
|
| Tate's woolly mouse opossum | M. paraguayana Tate, 1931 Two subspecies
|
Southeastern South America | الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[71] المأكل: Omnivorous and insectivorous[71] |
LC
|
| Tyler's mouse opossum
|
M. tyleriana Tate, 1931 |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[72] المأكل: Insects as well as fruit[73] |
DD
|
| White-bellied woolly mouse opossum
|
M. constantiae Thomas, 1904 |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[74] المأكل: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57] |
LC
|
| Woolly mouse opossum
|
M. demerarae Thomas, 1905 Four subspecies
|
Northeastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57] الموئل: Forest[75] المأكل: Insects, small animals, fruit, and nectar[75] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andean Slender Mouse Opossum
|
M. caucae (Thomas, 1900) |
Northwestern South America | الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[77] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Bishop's slender opossum
|
M. bishopi (Pine, 1981) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[79] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Brazilian slender opossum
|
M. paulensis (Tate, 1931) |
Southeastern Brazil خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[80] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Creighton's slender opossum
|
M. creightoni Voss, Tarifa, Yensen, 2004 |
Zongo River valley in Bolivia خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[81] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
DD
|
| Delicate slender opossum
|
M. parvidens (Tate, 1931) |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[82] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Dusky slender opossum
|
M. fuscatus (Thomas, 1896) Two subspecies
|
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[83] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
DD
|
| Gray slender opossum | M. incanus (Lund, 1841) |
Eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[84] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Handley's slender opossum
|
M. handleyi (Pine, 1981) |
Central Columbia خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[85] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
CR
|
| Junin slender opossum
|
M. juninensis (Tate, 1931) |
Central Peru خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[86] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
VU
|
| Narrow-headed slender opossum
|
M. cracens Handley, Gordon, 1979 |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[87] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
DD
|
| Neblina slender opossum
|
M. neblina Gardner, 1990 |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[88] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Panama slender opossum
|
M. invictus (Goldman, 1921) |
Panama خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[89] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Pantepui slender opossum
|
M. pakaraimae Voss, Lim, Díaz-Nieto, Jansa, 2013 |
Northern South America | الحجم: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[90] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
VU
|
| Pinheiro's slender opossum
|
M. pinheiroi (Pine, 1981) |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[78] الموئل: Forest[91] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Spectacled slender opossum
|
M. ocellatus (Tate, 1931) |
Bolivia | الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[92] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| Tschudi's slender opossum
|
M. impavidus Tschudi, 1844 |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[93] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| White-bellied slender opossum | M. noctivagus (Tschudi, 1844) |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76] الموئل: Forest[94] المأكل: Insects and fruit[76] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown four-eyed opossum
|
M. nudicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1803) Four subspecies
|
South America and Central America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 19–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 19–39 cm (7–15 in) tail[95] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[96] المأكل: Insects and other invertebrates, as well as fruit, seeds, and small mammals[95] |
LC
|
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| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazonian red-sided opossum
|
M. glirina (Wagner, 1842) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[98] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Emilia's short-tailed opossum
|
M. emiliae (Thomas, 1912) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[99] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Gray short-tailed opossum
|
M. domestica (Wagner, 1842) |
Central and eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus tail[100] الموئل: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[101] المأكل: Insects, fruits, and small animals[100] |
LC
|
| Handley's short-tailed opossum
|
M. handleyi Solari, 2007 |
Central South America | الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[102] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
DD
|
| Hooded red-sided opossum
|
M. palliolata (Osgood, 1914) |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[103] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Ihering's three-striped opossum
|
M. iheringi (Thomas, 1888) |
Eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest and unknown[104] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
DD
|
| Long-nosed short-tailed opossum | M. scalops (Thomas, 1888) |
Eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[105] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Northern red-sided opossum | M. brevicaudata (Erxleben, 1777) |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[106] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Northern three-striped opossum | M. americana (Müller, 1776) |
Eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[107] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| One-striped opossum
|
M. unistriata (Wagner, 1842) |
Southeastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[108] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
CR
|
| Osgood's short-tailed opossum
|
M. osgoodi Doutt, 1938 |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[109] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Peruvian short-tailed opossum
|
M. peruviana (Osgood, 1913) |
Peru | الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[110] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Pygmy short-tailed opossum
|
M. kunsi Pine, 1975 |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest and savanna[111] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Reig's opossum
|
M. reigi Lew, Pérez-Hernández, 2004 |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[112] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
VU
|
| Ronald's opossum
|
M. ronaldi Solari, 2004 |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest[113] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| Sepia short-tailed opossum
|
M. adusta (Thomas, 1897) |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail[114] الموئل: Forest[115] المأكل: Invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates[114] |
LC
|
| Yellow-sided opossum
|
M. dimidiata (Wagner, 1847) |
Southern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97] الموئل: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands[116] المأكل: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson's four-eyed opossum | P. andersoni (Osgood, 1913) |
Northwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail[117] الموئل: Forest[118] المأكل: Insects, other small invertebrates, eggs, and fruit[117] |
