منخفض البحيرات الكبرى
منخفض البحيرات الكبرى (بالمنغولية: Их нууруудын хотгор، Ikh Nuuruudyn Khotgor ؛ إنگليزية: Great Lakes Depression)، كما يُدعى فجوة البحيرات الكبرى، هو منخفض كبير شبه قاحل في منغوليا that covers parts of the Uvs, Khovd, Bayan-Ölgii, Zavkhan and Govi-Altai aimags. Bounded by the Altai in the West, Khangai in the East and Tannu-Ola Mountains in the North,[1] it covers the area of over 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi) with elevations from 750 to 2,000 m (2,460–6,560 ft).
منخفض البحيرات الكبرى
Great Lakes Depression | |
|---|---|
 منخفض البحيرات الكبرى كما يبدو من الفضاء. | |
 منخفض البحيرات الكبرى في وسط الخريطة | |
  منخفض البحيرات الكبرى  منخفض البحيرات الكبرى | |
| الإحداثيات: 49°18′39″N 92°38′15″E / 49.31083°N 92.63750°ECoordinates: 49°18′39″N 92°38′15″E / 49.31083°N 92.63750°E | |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالية | 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi) |
Small northern parts of the depression are part of Russia.[1]
The depression is named so because it contains six major Mongolian lakes: saline Uvs Nuur, Khyargas Nuur and Dörgön Nuur; and freshwater Khar-Us Nuur, Khar Nuur and Airag Nuur, as well as a number of smaller ones. In addition, it includes 14,000 km2 (5,400 sq mi) of solonchaks and large sandy areas. Northern parts are dominated by arid steppes, and southern by semideserts or deserts. The major rivers are Khovd River, Zavkhan Gol, and Tesiin Gol.[1]
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البيئة
The depression is a major freshwater basin of Mongolia and contains important wetlands of Central Asia. The wetlands are based on the system of interconnected shallow lakes with wide reed belts within a generally desert steppe. The wetlands support a number of rare migrating birds: Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), black stork (Ciconia nigra), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), swan goose (Cygnopsis cygnoides), and bar-headed goose (Anser indicus). Only a few individuals of great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) remain in the Great Lakes Basin in Mongolia. They nest in catchment areas of rivers and lakes that have abundant fish and vegetation.[2]
Although the total number of fish species in the region is low, a large percentage of those that do occur are endemic or near-endemic, especially from the genera Oreoleuciscus (Altai osmans), Thymallus (graylings) and Triplophysa (a stone loach genus).[3]
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت "Great Lakes Depression", Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- ^ "Freshwater Issues in Mongolia"
- ^ Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: Western Mongolia. Archived 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 February 2017.
وصلات خارجية
- Birdsview of the Great Lakes Depression computer visualization generated from satellite data, showing (from front to back) Dörgön Nuur, Khar Nuur, Khovd, Khyargas Nuur, and Uvs Nuur, as well as Üüreg Nuur left of Uvs Nuur. The green line on the left is the valley of the Khovd Gol with Khar-Us Nuur and Achit Nuur.