المعرفة

هبة الله أخونزاده

(تم التحويل من Hibatullah Akhundzada)

هبة الله أخونزاده (Pashto: ھیبت الله اخوندزاده؛ إنگليزية: Hibatullah Akhundzada؛ و. 1961)[1] هو قائد سياسي وديني والقائد الأعلى الثالث لحركة طالبان وإمارة أفغانستان الإسلامية.[2] تُطلق عليه طالبان لقب أمير المؤمنين، اللقب الذي كان يحمله سلفيه السابقين.[3]

هبة الله أخونزاده
هبت الله اخونزاده
Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada.jpg
القائد الأعلى لإمارة أفغانستان الإسلامية - رقم 3
الحالي
تولى المنصب
25 مايو 2016
سبقه أختر منصور
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد 1961
پانجاوي، أفغانستان
الخدمة العسكرية
الولاء إمارة أفغانستان الإسلامية طالبان
سنوات الخدمة 1996–الحاضر
الرتبة القائد الأعلى

ينتمي أخونزاده إلى قبيلة نورزئی من قندهار.[1] عاش أخونزاده في أفغانستان وپاكستان لعدة سنوات.[4]

يشتهر أخونزاده بالفتاوى المتعلقة بشئون طالبان.[5] He served as the head of the Sharia courts of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.[1] على عكس الكثير من قادة طالبان، يعتبر أخونزادة قائداً دينياً أكثر من كونها قائداً عسكرياً.[6] في مايو 2016، أُنتخب أخونزاده قائداً لطالبان، في أعقاب قمتل القائد السابق أختر منصور، في هجوم بمسيرة.[6]

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السنوات المبكرة والتعليم

وُلد أخونزاده عام 1961 في ضلع پانجاوي بولاية قندهار في مملكة أفغانستان.[1] ينتمي أخونزاده إلى قبيلة نورزئی الپشتونية.[1] كان والده، أحمد أخوند، رجل دين وإمام مسجد القرية.[7]

Not owning any land or orchards of their own, the family depended on what the congregation paid his father in cash or in a portion of their crops. Akhundzada studied under his father.[8] The family migrated to Quetta after the Soviet invasion.[4] Akhundzada leads a number of madrassas, or religious schools, in Pakistan's southwestern Balochistan province.[9]


حياته العسكرية والسياسية

السنوات المبكرة

In the 1980s, Akhundzada was involved in the resistance against the Soviet military campaign in Afghanistan.[6] In 1994, he became one of the early members of the Taliban.[10] After Farah Province was captured by the Taliban, Akhundzada was put in charge of fighting crime in the area.[6] Later, he was appointed as the head of Taliban's military court in eastern Nangarhar province.[6] Akhundzada also served as the deputy head of the Supreme Court.[6] When the Taliban captured the capital Kabul in 1996, Akhundzada was appointed as a member of the Department of the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice.[11] He later moved to Kandahar and was put in charge of the training of 100,000 students at Jihadi Madrasa, a seminary.[11]

After the US-led coalition in 2001, Akhundzada became the head of the group's council of religious scholars.[6] Akhundzada was later appointed as Chief Justice of the Sharia Courts of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.[6] Akhundzada also became the advisor of Mullah Omar.[12] Rather than a military commander, he has a reputation as a religious leader who was responsible for issuing most of the Taliban's fatwas and settling religious issues among members of the Taliban.[13] Both Mullah Omar and Mullah Mansour are known to have consulted Akhundzada on matters of fatwa.[14]

Akhundzada is believed to have lived in Afghanistan throughout the 2001–2016 period with no travel record, though he has close ties with the Quetta-based Taliban Shura.[13] After his promotion to deputy leader of the Taliban in 2015, Akhundzada put in place a system under which a commission would be formed under the shadow governor in every province that could investigate abusive commanders or fighters, according to Mullah Abdul Bari, a Taliban commander in Helmand.[15]

زعيم طالبان

Akhundzada was appointed as the Taliban supreme commander on 25 May 2016 as the replacement for Mullah Akhtar Mansour. Akhundzada was previously a deputy for Mansour. Mohammad Yaqoob and Sirajuddin Haqqani both worked as Akhundzada's deputies.[16] According to sources from the Taliban, Mansour had already named Akhundzada as his successor in his will.[2] Mullahs Abdul Razaq Akhund and Abdul Sata Akhund pledged their support to Akhundzada in December 2016.[17]

Yousef Ahmadi, one of the Taliban's main spokesmen, stated on 20 July 2017 that Akhundzada's son Abdur Rahman was killed while carrying out a suicide attack on an Afghan military base in Gereshk in Helmand Province. An Afghan government official said that they were investigating the incident but could not confirm if Rahman was killed.[18]

In May 2021, Akhundzada invited Afghan people for the withdrawal of the United States forces and for the development of an Islamic state.[19] In August 2021, forces under Akhundzada's nominal command began a general offensive seeking to achieve a final victory in the war. During the leadership of Akhundzada, the United States troops withdrew, and the Taliban gained control of Kabul.[12] On 18 August, it was announced that based on the general amnesty issued by Akhundzada, “it was decided to release political detainees from all prisons of Afghanistan”.[20] By the time, the Taliban has already taken control of key prisons across the country and freed thousands of inmates, including ISIS fighters, Al-Qaeda members and senior Taliban figures.[20][21]

