قالب:IPA

{{{1}}}

Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

 Usage

Template:IPA is most useful when there are multiple instances of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) on a page. It contains

<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">{{{1}}}</span>

This means, it simply specifies a class called “IPA” as a hook for CSS styling and DOM scripting. This allows fixing broken display of IPA characters in Windows XP, and choice of style in any browser.

The font declaration is in MediaWiki:Common.js and targets only Windows XP. Registered Wikipedia users can specify their own style for IPA text by editing, for each project, their user style sheet, e.g. Special:MyPage/common.css. Users can also specify the style locally in their browser, which works across projects.

MediaWiki:Common.css also ensures that links inside IPA transcriptions marked up with this template do not use underlines since these carry special semantics there.

 TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools.

IPA

This template ensures proper display of transcriptions using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), especially in older operating systems and browsers. There are related specialized templates that also semi-automatically generate the transcription itself.

وسائط القالب

وسيط		وصف	نوع	حالة
transcription	1	including square brackets [...] for phonetic transcriptions or enclosing forward slashes /.../ for phonemic ones	نص	مطلوب

 Examples

Placing a phonemic rendering of the word characters in Template:IPA:

{{IPA|/ˈkærəktɚz/}}
{{IPA|/[[character|ˈkærəktɚz]]/}}

The result will be a span with a class attribute, like this:

<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈkærəktɚz/</span>

Which appear in your browser as:

/ˈkærəktɚz/

/ˈkærəktɚz/

Without template:IPA:

/ˈkærəktɚz/

/ˈkærəktɚz/

[These sets may look different if you are using Windows XP, or if you have a custom style defined for IPA text.]

Please place all IPA text into the template, even if it doesn't have any special IPA characters, like this: /mi/. This will allow users to format all examples of IPA text consistently, with their choice of fonts, colours, etc.

 List of fonts

The following is a list of fonts used in Windows XP that are used using this template.

• Lucida Sans Unicode
• Arial Unicode MS

 استخدام قوالب نطق أص‌د

Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.

 فونت IPA

In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {{IPA}} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice|lang=en}}, though each token still requires the {{IPA}} template for proper formatting.

If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.

 الكلمات الإنگليزية

For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use templates linking to Help:IPA for English, a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English:

• {{IPA-en}}, appearing as: النطق الإنگليزي: /word/ (also /word/, English: /word/, تـُنطق /word/, as hereafter).
• {{IPAc-en}}, which automates the conversion to IPA, so that {{IPAc-en|'|w|3r|d}} appears as /ˈwɜrd/. This provides mouse-over links to the symbols, and is now the preferred template.

 الكلمات الأجنبية

For foreign words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:

• {{IPA-all}}, appearing as: أص‌د: [word]. Or:
• For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
  • {{IPA-fr|o}} → النطق الفرنسي: [o]
• Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → تـُنطق: [o]
• Language name only:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → بالفرنسية: [o]
• "IPA" only:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → أص‌د: [o]
• Link only:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|}} → [o]
• Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → بالفرنسية: [o]  ( استمع)
• For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
  • {{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → النطق الفرنسي: [o]  ( استمع)

