المعرفة

مذابح زمفرة 2022

من 4–6 يناير 2022، لقى أكثر من 200 شخص مصرعهم على يد قطاع الطرق في ولاية زمفرة، نيجيريا.[1] كان هذا أكثر الهجمات الإرهابية دموية في تاريخ نيجيريا الحديث.[2]

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خلفية

The Nigerian bandit conflict, in which thousands of people have been killed, began in 2011 and is linked to the farmer-herder conflicts and the Boko Haram insurgency. Bandit gangs carry out attacks in several northwestern states, including mass kidnappings and massacres. Attacks in Zamfara State in 2021 include the kidnapping of 279 secondary schoolgirls in Jangebe in February and the massacre of over 50 villagers in Zurmi in June.[3]

Prior to the attacks, airstrikes by government forces on 3 January resulted in the deaths of 100 bandits and the destruction of numerous bases. This led to bandits being pushed forward into the region, where they carried out reprisal attacks.[4] A few days later the Nigerian government designated bandits to be terrorists.[5]


المذابح

Shortly before the attacks, bandits led a raid on a group of 3,000 cattle only to be confronted by local vigilantes, leading to a gunfight and battle between the two parties. The vigilantes lost and many of them were slain by bandits, and the killings of villagers began.[6][7]

Beginning around 12:45 PM, on Tuesday, 4 January, bandit gunmen on motorcycles whose numbers have been estimated as stretching from 300–500[8] entered the town of Kurfar Danya, marking the start of a series of attacks on villages in the Anka and Bukkuyum local government areas of Zamfara.[9][1][10] Gangs shot villagers as they looted and burned their homes to the ground.[11] For two days, armed bandits laid siege to the towns of Kurfa and Rafin-Gero without an intervention by the government.[12][10] Five different settlements were destroyed by bandits.[13] One survivor described bandits as shooting "anyone on sight."[14]

The massacres ended on Thursday, 6 January, after military forces intercepted bandits.[15][10]

هذه القائمة غير كاملة؛ بإمكانك المساعدة بتوسيعها.
List of settlements confirmed targeted
الاسم تاريخ الهجوم Details References
Kurfar Danya 4 January, Tuesday First to be targeted; population displaced [13][6][10]
Rafin Danya 4 January, Tuesday Destroyed [16][6]
Barayar Zaki 4 January, Tuesday [6][17]
Rafin Gero 4 January, Tuesday Besieged, destroyed [6][10][18]
Waramu [19][20]
Tungar Isa Destroyed [21][18]
Kewaye [13][18]
Tungar Na More [22][23]

التبعات

Over ten thousand people became internally displaced persons and five settlements burned down.[13][1] Many people are still missing.[24] Many resources were stolen, with an estimated 2,000 cattle being taken by bandits.[25][26] Nigerian authorities arrived to the districts to help organize mass burials, and are still active.[14] Relief efforts are ongoing.[27]

Zamfara State authorities placed the death toll at 58, but this was widely controversial.[28][29] Some refugees placed the number of people killed at 154.[14] A spokesperson for Sadiya Umar Farouq, the minister of humanitarian affairs, said that more than 200 bodies were buried,[1] and were agreed with by local residents.[30] Among the victims of the killings was Gambo Abare, a prominent leader of anti-bandit vigilante groups.[19][31]

A bandit leader named Bello Turji has been accused of being responsible for the massacres.[19][32][33][16]

ردود الفعل

نيجيريا

On 8 January, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari condemned the murders, adding that Nigeria would seek to crack down on terrorism in the country.[34][14] Former Secretary to the Government of the Federation Anyim Pius Anyim said he was saddened by the killings, denouncing "the destruction of lives and property" by the perpetrators.[35]

The Emirs of Anka and Bukkuyum, Alhaji Attahir Ahmad and Alhaji Muhammad Usman respectively, promoted heavier security presence in the area. Bello Matawalle immediately took a visit to the towns affected, meeting and talking to survivors and their families. He criticized the media for purportedly exaggerating casualty estimates, saying the media "have variously quoted scary figures of deaths arising from the recent attacks by fleeing bandits."[36]

The All Progressives Congress condemned the incident, stating it would support the Nigerian Armed Forces in its quest to track down the perpetrators. John James Akpan Udo-Edehe extended "heartfelt condolences to the families that lost loved ones and commiserates with the government and people of Zamfara state" on behalf of the party.[37][38]

The Nigeria Labour Congress denounced the massacres and the "wickedness and inhumanity" the bandits had caused.[39]

Femi Fani-Kayode, who previously served as Nigeria's Aviation ministry, proposed that Nigeria could prevent future massacres by adopting the practice of carpet bombing, noting that the military had recently acquired Tucano jets.[40] The governor of Kaduna State, Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai, also supported using the method.[41]

They kill people in Sokoto, you mobilise the army there, and chase them out, they move to Kebbi, from Kebbi if they are bombed, they move to Kaduna. What should be done is to bomb them from the air, ground, troops on the ground at the same time in all five, six states of the North West plus Niger. And this problem can be sorted out in my view, in weeks. I believe the levels of insecurity now are at a tipping point and something is got to give. My hope is that what will give is the end of this banditry once and for all. It is a problem.[42]

-Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai

دولياً

  The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded it was "deeply saddened to receive the news that over one hundred civilians lost their lives during several attacks in the Zamfara State."[43][44]

  On January 10, 2022, Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres expressed sharp condemnation of the incident, lending support to anti-terror operations in Nigeria, telling Nigerian authorities to "spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice".[45] Guterres reaffirmed UN solidarity with the country.[46][47][48]

António Guterres Twitter
@antonioguterres

I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed.

I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice.

