قاعدة كيپ كناڤرال للقوات الجوية

"CCAFS" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة كيپ كود، انظر Cape Cod Air Force Station.

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Kennedy Space Center.

محطة كيپ كناڤرال للقوات الجوية (Cape Canaveral Air Force Station وتُختصر CCAFS كما كانت تُعرف بإسم محطة كيپ كندي للقوات الجوية من 1963 حتى 1973) هي تمركز الجناح 45 الفضائي التابع للقوات الجوية الأمريكية.

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
جزء من قاعدة پاترك للقوات الجوية
بالقرب من كوكو بيتش، فلوريدا في الولايات المتحدة
كيپ كناڤرال ق.ج. الموقع في الولايات المتحدة
الإحداثيات	28°29′20″N 80°34′40″W
النوع	محطة للقوات الجوية الأمريكية
المساحة	1,325 acres (5 km2)
معلومات الموقع
المالك	Department of Defense
المشغل	United States Space Force
يتحكم فيه	45th Space Wing
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.patrick.af.mil/
تاريخ الموقع
بُني	1949 (1949) (as the Joint Long Range Proving Ground)
قيد الاستخدام	1949 – present
معلومات الحامية
الحامية	45th Space Wing
معلومات مدرج جوي
المميزات	ICAO: KXMR، FAA LID: XMR
الارتفاع	3 metres (10 ft) فوق سطح البحر
المدارج الاتجاه الطول والسطح 13/31 3,048 metres (10,000 ft)
المصدر: إدارة الطيران الفدرالية
قاعدة كيپ كناڤرال للقوات الجوية
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
منطقة معلم تاريخي وطني أمريكي
الموقع	كيپ كناڤرال، فلوريدا، الولايات المتحدة
بُنيَ	1950+
الزوار	Not open to the public
NRHP reference No.
تواريخ بارزة
أضيف إلى NRHP	April 16, 1984
Designated NHLD	April 16, 1984

The facility was scheduled to be renamed Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) in March 2020, but the renaming was postponed indefinitely because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

قيادة CCAFS توجد في قاعدة پاترك للقوات الجوية المجاورة، بينما منشآتها توجد في كيپ كناڤرال في Brevard County, Florida, CCAFS. The station is the primary launch head of America's Eastern Range with three launch pads currently active (Space Launch Complexes 37B, 40, and 41). Popularly known as "Cape Kennedy" from 1963 to 1973, and as "Cape Canaveral" from 1949 to 1963 and from 1973 to the present, the facility is south-southeast of NASA's Kennedy Space Center on adjacent Merritt Island, with the two linked by bridges and causeways. The Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Skid Strip provides a 10,000-foot (3,000 m) runway close to the launch complexes for military airlift aircraft delivering heavy and outsized payloads to the Cape.

A number of American space exploration pioneers were launched from CCAFS, including the first U.S. Earth satellite in 1958, first U.S. astronaut (1961), first U.S. astronaut in orbit (1962), first two-man U.S. spacecraft (1965), first U.S. unmanned lunar landing (1966), and first three-man U.S. spacecraft (1968). It was also the launch site for all of the first spacecraft to (separately) fly past each of the planets in the Solar System (1962–1977), the first spacecraft to orbit Mars (1971) and roam its surface (1996), the first American spacecraft to orbit and land on Venus (1978), the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn (2004), and to orbit Mercury (2011), and the first spacecraft to leave the Solar System (1977). Portions of the base have been designated a National Historic Landmark for their association with the early years of the American space program.

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 التاريخ

The CCAFS area had been used by the United States government to test missiles since 1949, when President Harry S. Truman established the Joint Long Range Proving Ground at Cape Canaveral. The location was among the best in the continental United States for this purpose, as it allowed for launches out over the Atlantic Ocean, and is closer to the equator than most other parts of the United States, allowing rockets to get a boost from the Earth's rotation.

 حقل تجارب للقوات الجوية

A Bumper V-2 was the first missile launched at Cape Canaveral, on July 24, 1950.

NASA's Launch Services Program (LSP) is responsible for oversight of launch operations and countdown management for all uncrewed launches at Cape Canaveral which it does not operate.

 بوينگ X-37B

The Boeing X-37B, a reusable uncrewed spacecraft operated by USAF which is also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), has been successfully launched four times from Cape Canaveral. The first four X-37B missions have been launched with Atlas V rockets. Past launch dates for the X-37B spaceplane include April 22, 2010, March 5, 2011, December 11, 2012, and May 20, 2015. The fourth X-37B mission landed at the Kennedy Space Center on May 7, 2017, after 718 days in orbit. The first three X-37B missions all made successful autonomous landings from space to a 15,000 foot (4,600 m) runway located at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California which was originally designed for Space Shuttle return from orbit operations.

 العمليات والبنية التحتية والمنشآت

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station; click on a label to read more about it.

Of the launch complexes built since 1950, several have been leased and modified for use by private aerospace companies. Launch Complex SLC-17 was used for the Delta II Heavy variant, through 2011. Launch Complexes SLC-37 and SLC-41 were modified to launch EELV Delta IV and Atlas V launch vehicles, respectively. These launch vehicles replaced all earlier Delta, Atlas, and Titan rockets. Launch Complex SLC-47 is used to launch weather sounding rockets. Launch Complex SLC-46 is reserved for use by Space Florida.

SLC-40 hosted the first launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 in June 2010. Falcon 9 launches continued from this complex through 2015, consisting of unmanned Commercial Resupply Services missions for NASA to the International Space Station as well as commercial satellite flights. SpaceX has also leased Launch Complex 39A from NASA and has completed modifying it to accommodate Falcon Heavy and Commercial Crew manned spaceflights to the ISS with their Crew Dragon spacecraft in 2019. SpaceX Landing Zone 1 and 2, used to land first stages of the Falcon 9 and the side boosters of the Falcon Heavy, are located at the site of the former LC-13.