اللغات المدعومة وقوالبها

أفريكانز: {{IPA-af}} Albanian: {{IPA-sq}} Amharic: {{IPA-am}} Arabic: {{IPA-ar}}, {{IPA-aeb}} (Tunisian), {{IPA-acw}} (Hejazi) & {{IPA-arz}} (Egyptian) (see also {{IPAc-ar}} hereafter) Armenian: {{IPA-hy}} Arpitan: {{tl|IPA-frp} Assamese: {{IPA-as}} Astur-Leonese: {{IPA-ast}}, {{IPA-le}}, {{IPA-mwl}}, {{IPA-ext}} Australian Aboriginal languages: {{IPA-aus}} Basque: {{IPA-eu}} Belarusian: {{IPA-be}} Bengali: {{IPA-bn}} Berber (Tamaziɣt): {{IPA-tam}} Bulgarian and Macedonian: {{IPA-mk}} & {{IPA-bg}} Burmese: {{IPA-my}} Cantonese: {{IPA-yue}} Catalan: {{IPA-ca}} & {{IPA-va}} Colognian (Kölsch): {{IPA-ksh}} Corsican: {{IPA-co}} Czech: {{IPA-cs}} Danish: {{IPA-da}} Dutch and Flemish: {{IPA-nl}} (see also {{IPAc-nl}} hereafter) English: {{IPA-en}} & {{IPA-endia}} (see also {{IPAc-en}} hereafter) Esperanto: {{IPA-eo}} Fijian: {{IPA-fj}} Finnish and Estonian: {{IPA-fi}} & {{IPA-et}} French: {{IPA-fr}} (see also {{IPAc-fr}} hereafter) Georgian: {{IPA-ka}} (see also {{IPAc-ka}} hereafter) German: {{IPA-de}} (see also {{IPAc-de}} hereafter) & {{IPA-gsw}} (Alemannic) Greek: {{IPA-el}} Guaraní: {{IPA-gn}} Gujarati: {{IPA-gu}} Haitian Creole: {{IPA-ht}} Hawaiian: {{IPA-haw}} Hebrew: {{IPA-he}} (see also {{IPAc-he}} hereafter) Hindustani: {{IPA-hns}}, {{IPA-hi}} & {{IPA-ur}} Hungarian: {{IPA-hu}} (see also {{IPAc-hu}} hereafter) Icelandic: {{IPA-is}} Inuktitut: {{IPA-iu}} Irish: {{IPA-ga}} (see also {{IPAc-ga}} hereafter) Italian: {{IPA-it}} (see also {{IPAc-it}} hereafter) Japanese: {{IPA-ja}} (see also {{IPAc-ja}} hereafter) Judaeo-Spanish: {{IPA-lad}} Kashmiri: {{IPA-ks}} Kazakh: {{IPA-kk}} Khmer: {{IPA-km}} Klingon: {{IPA-tlh}} Korean: {{IPA-ko}} (see also {{IPAc-ko}} hereafter) Kurdish: {{IPA-ku}} Latin: {{IPA-la}} Latvian: {{IPA-lv}} Laz: {{IPA-lzz}} Lithuanian {{IPA-lt}} Luxembourgish: {{IPA-lb}} Macedonian: {{IPA-mk}} Malagasy: {{IPA-mg}} Malay and Indonesian: {{IPA-may}} & {{IPA-id}} Malayalam: {{IPA-ml}} Maltese: {{IPA-mt}} Mandaic: {{IPA-mid}} Mandarin Chinese: {{IPA-cmn}} (see also {{IPAc-cmn}} hereafter) Manchu: {{IPA-mnc}} Manx: {{IPA-gv}} Māori: {{IPA-mi}} (see also {{IPAc-mi}} hereafter) Marshallese: {{IPA-mh}} (see also {{IPAc-mh}} hereafter) Mayan: {{IPA-myn}} Mingrelian: {{IPA-xmf}} Mongolian: {{IPA-mn}} Nahuatl: {{IPA-nah}} Navajo: {{IPA-nav}} Neapolitan: {{IPA-nap}} Northern Thai: {{IPA-nod}} Norwegian: {{IPA-no}} Occitan: {{IPA-oc}} Oriya: {{IPA-or}} Oromo: {{IPA-om}} Persian: {{IPA-fa}} Polish: {{IPA-pl}} (see also {{IPAc-pl}} hereafter) Portuguese and Galician: {{IPA-pt}} & {{IPA-gl}} Punjabi: {{IPA-pa}} Quechua: {{IPA-qu}} Romanian: {{IPA-ro}} (see also {{IPAc-ro}} hereafter) Romansh: {{IPA-rm}} Russian: {{IPA-ru}} Sanskrit: {{IPA-sa}} Saterland Frisian: {{IPA-stq}} Scottish Gaelic: {{IPA-gd}} Serbian and Croatian: {{IPA-sh}}, {{IPA-hr}}, {{IPA-sr}} Shan and Tai Lü: {{IPA-shn}} Slovak: {{IPA-sk}} Slovene: {{IPA-sl}} Spanish: {{IPA-es}} (see also {{IPAc-es}} hereafter) Svan: {{IPA-sva}} Swazi: {{IPA-ss}} Swedish: {{IPA-sv}} Taiwanese Hokkien: {{IPA-taiwan}} Tagalog (Filipino): {{IPA-tl}} Tamil: {{IPA-ta}} Thai and Lao-Isan: {{IPA-th}} & {{IPA-lo}} Tibetan: {{IPA-bo}} Turkish, Azeri and Turkmen: {{IPA-tr}}, {{IPA-az}} & {{IPA-tk}} Ukrainian: {{IPA-uk}} Venetian: {{IPA-vec}} Vietnamese: {{IPA-vi}} Walloon: {{IPA-wa}} Wandamen: {{IPA-wad}} Welsh: {{IPA-cy}} West Frisian: {{IPA-fy}} Xhosa: {{IPA-xh}} Yiddish: {{IPA-yi}} Zulu: {{IPA-zu}}

