مرصد روكى دى لوس موتشاتشوس

Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
	عرض لبعض التلسكوپات في مرصد روكى دى لوس موتشاتشوس.
الأسماء البديلة	ORM
الهيئة	معهد الكناري للفيزياء الفلكية
رمز المرصد	950
الموقع	روكى دى لوس موتشاتشوس، مقاطعة سانتا كروز دى تنريفه، إسپانيا
الإحداثيات	28°45′49″N 17°53′41″W / 28.76361°N 17.89472°WCoordinates: 28°45′49″N 17°53′41″W / 28.76361°N 17.89472°W
الارتفاع	2396
تأسس	29 يونيو 1985
الموقع الإلكتروني	iac.es
التلسكوبات	Carlsberg Meridian Telescope; DIMM-TNG; Dutch Open Telescope; FACT; Galileo National Telescope; High-Energy-Gamma-Ray Astronomy; Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes; Isaac Newton Telescope; Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope; LST-1; Liverpool Telescope; MASCARA; Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes; Mercator Telescope; Nordic Optical Telescope; Swedish Solar Telescope; تلسكوب الكناري الكبير; المرصد الأوروبي الشمسي; برنامج البحث عن الكواكب واسع الزاوية; مرصد وليام هرشل
التلسكوبات
	Location of مرصد روكى دى لوس موتشاتشوس
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مرصد روكى دى لوس موتشاتشوس (بالإسپانية: Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos؛ ORM؛ إنگليزية: Roque de los Muchachos Observatorycode: en is deprecated ) هو مرصد فلكي يقع في بلدية گرفيا في جزيرة لا پالما في جزر الكناري. موقع المرصد يشغـِّله معهد الكناري للفيزياء الفلكية، الواقع في تنريفه. ORM هو جزء من المرصد الشمالي الأوروپي.

The seeing statistics at ORM make it the second-best location for optical and infrared astronomy في نصف الكرة الشمالي, after Mauna Kea Observatory, هاوائي. The site also has some of the most extensive astronomical facilities in the Northern Hemisphere; its fleet of telescopes includes the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias, the world's largest single-aperture optical telescope as of July 2009,^[1] the تلسكوپ وليام هرشل (ثاني أكبر تلسكوپ في أوروپا)، و the adaptive optics corrected Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope.

The observatory was established in 1985, after 15 years of international work and cooperation of several countries with the Spanish island hosting many telescopes from Britain, The Netherlands, Spain, and other countries. The island provided better seeing conditions for the telescopes that had been moved to Herstmonceux by the Royal Greenwich Observatory, including the 98 inch aperture Isaac Newton Telescope (the largest reflector in Europe at that time). When it was moved to the island it was upgraded to a 100-inch (2.54 meter), and many even larger telescopes from various nations would be hosted there.

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التاريخ

The building of the observatory traces to 1969, with the start of the Northern Hemisphere Observatory project.^[2] After ten years of research on the site there is big international agreement with several nations to establish an international Observatory at La Palma.^[3]

The former Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux, which lead to a search for a better location for the large telescopes

The observatory began operation around 1984 with the Isaac Newton Telescope, which was moved to La Palma from the Royal Greenwich Observatory site at Herstmonceux Castle in Sussex, England. The move was troubled, and it is widely recognized that it would have been cheaper to build a new telescope on-site rather than to move an existing one.

The observatory was first staffed by representatives from Spain, Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. Other countries which became involved later include Germany, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, Finland, Iceland, and the United States.

The observatory was officially inaugurated on June 29, 1985, by the Spanish royal family and six European heads of state. Four helicopter pads were built at the observatory to allow the dignitaries to arrive in comfort. The observatory has expanded considerably over time, with the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope opened in 1987, the Nordic Optical Telescope in 1988 and several smaller solar or specialized telescopes; the Galileo National Telescope opened in 1998 and the Gran Telescopio Canarias opened in 2006, with its full aperture in 2009.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

A fire on the mountainside in 1997 damaged one of the gamma-ray telescopes, but subsequent fires in September 2005 and August 2009^[4] did no serious damage to buildings or telescopes.

In 2016, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias and Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory signed an agreement to host Cherenkov Telescope Array’s northern hemisphere array at the ORM.

In 2016, the observatory was announced as the second-choice location for the Thirty Meter Telescope, in the event that the Mauna Kea site is not feasible.^[5]

التلسكوپات/المراصد

The Spanish island is host to the premiere collection of telescopes and observatories from around the World, for the northern hemisphere excluding the Hawaiian islands which has a different mix of telescopes. However, even the southern hemisphere there is no equal to the 10.4 meter Grand Telescope Canarias, which has the largest single aperture for an astronomical observatory in the World.

FACT
Carlsberg Meridian Telescope (1984-2013)
Dutch Open Telescope
Galileo National Telescope
Gran Telescopio Canarias (2007- )
HEGRA
Isaac Newton Telescope
Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope
Liverpool Telescope (2003- )^[6]
MAGIC
MASCARA
Mercator Telescope
Nordic Optical Telescope
Swedish Solar Telescope
Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP)
William Herschel Telescope

معرض الصور

Several of the helicopter pads built for the inauguration ceremony can be seen under the now dismantled HEGRA array
Telescopes at the observatory at sunset, from left to right: the NOT, the WHT, the DOT, the SST, the Mercator Telescope and the ING
Picture of the 10m Gran Telescopio Canarias building under construction in March 2003
Picture of the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT)
Large-Sized-Telescope 1 of the Cherenkov Telescope Array