Jan 10, 2022[49]

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث "At least 200 dead in bandit attacks in northwest Nigeria". Al Jazeera (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  2. ^ Egbas, Jude (8 January 2022). "Terrorists kill more than 200 in Zamfara, Buhari fumes". Pulse Nigeria (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Hundreds killed in multiple gun raids in northwestern Nigeria". France 24 (in الإنجليزية). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  4. ^ "Reprisal Attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara State Kill 200 Civilians". Democracy Now! (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  5. ^ "At least 200 villagers killed by bandits in north-west Nigeria". the Guardian (in الإنجليزية). 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "How Zamfara terrorists invaded our villages, killed over 200, burnt houses –Survivors". Punch Newspapers (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Bloodbath in Zamfara villages as bandits kill 200, scores missing". Punch Newspapers (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 7 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  8. ^ Reporters, Our Correspondent Our. "Banditry: Over 10,000 victims rendered homeless in Zamfara – FG". New Telegraph (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  9. ^ "Death toll in attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara state around 200 - residents". National Post (in الإنجليزية). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Reuters (8 January 2022). "Armed bandits kill at least 30 in Nigeria's Zamfara state". Reuters (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ "More Than 100 Killed in Attack in Nigeria's North, Reports Say". VOA (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Armed Bandits Kill at Least 30 in Nigeria's Zamfara State". US News. 7 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث "Bandits burn down five Zamfara communities, kill many people". Premium Times (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 6 January 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  14. ^ أ ب ت ث "Nigeria's president condemns killings in Zamfara state". Deutsche Welle (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 9 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Authorities: Death Toll Surpass 200 in Attacks in Nigeria's North". VOA (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  16. ^ أ ب "Lives valueless under Buhari's govt – Kingsley Moghalu - P.M. News". P.M. News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "Bandits dare Nigerian military, return to Zamfara to massacre 218 civilians". Peoples Gazette (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  18. ^ أ ب ت editing (6 January 2022). "Bandits Attack Five Zamfara Communities, Kill Many Residents". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  19. ^ أ ب ت "Zamfara Attacks: Over 50 dead bodies found as residents panic over rumour of Turji's relocation" (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 7 January 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  20. ^ Reporters, Our Correspondent Our. "Buhari: Zamfara massacre, act of desperation by mass murderer". New Telegraph (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  21. ^ "Más de 200 muertos en ataques de bandidos en Nigeria". abc (in الإسبانية). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  22. ^ Edokwe, Bridget (8 January 2022). "Over 200 Residents Buried As Bandits Raze Zamfara Communities In Fresh Attacks". BarristerNG.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  23. ^ Brown, Tamsin (9 January 2022). "Hundreds killed in vicious bandit attacks on Nigerian villages". EuroWeekly News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ AfricaNews (10 January 2022). "Nigeria: bandits attacks kill at least 200, displacing thousands". Africanews (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ "Nigeria motorbike gang attack: Death toll rises to 200". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Nigeria: Armed assailants kill up to 200 civilians in attacks in Zamfara State Jan. 5-6". GardaWorld (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  27. ^ AFP (10 January 2022). "Nigeria attacks leave 200 dead, thousands displaced". DAWN.COM (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  28. ^ "Nigerian locals, authorities give varying attack death tolls". CBS17 (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ CNN, Story by Reuters and Nimi Princewill. "Scores killed in northwest Nigeria during reprisal attacks by armed bandits". CNN. Retrieved 10 January 2022. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  30. ^ "About 200 Dead in Attacks in Northwest Nigeria, Residents Say". US News. 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Insecurity: Round-up Of Northwest Nigeria's Week Of Mixed Fortunes". HumAngle Media (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  32. ^ "Endless massacres by Islamists in Nigeria: Boko, ISIS, Turji loyalists, Fulani, and others | Modern Tokyo Times" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  33. ^ Gabriel, John (9 January 2022). "Zamfara killings: You'll never know peace – University don curses bandits, sponsors". Daily Post Nigeria (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  34. ^ "Buhari condemns massacre of about 200 villagers in Zamfara" (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  35. ^ "Zamfara killings: Anyim mourns, says people should not live in fear in their own home". Punch Newspapers (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Killings: Zamfara emirs cry for help, Buhari vows to crush terrorists". Punch Newspapers (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  37. ^ "Defeated bandits running from military onslaught in Zamfara, APC says". Peoples Gazette (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ "Killings in Zamfara won't go unpunished, says APC". TheCable (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  39. ^ "NLC condemns recent massacre in Zamfara". The Sun (Nigeria) (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ Silas, Don (9 January 2022). "Zamfara massacre: Time to consider use of American Tucano jets – Fani-Kayode". Daily Post Nigeria (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  41. ^ "BANDITS: El-Rufai's call for carpet-bombing raises dust". Vanguard News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  42. ^ "Carpet-Bombing: The collateral damage 'll be enormous — Pundit tells El-Rufai". Vanguard News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2022-01-08. Archived from the original on 2022-01-09. Retrieved 2022-01-09.
  43. ^ "Turkey condemns 'heinous' attacks in northwestern Nigeria". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  44. ^ "Dışişleri Bakanlığı'ndan Nijerya'daki saldırıya kınama". TGRT Haber (in التركية). Retrieved 10 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ^ "UN chief condemns 'appalling' attacks in Nigeria". Saudi Gazette (in English). 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ "Zamfara Attacks: UN scribe condemns killings, urges FG to arrest perpetrators". Premium Times (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. ^ "Zamfara: UN chief Guterres condemns massacre of over 200 people by bandits". Peoples Gazette (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
  48. ^ "Scores of civilians dead, UN chief condemns 'appalling' attacks in Nigeria". UN News (in الإنجليزية). 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
  49. ^ António Guterres [@antonioguterres] (Jan 10, 2022). "I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria's Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice" (Tweet) – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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