LC
|
| Deltaic four-eyed opossum
|
P. deltae Lew, Pérez-Hernández, Ventura, 2006 |
Northern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 20–38 cm (8–15 in) long, plus 19–36 cm (7–14 in) tail[119] الموئل: Forest and inland wetlands[120] المأكل: Small mammals, other small vertebrates, eggs, insects, other invertebrates, fruit, and carrion[119] |
LC
|
| Gray four-eyed opossum | P. opossum (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies
|
Northern and central South America and Central America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 19–36 cm (7–14 in) tail[121] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[122] المأكل: Omnivorous, including invertebrates, small animals, leaves, bark, seeds, nuts, nectar, and fruit[121] |
LC
|
| McIlhenny's four-eyed opossum
|
P. mcilhennyi Gardner, Patton, 1972 |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 28–31 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 26–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[123] الموئل: Forest[124] المأكل: Believed to be omnivorous[123] |
LC
|
| Southeastern four-eyed opossum
|
P. frenatus Olfers, 1818 |
خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 21–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 17–32 cm (7–13 in) tail[125] الموئل: Forest[126] المأكل: Omnivorous, including flowers, fruit, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[126] |
LC
|
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. sponsorius (Thomas, 1921) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Shrubland[128] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
LC
|
| Buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. venustus (Thomas, 1902) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[129] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
DD
|
| Common fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. pusillus (Desmarest, 1804) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–14 cm (3–6 in) tail[130] الموئل: Forest and savanna[131] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
LC
|
| Dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. velutinus (Wagner, 1842) |
Eastern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[132] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
NT
|
| Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) |
Southwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[133] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
LC
|
| Karimi's fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. karimii (Petter, 1968) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Forest and savanna[134] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
VU
|
| Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. macrurus (Olfers, 1818) |
Central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[135] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
NT
|
| Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. tatei (Handley, 1957) |
Western South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127] الموئل: Shrubland and desert[136] المأكل: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127] |
DD
|
| White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum
|
T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902) |
Southwestern South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[137] الموئل: Shrubland and desert[138] المأكل: Arthropods, as well as leaves, fruit, and seeds[137] |
LC
|
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| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grayish mouse opossum | T. canescens (Allen, 1893) |
Southern Mexico | الحجم: 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 9–17 cm (4–7 in) tail[139] الموئل: Forest and shrubland[140] المأكل: Insects and fruit[139] |
LC
|
Subfamily Glironiinae
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bushy-tailed opossum
|
G. venusta Thomas, 1912 |
West-central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail[141] الموئل: Forest[142] المأكل: Insects, seeds, fruit, and eggs[142] |
LC
|
Subfamily Hyladelphinae
| الاسم الشائع | الاسم العلمي ودون النوع | النطاق | الحجم والبيئة | وضع IUCN وتقدير التعداد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalinowski's mouse opossum
|
H. kalinowskii (Hershkovitz, 1992) |
North-central South America خريطة النطاق |
الحجم: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[143] الموئل: Forest[144] المأكل: Unknown |
LC
|
References
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Teta, P.; Martin, G. M. (2016). "Cryptonanus chacoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136845A22177997. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136845A22177997.en.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Flores, D. (2016). "Cryptonanus ignitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41320A22177809. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41320A22177809.en.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ Cusick, Patrick (2013). "Didelphis aurita". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب ت Pérez-Hernandez, R.; López Fuster, M.; Ventura, J.; Lew, D. (2016). "Didelphis imperfecta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136592A22176554. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136592A22176554.en.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ Martina, Leila Siciliano (2013). "Gracilinanus aceramarcae". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Martina, Leila Siciliano (2013). "Gracilinanus emiliae". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ Voss, R. S.; Giarla, T. C.; Jansa, S. A. (2021). "A Revision of the Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosa Part 4. Species of the Alstoni Group (Subgenus Micoureus)". American Museum Novitates (3983): 1–31. doi:10.1206/3983.1. S2CID 244957917.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|errata=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Solari, S. (2015). "Marmosa andersoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T12812A22174790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T12812A22174790.en.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; López Fuster, M.; Ventura, J. (2016). "Marmosa tyleriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12816A22174266. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12816A22174266.en.
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- ^ أ ب ت Brito, D.; Astúa, D.; Lew, D.; Soriano, P. (2021). "Marmosa demerarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T40510A197309091. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40510A197309091.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ Nowak, p. 79
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- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د Díaz-Nieto, J. F.; Voss, R. S. (2016). "A Revision Of The Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosops, Part 1. Species Of The Subgenus Sciophanes". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 402: 1–72. doi:10.1206/0003-0090-402.1.1. S2CID 88923233.
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- ^ أ ب Martin, G. M. (2021). "Marmosops paulensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136278A197314231. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136278A197314231.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Tarifa, T. (2016). "Marmosops creightoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136803A22178229. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136803A22178229.en.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Ventura, J.; López Fuster, M. (2016). "Marmosops fuscatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12819A22179192. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12819A22179192.en.