محاولات اغتياله

Akhundzada has been the subject of assassination two times.[22] In 2012, an attempt was made to assassinate Akhundzada in Quetta. According to Mullah Ibrahim, 'During one of Akhundzada's lectures in Quetta, a man stood among the students and pointed a pistol at Akhundzada from a close range, but the pistol stuck. Mullah Ibrahim recalled. 'He was trying to shoot him, but he failed, and the Taliban rushed to tackle' the man, he said, adding that Mawlawi Akhundzada did not move in the chaos.”[23] Taliban accused National Directorate of Security, the Afghan intelligence agency for this assassination attempt.[23]

During the Friday prayer on August 16, 2019, a powerful blast tore through a grand mosque in Balochistan, province of Pakistan. The attack on the mosque, killed Akhundzada's brother Hafiz Ahmadullah and father of Akhundzada.[24] Ahmadullah succeeded Akhundzada as leader the Khair Ul Madarais Mosque, which had served as the main meeting place of the Quetta Shura, after Akhundzada was appointed as the Taliban emir.[24] More of Akhundzada's relatives were later confirmed to have died in the blast as well.[25] The High Council of Afghanistan Islamic Emirate claimed responsibility for the attack, adding that the prime target was Akhundzada.[26]

كتاباته

  • Mujahedino ta de Amir ul-Mumenin Larshowene (2017; lit. Instructions to the Mujahedeen from the Commander of the Faithful)[27]

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Afghan Taliban announce successor to Mullah Mansour". BBC News. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  2. ^ أ ب Staff writer (26 May 2016). "Profile: New Taliban chief Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada". BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Statement by the Leadership Council of Islamic Emirate regarding the martyrdom of Amir ul Mumineen Mullah Akhtar Muhammad Mansour and the election of the new leader". Voice of Jihad (Press release). Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  4. ^ أ ب Mashal, Mujib; Shah, Taimoor (2016-07-11). "Taliban's New Leader, More Scholar Than Fighter, Is Slow to Impose Himself". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  5. ^ Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban. U.S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د "Profile: New Taliban chief Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  7. ^ "Hibatullah's Roots Were Non-Political And Reclusive" Archived 12 أبريل 2020 at the Wayback Machine (29 May 2016), Tolo News. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. ^ Mashal, Mujib; Shah, Taimoor (2017-07-22). "Taliban Say Top Leader's Son Carried Out a Suicide Attack". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  9. ^ O'Donnell, Lynne; Khan, Mirwais. "Afghan Taliban Appoint New Leader After Mansour's Death". ABC News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  10. ^ "The Taliban is back. Who are the leaders of the group?". TRT World (in الإنجليزية). 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  11. ^ أ ب "Who is Hibatullah Akhundzada? Five things you need to know about the Taliban leader". meaww.com (in الإنجليزية). 15 August 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  12. ^ أ ب "Who are Taliban 2.0 | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2021-08-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ أ ب "Afghan Taliban says Haibatullah Akhunzada is new leader". Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  14. ^ Azami, Dawood (26 May 2016). "Mawlawi Hibatullah: Taliban's new leader signals continuity". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  15. ^ Mashal, Mujib; Shah, Taimoor (2016-07-11). "Taliban's New Leader, More Scholar Than Fighter, Is Slow to Impose Himself". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  16. ^ "Afghan Taliban appoint Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada as new leader". The Guardian. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  17. ^ unattributed reporter of The Daily Times - Daily Times of Pakistan Archived 23 ديسمبر 2016 at the Wayback Machine 11.12.2016 Retrieved 2016-12-22
  18. ^ Ahmad, Jibran (22 July 2017). "Son of Afghan Taliban leader dies carrying out suicide attack". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  19. ^ "Taliban leader urges unity for the redevelopment of Afghanistan". The Express Tribune (in الإنجليزية). 2021-05-09. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  20. ^ أ ب "The latest on Afghanistan as Taliban take charge. Taliban leader calls for all remaining "political detainees" to be released". cnn.com. 18 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  21. ^ "Video shows thousands of prisoners, reportedly including Islamic State and al Qaeda fighters, freed from Kabul jail by the Taliban". businessinsider.com. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  22. ^ "Taliban in Afghanistan: who is in charge?". The National. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  23. ^ أ ب Mashal, Mujib; Shah, Taimoor (July 11, 2016). "Taliban's New Leader, More Scholar Than Fighter, Is Slow to Impose Himself". The New York Times. Kabul. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  24. ^ أ ب "Brother of Afghan Taliban leader killed in Pakistan mosque blast". aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  25. ^ Farmer, Ben; Mehsud, Saleem (16 August 2019). "Family of Taliban leader killed in 'assassination attempt' on eve of historic US peace deal". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  26. ^ "Taliban in troubled waters as splinter groups target leaders in Quetta". CNBC TV. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  27. ^ Alex Strick van Linschoten, Felix Kuehn (ed.), The Taliban Reader: War, Islam and Politics in their Own Words, Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 525
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