 IPA-all للغات الغير مدعومة

Redirects have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated templates. Transcriptions which use these redirects will link to {{IPA-all}} for the time being; when a language-specific template is created the articles will be linked correctly. For example, you can use {{IPA-jv|word}} for Javanese, but for the moment it will be redirected to {{IPA-all}}, producing النطق الجاوي: [word].

اللغات وامتدادات اللغات (IPA-iso) بتحويلات إلى IPA-all

{{IPA-all}} (transcriptions not specific to any language, or which have not yet been reassigned) {{IPA-ace}} Acehnese {{IPA-ain}} Ainu {{IPA-ak}} Akan (Fante, Twi) {{IPA-alg}} Algonquian (Micmac, Cree) {{IPA-als}} اللهجات الألبانية {{IPA-an}} Aragonese {{IPA-arn}} Mapuche {{IPA-art}} artificial (Ido, Tolkien, etc.) {{IPA-ath}} Athabaskan (Dene, Navajo) {{IPA-ay}} Aymara {{IPA-azc}} Uto-Aztecan (Shoshone, Comanche) {{IPA-ba}} Bashkir {{IPA-bm}} Manding/Bambara {{IPA-bodia}} Bodish {{IPA-br}} Breton {{IPA-cau}} (North) Caucasian {{IPA-cel}} Celtic (Brythonic, Gaulish) {{IPA-ch}} Chamorro {{IPA-cop}} Coptic {{IPA-csb}} Kashubian {{IPA-cv}} Chuvash {{IPA-dedia}} German dialects {{IPA-dv}} Dhivehi {{IPA-ee}} Gbe (Ewe, Fon) {{IPA-enm}} Middle English {{IPA-esdia}} Spanish dialects {{IPA-fo}} Faroese {{IPA-frdia}} French dialects (Canadian, Metis, Norman) {{IPA-fy}} Frisian {{IPA-gez}} Ge'ez {{IPA-gsw}} Alemannic (Swiss, Alsatian) {{IPA-ha}} Hausa {{IPA-hak}} Hakka {{IPA-hmn}} Hmong {{IPA-ig}} Igbo {{IPA-ik}} Inupiat {{IPA-ira}} Iranian (Old Persian, Kurdish, Pamir) {{IPA-iro}} Iroquoian (Mohawk, Cherokee) {{IPA-itdia}} Italian dialects (Tuscan, Romanesco, Marchigiano, etc.) {{IPA-jv}} Javanese {{IPA-ki}} Kikuyu {{IPA-kl}} Greenlandic {{IPA-kn}} Kannada {{IPA-kok}} Konkani {{IPA-kw}} Cornish {{IPA-ky}} Kyrgyz {{IPA-lg}} Ganda {{IPA-lij}} Ligurian (Genoese) {{IPA-lmo}} Lombard {{IPA-ltc}} Middle Chinese {{IPA-mga}} Middle Irish {{IPA-mnw}} Mon {{IPA-moh}} Mohawk {{IPA-mos}} Mossi/Gurunsi {{IPA-mr}} Marathi {{IPA-mus}} Muskogean (Chickasaw, Creek) {{IPA-nan}} Minnan/Taiwanese {{IPA-ne}} Nepali {{IPA-non}} Old Norse {{IPA-ny}} Chewa {{IPA-oax}} Oaxaca (Zapotec, Mixe, Otomi) {{IPA-pap}} Papiamento {{IPA-pms}} Piedmontese {{IPA-poly}} (other) Polynesian {{IPA-ps}} Pashto {{IPA-rw}} Rwanda-Rundi {{IPA-ryu}} Okinawan langs {{IPA-sal}} Salish & NW Coast {{IPA-scn}} Sicilian {{IPA-sco}} Scots {{IPA-sd}} Sindhi {{IPA-sei}} Seri {{IPA-sem}} (ancient) Semitic, Egyptian {{IPA-sga}} Old Irish {{IPA-si}} Sinhala {{IPA-sio}} Siouan (Omaha, Lakota) {{IPA-sla}} Slavic (old Slavic, Silesian, Sorbian) {{IPA-sm}} Samoan {{IPA-sn}} Shona {{IPA-so}} Somali {{IPA-srd}} Sardinian {{IPA-st}} Sotho {{IPA-su}} Sundanese {{IPA-sw}} Swahili {{IPA-syr}} Syriac {{IPA-te}} Telugu {{IPA-tn}} Tswana {{IPA-to}} Tongan {{IPA-tt}} Tatar {{IPA-tyv}} Tuvan {{IPA-ug}} Uyghur {{IPA-uz}} Uzbek {{IPA-wo}} Wolof {{IPA-wuu}} Wu/Shanghainese {{IPA-xx}} (unidentified) {{IPA-yo}} Yoruba

