أرتوري ڤيرتانن
أرتوري ألماري ڤيرتانن | |
|---|---|
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | |
 | |
| وُلِدَ | 15 يناير 1895 |
| توفي | نوفمبر 11, 1973 (aged 78) |
| القومية | فنلندا |
| المدرسة الأم | جامعة هلسنكي |
| عـُرِف بـ | علف AIV |
| الجوائز | جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء (1945) |
| السيرة العلمية | |
| المجالات | الكيمياء |
| الهيئات | جامعة هلسنكي للتكنولوجيا جامعة هلسنكي |
أرتوري ألماري ڤيرتانن (ولد في 15 يناير 1895 في هلسنكي وتوفي في 11 نوفمبر 1973 في هلسنكي) هو كيميائي فنلندي، كيميائي فنلندي، حصل على جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء عام 1945 لأبحاثه في مجال الكيمياء التغذية المطبقة الحفاظ على الأعلاف.
He invented AIV silage which improved milk production and a method of preserving butter, the AIV salt, which led to increased Finnish butter exports.[1]
الحياة الشخصية
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen was born on 15 January 1895, in Helsinki, Finland . He is the son of Kaarlo Virtanen, a railway engine driver and Serafina Isotalo.[2]
درس المرحلة الثانوية في ڤيبورگ، روسيا. ثم درس الكيمياء والفيزياء وعلم الأحياء في جامعة هلسنكي ومن ثم الفيزياء والكيمياء بزيورخ وعلم الأحياء الدقيقة وعلم الإنزيمات في ستوكهولم .
الدراسة الجامعية
في سنة 1931 عين أستاذ كيمياء حيوية في المعهد الفنلندي للتكنولوجيا بهلسنكي ومن ثم في جامعة هلسنكي.
السيرة
His research started with work on the phosphorylation of hexoses in 1924. He was able to show that phosphorylation is the first step in many fermentation reactions, which was the foundation of the Embden–Meyerhof pathway.
In 1925 his interests shifted to the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules of leguminous plants. The improved methods of butter preservation, by adding disodium phosphate to prevent acidic hydrolysis. This method was in use for several decades in Finland. His research from 1925 till 1932 included the invention of a fodder preservation method (AIV fodder). The method, patented in 1932, was basically a kind of silage that improved the storage of green fodder, which is important during long winters. The process includes adding dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to newly stored grain. Increased acidity stops harmful fermentation and has no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the fodder or the animals it is fed to. In 1945, Virtanen received the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry".[3]
His later years studies included the development of partially synthetic cattle feeds. The nitrogen for the synthesis of amino acids normally comes from proteins in the fodder. A special bacterial environment in the rumen of cattle allows them to use urea and ammonium salts as source for the nitrogen instead of plant proteins like soybean or meat and bone meal. He also headed the Valio Laboratory from 1921 to 1969.
الجوائز والتكريم
The prestige conferred by the Nobel Prize brought Virtanen invitations, honorary doctorates and membership in foreign academies of science.[1] He was a member of the Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, Flemish, Bavarian, and Pontifical Academies of Science, and of the Swedish and Danish Academies of Engineering Sciences. He was an honorary member of learned societies in Finland, Sweden, Austria, Edinburgh, and the US, and received honorary degrees of the Universities of Lund, Paris, Giessen, and Helsinki, the Royal Technical College at Stockholm, and the Finland Institute of Technology.[3]
The asteroid 1449 Virtanen, discovered by the renowned Finnish astronomer and physicist Yrjö Väisälä, was named after him.[4] The lunar crater Virtanen is also named after him.[5]
أطلق اسمه على الكويكب 1449 ڤيرتانن، تكريما له.
معرض
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Part of the patent letter given to A. I. Virtanen and his employer for the AIV silage method in 1931 -
Virtanen at his laboratory in 1934 -
First members of Academy of Finland in April 1948, Virtanen to the left of glasses-wearing Onni Okkonen -
At his laboratory in 1949 -
The Finnish Council of Nuclear Power presenting its estimation of costs at the Department of Finance in 1958, Virtanen on the right -
Photograph of a delegation (including L. A. Puntila) visiting professor A. I. Virtanen on his 70th birthday in 1965 -
Postage stamp from 1980
المصادر
- ^ أ ب Ihamuotila, Risto. "Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari (1895–1973)". The National Biography of Finland. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
- ^ أ ب "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1449) Virtanen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 116. ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Virtanen on Moon". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. NASA. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
مراجع
- WH Brock (2001). "Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0002936.
- Jorma K. Miettinen (1975). "Artturi Ilmari Virtanen". Plant and Soil. 43 (1–3): 229–234. doi:10.1007/BF01928489.
- R. A. Kyle; M. A. Shampo (1981). "Artturi Ilmari Virtanen". Journal of the American Medical Association. 246: 150. doi:10.1001/jama.246.2.150. PMID 7017179.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Matti Kreula (1974). "In memoriam Artturi I. Virtanen 1895–1973". Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft. 13 (1–2): 1–5. doi:10.1007/BF02025018.
وصلات خارجية