On September 16, 2015, NASA announced that Blue Origin has leased Launch Complex 36 and will modify it as a launch site for their next-generation launch vehicles.

In the case of low-inclination (geostationary) launches the location of the area at 28°27'N put it at a slight disadvantage against other launch facilities situated nearer the equator. The boost eastward from the Earth's rotation is about 406 m/s (908 miles per hour) at Cape Canaveral, but 463 m/s (1,035 miles per hour) at the European Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.

In the case of high-inclination (polar) launches, the latitude does not matter, but the Cape Canaveral area is not suitable, because inhabited areas underlie these trajectories; Vandenberg Air Force Base, Cape Canaveral's West coast counterpart, or the smaller Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska (PSCA) are used instead.

The Air Force Space and Missile Museum is located at LC-26. Hangar AE, located in the CCAFS Industrial Area, collects telemetry from launches all over the United States. NASA's Launch Services Program has three Launch Vehicle Data Centers (LVDC) within that display telemetry real-time for engineers.

 مدرج انزلاق قاعدة كيپ كناڤرال للقوات الجوية

The runway was first called the Skid Strip because SM-62 Snark cruise missiles (which lacked wheels) returning from test flights were supposed to skid to a halt on it.

In the 1960s the Douglas C-133 Cargomaster was a frequent visitor, carrying modified Atlas and Titan missiles, used as launch vehicles for crewed and uncrewed space programs leading to the Apollo Moon landings. The Skid Strip was used by NASA's Pregnant Guppy and Super Guppy transport aircraft carrying the S-IVB upper stage for the Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets used in Apollo program.

Today, it is predominantly used by USAF C-130 Hercules, C-17 Globemaster III and C-5 Galaxy aircraft transporting satellite payloads to CCAFS for mating with launch vehicles.

The CCAFS Skid Strip is sometimes confused with the NASA Shuttle Landing Facility, but that runway, specially constructed for the Space Shuttle, is located on Merritt Island at the adjacent of Kennedy Space Center.

 وحدة اختبار الذخيرة البحرية

A tenant command located at Cape Canaveral AFS is the U.S. Navy's Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU). As a major shore command led by a Navy captain, NOTU was created in 1950 and initially directed almost all of its efforts towards the development and subsequent support of the submarine-launched Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) program. This resulted in NOTU being assigned to the Director, Special Projects (now Strategic Systems Programs) with a mission to support the development of the Polaris missile and later the Poseidon missile programs.

NOTU's mission is the support and testing of sea-based weapons systems for the United States Navy and the Royal Navy in a safe environment utilizing the airspace and waterspace of the Eastern Range. The command directly supports the mission capability and readiness of the United States Navy's Trident Submarines as well as the Fleet Ballistic Missile program of the United Kingdom. NOTU operates the Navy Port at Port Canaveral, supporting submarines and surface ships of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, NATO, Allied and other foreign navies, and assets of the Military Sealift Command. NOTU is composed of over 100 active duty U.S. Navy personnel and over 70 defense contractors.

 ماء الشرب

The base obtains potable water from the city of Cocoa. A single potable water line from Cocoa runs under the Sykes Creek Bridge at Sea Ray Drive.

 الوحدات المتمركزة

Flying (e.g., USAF space vehicle, not USAF aircraft) and notable non-flying units are based at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Units marked GSU are Air Force Geographically Separate Units which, although based at Cape Canaveral AFS, are subordinate to the 45th Space Wing headquarters at Patrick AFB.

 قوة الفضاء الأمريكية

• Fourteenth Air Force
  • 45th Space Wing
    • 45th Launch Group (GSU)
      • 5th Space Launch Squadron – Atlas V and Delta IV
      • 45th Launch Support Squadron (Deactivated and merged with 5th SLS Late 2018)
    • 45th Operations Group (GSU)
      • 45th Range Squadron
      • 45th Space Communications Squadron
      • 45th Weather Squadron

 البحرية الأمريكية

• Naval Ordnance Test Unit

 معرض صور

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  Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (shown in green)

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  Cape Canaveral as seen from orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1991

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  Cape Canaveral lighthouse

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  Looking north along Missile Row in the 1960s

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  Titan III-E launches Voyager 2 probe in 1977 from SLC-41

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  First Delta IV Heavy booster launches from SLC-37 in 2007

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  Launch of a set of Orbcomm communications satellites atop a Falcon 9 rocket from SLC-40 in 2015

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  Mission Control Center used for Mercury Program and Gemini III

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  The sign located at the entrance to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

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 انظر أيضاً

• List of Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island launch sites

 المصادر

• "Launch Site Safety Assessment, Section 1.0 Eastern Range General Range Capabilities" (PDF). Research Triangle Institute, Center for Aerospace Technology (CAST), Florida Office. Federal Aviation Administration. مارس 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on مارس 26, 2009. Retrieved يناير 25, 2010.

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at Wikimedia Commons
• Patrick Air Force Base
• Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Virtual Tour
• Air Force Space and Missile Museum Web site
• "Cape Canaveral Lighthouse Shines Again" article and video interview about the lighthouse
• Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
• الفيلم القصير "The Cape (1963)" متاح للتنزيل المجاني على أرشيف الإنترنت [more]
• سجل الهندسة الأمريكية التاريخية (HAER) No. FL-8-5, "Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard, FL"
• Key Events in Apollo
• The Launch Pads of Cape Canaveral