 التحويل إلى أص‌د

The template {{x2i}} takes X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.

Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:

Arabic, {{IPAc-ar}}	{{IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}} → تلفظ عربي: [2]  ( سماع)
Mandarin, {{IPAc-cmn}}	{{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} → [tʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ʐə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwɔ̌]
German, {{IPAc-de}}	{{IPAc-de|d|er|_|s|o|z|i|a|'|l|I|s|m|u|s|_|,|f|u|n|k|t|i|o|'|n|ie|r|t|_|'|n|I|ch|t}} → قالب:IPAc-de
English, {{IPAc-en}}	{{IPAc-en|'|s|&|n|d|k|a:|s|@l}} → /ˈsændkɑːsəl/
Spanish, {{IPAc-es}}	{{IPAc-es|m|i|'|gu|e|l|_|d|e|_|c|e|r|'|v|a|n|t|e|s|_|s|aa|'|v|e|d|r|a}} → [miˈɣel ðe θeɾˈβantes saːˈβeðɾa]
French, {{IPAc-fr}}	{{IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}} → [jə sɥi.z‿ameʁikɛ̃[unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input][unsupported input]]
Irish, {{IPAc-ga}}	{{IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}} → [ˈbˠalʲə ˈaːhə ˈclʲiəh]
Hebrew, {{IPAc-he}}	{{IPAc-he|y|a|ʿ|a|k|o|v}} → []
Hungarian, {{IPAc-hu}}	{{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}} → قالب:IPAc-hu
Italian, {{IPAc-it}}	{{IPAc-it|ˈ|i|.|o|_|ˈ|s|o|ː|.|n|o|_|a|.|m|e|.|r|i|ˈ|k|a|ː|.|n|o}} → [ˈi.o ˈsoː.no a.me.riˈaː.no]
Japanese, {{IPAc-ja}}	{{IPAc-ja|ku|ro|si|o}} → [kɯɾoɕio]
Georgian {{IPAc-ka}}	{{IPAc-ka|dz|a|l|a|_|e|r|t|o|b|a|sh|i|a}} → قالب:IPAc-ka
Korean, {{IPAc-ko}}	{{IPAc-ko|h|a|ng|eo}} → قالب:IPAc-ko
Marshallese, {{IPAc2-mh}}	{{IPAc-mh|m|yay|J|^yeh|r|how|ow}} → [mʲæzʲ(ɛ͡ʌ)rˠɤ͡oo̯]
Māori, {{IPAc-mi}}	{{IPAc-mi|ng|ā|r|u|a|'|w|ā|h|i|a}} → قالب:IPAc-mi
Dutch, {{IPAc-nl}}	{{IPAc-nl|ˈ|k|o|n|i|n|k|r|ij|k|_|d|e|r|_|ˈ|n|e|d|-e-|r|l|a|n|d|en}} →
Polish, {{IPAc-pl}}	{{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}} → [ˈʂt​͡ʂɛt​͡ɕin]
Romanian, {{IPAc-ro}}	{{IPAc-ro|ˈ|m|U|n|ț|ii|_|f|ă|G|ă|ˈ|r|a|ș|u|l|u|i}} → نطق روماني: [ˈ] ( سماع)

 انظر أيضاً

• {{respell}}, for pronunciation respellings, which may be used for English words in addition to the IPA
• {{lang-nci-IPA}}, for dual Nahuatl-IPA transcription