- ^ أ ب Brito, D.; Astúa, D.; Lew, D.; Soriano, P.; Emmons, L. (2021). "Marmosops incanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12822A197313574. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T12822A197313574.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Cáceres, N. (2016). "Marmosops handleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12820A22179321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12820A22179321.en.
- ^ أ ب Peralta, M.; Solari, S. (2016). "Marmosops juninensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136364A22178449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136364A22178449.en.
- ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; López Fuster, M.; Ventura, J. (2016). "Marmosops cracens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12817A22179053. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12817A22179053.en.
- ^ أ ب Solari, S.; Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Cáceres, N.; Astúa, D. (2021). "Marmosops neblina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136830A197314373. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136830A197314373.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Martin, G. M. (2016). "Marmosops invictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T12823A115106311. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T12823A22178866.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|errata=ignored (help) - ^ Martin, G. M. (2016). "Marmosops pakaraimae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T51221900A51221937. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T51221900A51221937.en.
- ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Cáceres, N. (2016). "Marmosops pinheiroi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136573A22178537. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136573A22178537.en.
- ^ أ ب Tarifa, T. (2016). "Marmosops ocellatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136842A22178618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136842A22178618.en.
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- ^ أ ب Solari, S.; Tarifa, T.; Astúa, D.; Cáceres, N. (2021). "Marmosops noctivagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T40508A197313291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40508A197313291.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Martina, Leila Siciliano (2014). "Metachirus nudicaudatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي أأ أب Nowak, pp. 53–55
- ^ أ ب Brito, D.; Astúa, D.; Solari, S. (2021). "Monodelphis glirina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T97249272A197321380. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T97249272A197321380.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Patton, J. L.; Percequillo, A. R. (2015). "Monodelphis emiliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T13694A22170338. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13694A22170338.en.
- ^ أ ب Moore, David (2006). "Monodelphis domestica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Solari, S. (2016). "Monodelphis handleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T199833A115345427. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T199833A22171921.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|errata=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Ventura, J.; López Fuster, M. (2016). "Monodelphis palliolata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136516A22172033. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136516A22172033.en.
- ^ أ ب Pavan, S. (2021). "Monodelphis iheringi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T13695A197307475. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13695A197307475.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Brito, D.; Pavan, S. (2016). "Monodelphis scalops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T97249078A97249081. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T97249078A97249081.en.
- ^ أ ب Catzeflis, F.; Costa, P.; Lew D., Soriano; P. (2015). "Monodelphis brevicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T40513A22171441. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T40513A22171441.en.
- ^ أ ب Astúa, D.; Cáceres, N.; Brito, D.; Costa, L. P. (2021). "Monodelphis americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T96866849A197321762. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T96866849A197321762.en.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Pavan, S. (2016). "Monodelphis unistriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13703A22171555. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T13703A22171555.en.
- ^ أ ب Solari, S.; Tarifa, T. (2015). "Monodelphis osgoodi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T13698A22171354. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13698A22171354.en.
- ^ أ ب Solari, S. (2016). "Monodelphis peruviana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T51342998A51343019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T51342998A51343019.en.
- ^ أ ب Solari, S.; Vilela, J.; Tarifa, T. (2015). "Monodelphis kunsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T13696A22170540. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13696A22170540.en.
- ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Ventura, J.; López Fuster, M. (2016). "Monodelphis reigi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136392A22170127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136392A22170127.en.
- ^ أ ب Solari, S. (2015). "Monodelphis ronaldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T136404A22171753. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136404A22171753.en.
- ^ أ ب Kroeker, Kathryn (2017). "Monodelphis adusta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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- ^ أ ب Teta, P.; Martin, G. M. (2016). "Monodelphis dimidiata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13693A22170430. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13693A22170430.en.
- ^ أ ب Cable, Rachel (2013). "Philander andersoni". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Nowak, p. 71
- ^ أ ب Pérez-Hernandez, R.; Ventura, J.; López Fuster, M. (2016). "Philander deltae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136227A22177383. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136227A22177383.en.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ Cable, Rachel (2013). "Philander frenatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض Nowak, p. 90
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|amends=ignored (help) - ^ أ ب Solari, S.; Palma, E. (2016). "Thylamys elegans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T40517A22172461. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40517A22172461.en.
- ^ أ ب Carmignotto, A. P.; Costa, L. P.; Astúa, D. (2021). "Thylamys karimii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136653A197308408. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136653A197308408.en.
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- ^ أ ب Nowak, p. 56
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- ^ Nowak, p. 50
- ^ أ ب Astúa, D.; Cáceres, N.; Brito, D.; Costa, L. P. (2021). "Hyladelphys kalinowskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T9422A197309523. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T9422A197309523.en.
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المصادر
- Burnie, David (2017). Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide. DK. ISBN 978-1-4654-7086-7.
- Nowak, Ronald M. (2018). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. Monotremes, Marsupials, Afrotherians, Xenarthrans, and Sundatherians. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2468-2.
- Gardner, Alfred L. (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.