المنيعة

(تم التحويل من El Menia)
المنيعة
Commune and town
View of El Menia from the ksar
View of El Menia from the ksar
Location of El Menia commune within Ghardaïa Province
Location of El Menia commune within Ghardaïa Province
المنيعة is located in الجزائر
المنيعة
المنيعة
Location of El Menia within Algeria
الإحداثيات: 30°35′N 2°53′E / 30.583°N 2.883°E / 30.583; 2.883
Country الجزائر
ProvinceEl Menia Province
DistrictEl Ménia District
المنسوب
380 m (1٬250 ft)
التعداد
 (2008)[1]
 • الإجمالي
40٬195
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)

El Menia (عربية: المنيعة) is an oasis town and commune, and capital of El Ménia District, in the homonymous El Menia Province, Algeria. The former name is El Goléa (عربية: القليعة); together in Arabic, the two names mean Impregnable Castle.[2] According to the 2008 census it has a population of 40,195,[1] up from 28,848 in 1998,[3] with an annual growth rate of 3.4%.[1] The area is inhabited by the Zenete Berbers. El Menia oasis grows many agricultural products. The grave of the French priest Charles de Foucauld is located in the town.

Geography

El Menia is located almost at the center of Algeria, lying at the eastern border of the Grand Erg Occidental at an elevation of 380 متر (1،250 ft). The town is a gateway to the Sahara in the south, and has an estimated 180,000 palm trees within the oasis area.[citation needed] The oasis itself lies beneath an escarpment rising up to 200 متر (660 ft) above. Some of the largest continuous areas of Saharan sand dunes begin just a few kilometres to the west of the oasis.

Climate

El Menia has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. There is very little rain throughout the year, and summers are especially dry. Summer daytime temperatures are known to consistently approach 45 °C (113.0 °F). The sky is clear throughout the year and sunny, bright days are guaranteed. On July 7, 2021, the record high temperature of 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) was registered.[4]

بيانات المناخ لـ El Menia (El Golea Airport) 1991–2020
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف) 27.5
(81.5) 		36.5
(97.7) 		38.2
(100.8) 		43.0
(109.4) 		44.2
(111.6) 		46.6
(115.9) 		49.1
(120.4) 		48.0
(118.4) 		46.4
(115.5) 		42.1
(107.8) 		33.8
(92.8) 		29.5
(85.1) 		49.1
(120.4)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) 17.5
(63.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		— 29.5
(85.1) 		34.6
(94.3) 		39.6
(103.3) 		42.8
(109.0) 		41.8
(107.2) 		37.4
(99.3) 		30.8
(87.4) 		23.1
(73.6) 		18.3
(64.9) 		—
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 10.1
(50.2) 		12.4
(54.3) 		16.9
(62.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		26.6
(79.9) 		31.5
(88.7) 		34.6
(94.3) 		33.8
(92.8) 		29.9
(85.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		11.2
(52.2) 		22.3
(72.1)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) 2.6
(36.7) 		4.7
(40.5) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.6
(56.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.9
(78.6) 		22.4
(72.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		8.4
(47.1) 		4.1
(39.4) 		14.6
(58.3)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) −5.5
(22.1) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.5
(47.3) 		12.2
(54.0) 		20.0
(68.0) 		18.2
(64.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		4.9
(40.8) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−9.4
(15.1)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 6.6
(0.26) 		1.8
(0.07) 		7.2
(0.28) 		2.9
(0.11) 		2.4
(0.09) 		0.4
(0.02) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.7
(0.03) 		5.5
(0.22) 		4.7
(0.19) 		4.6
(0.18) 		4.1
(0.16) 		40.9
(1.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 6.7
Source: NOAA[5]

Transportation

El Menia has good road connections along the N1 highway to Ghardaïa to the north and In Salah to the south. El Golea Airport is located 3 كيلومتر (1.9 mi) west of the town's center.

Education

6.9% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 17.3% has completed secondary education.[6] The overall literacy rate is 81.4%, and is 85.4% among males and 77.2% among females.[7]

  • The old ksar.
    The old ksar.
  • Public National Museum of El Menia.
    Public National Museum of El Menia.
  • St. Joseph Church
    St. Joseph Church
  • Grave of Charles de Foucauld.
    Grave of Charles de Foucauld.

Localities

The commune of El Menia is composed of 12 localities:[8]

  • Centre-ville
  • Taghit
  • Belbachir
  • Hoffrat El Abbas
  • Vieux Ksar
  • Badriane
  • Belaïd
  • Zouitel
  • Ouled Zid
  • Tin Bouzid
  • Ksar Belkacem
  • Ouled Feradj

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت "Population: Ghardaïa Wilaya" (PDF) (in الفرنسية). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  2. ^ "El-Golea" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. VIII (9th ed.). 1878. p. 133.
  3. ^ "Algeria Communes". Statoids. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  4. ^ "60590: El Golea (Algeria)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. ^ "El Golea Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence" (PDF) (in الفرنسية). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  7. ^ "Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence " (PDF) (in الفرنسية). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  8. ^ "Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued" (PDF) (in الفرنسية). Journal officiel de la République Algérienne. 19 December 1984. p. 1579. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
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