المعرفة

قائمة رؤوس دول المكسيك


رئيس دولة المكسيك هو الشخص الذي يسيطر على السلطة التنفيذية في البلاد. بموجب الدستور الحالي ، تقع هذه المسؤولية على عاتق رئيس الولايات المكسيكية المتحدة ، الذي يرأس السلطة التنفيذية العليا للاتحاد المكسيكي.[1] طوال تاريخها كان للمكسيك عدة أشكال من الحكومة. بموجب الدساتير الفيدرالية ، كان لقب الرئيس هو نفسه الحالي. تحت سبعة قوانين ( مركزية) ، تم تسمية الرئيس التنفيذي باسم رئيس الجمهورية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، كانت هناك فترتان من القاعدة الملكية ، تم خلالها السيطرة علي السلطة التنفيذية من قبل إمبراطور المكسيك.


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الإمبراطورية المكسيكية الأولى (1821-1823)

المقالة الرئيسية: First Mexican Empire


ريجنسي الأول

بعد نهاية حرب الاستقلال المكسيكية ، تم إنشاء مجلس حكم مؤقت يتألف من أربعة وثلاثين شخصًا. قرر المجلس ووقع على إعلان استقلال الإمبراطورية المكسيكية وعين وصاية مكونة من ستة أشخاص.

Regency Members[2] Took office Left office Notes
  Agustín de Iturbide September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
  Juan O'Donojú September 28, 1821 October 8, 1821 Died in office.
  Antonio Pérez Martínez October 8, 1821 April 11, 1822
  Manuel de la Barcéna September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
  José Isidro Yañez September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
  Manuel Velázquez de León September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822

ريجنسي الثاني

Regency Members Took office Left office Notes
  Agustín de Iturbide April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  José Isidro Yañez April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  Miguel Valentín April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  Manuel de Heras April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  Nicolás Bravo April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822

أگوستين الأول

Emperor Coat of Arms Reign Start Reign Ended Royal House Consort
  Agustín I
(1783–1824) 		  May 19, 1822 March 19, 1823 Iturbide   Ana María
(1786–1861)

الحكومة المؤقتة (1823–1824)

المقالة الرئيسية: Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24)

كانت [[حكومة المكسيك المؤقتة (1823–184] | الحكومة المؤقتة لـ 1823-1824]] منظمة عملت التنفيذية في حكومة المكسيك بعد النهاية الإمبراطورية المكسيكية من Agustín I ، عام 1823.[3] كانت المنظمة مسؤولة عن عقد الهيئة التي أنشأت الجمهورية الفيدرالية وتواجدت من 1 أبريل 1823 إلى 10 أكتوبر 1824.[4]


Provisional Government Head of State[5][6][7] Took office Left office Notes
    Nicolás Bravo March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
  گوادالوپه ڤيكتوريا March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
  Pedro Celestino Negrete March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
  Mariano Michelena April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member
  Miguel Domínguez April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member
  Vicente Guerrero April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member

الجمهورية الفيدرالية الأولى (1824-1835)

المقالة الرئيسية: First Mexican Republic
No.
 Portrait President Took office Left office Political Party Vice President Notes
1   گوادالوپه ڤيكتوريا
(1786–1843) 		October 10, 1824 March 31, 1829 Independent Nicolás Bravo First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[8]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 2   Vicente Guerrero
(1782–1831) 		April 1, 1829 December 17, 1829 Liberal Party Anastasio Bustamante He was appointed by Congress after the "resignation" of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.[9][10]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 3   José María Bocanegra
(1787–1862) 		December 17, 1829 December 23, 1829 Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.[11][12]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Pedro Vélez
(1787–1848) 		December 23, 1829 December 31, 1829 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.[13]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 4   Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		January 1, 1830 August 13, 1832 Conservative Party As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the coup against Guerrero.[14]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 5   Melchor Múzquiz
(1790–1844) 		August 14, 1832 December 24, 1832 Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.[15][16][17]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 6   Manuel Gómez Pedraza
(1789–1851) 		December 24, 1832 March 31, 1833 Federalist York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not "resigned" prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828.[18][19]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 7   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		April 1, 1833 May 16, 1833 Liberal Party As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
[20][21][22]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 8   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		May 16, 1833 June 3, 1833 Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834.
[21][23][24][25]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		June 3, 1833 June 18, 1833 Liberal Party
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		June 18, 1833 July 5, 1833 Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		July 5, 1833 October 27, 1833 Liberal Party
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		October 27, 1833 December 15, 1833 Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		December 16, 1833 April 24, 1834 Liberal Party He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again and he went into exile.[22][26]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		April 24, 1834 January 27, 1835 Liberal Party He cancelled the liberal reforms. On January 27, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Gomez Farias as Vice President.[22][26][27]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 9   Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		January 28, 1835 February 27, 1836 Liberal Party He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of Zacatecas. On October 23, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.[28][29][30][31]


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الجمهورية المركزية (1835–1846)

المقالة الرئيسية: Centralist Republic of Mexico
No.
 Portrait President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 9   Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		January 28, 1835 February 27, 1836 Liberal Party He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.[28]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 10   José Justo Corro
(1794–1864) 		February 27, 1836 April 19, 1837 Conservative Party He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term.
During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and
Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.[32][33][34]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		April 19, 1837 March 18, 1839 Conservative Party He took office as constitutional elected president.
He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term.[35][36]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		March 18, 1839 July 10, 1839 He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.[23][37]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 11   Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		July 11, 1839 July 19, 1839 Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.[25][38][39]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		July 19, 1839 September 22, 1841 Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency.[25][40]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 12   Francisco Javier Echeverría
(1797–1852) 		September 22, 1841 October 10, 1841 Conservative Party He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia.
He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.[41][42][43]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		October 10, 1841 October 26, 1842 He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).[44][45][46]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		October 26, 1842 March 4, 1843 Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.[39][46]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		March 4, 1843 October 4, 1843 He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.[47]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 13   Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		October 4, 1843 June 4, 1844 Conservative Party He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.[48][49]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		June 4, 1844 September 12, 1844 He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.[50][51]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 14   José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		September 12, 1844 September 21, 1844 Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.[51][52]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		September 21, 1844 December 6, 1844 Conservative Party He assumed the presidency as interim president.[53]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		December 6, 1844 December 30, 1845 Liberal Party He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate
after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.[52][54][55]
rowspan="2" style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 15   Mariano Paredes
(1797–1849) 		December 31, 1845 July 28, 1846 Conservative Party He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera.
On June 12, he was appointed interim president.[56][57]
Vice President[57]
Nicolás Bravo
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		July 28, 1846 August 4, 1846 Conservative Party He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War.
He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.[58][59][60]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 16   José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		August 5, 1846 December 23, 1846 Conservative Party He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela).
He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on August 22.[61][62][63]
He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.

الجمهورية الفيدرالية الثانية (1846-1863)

المقالة الرئيسية: Second Federal Republic of Mexico
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 16   José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		August 6, 1846 December 23, 1846 Conservative Party After he restored the federalism, he called elections.
Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.[61][64]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		December 23, 1846 March 21, 1847 Liberal Party As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the Americans in the Mexican–American War.[65]
rowspan="2" style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		March 21, 1847 April 2, 1847 Liberal Party He took office as elected interim president.[66]
Vice President
Valentín Gómez Farías
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 17   Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		April 2, 1847 May 20, 1847 Liberal Party Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.[67][68][69]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		May 20, 1847 September 15, 1847 Liberal Party He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War.[70][71]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 18   Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		September 16, 1847 November 13, 1847 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.[72][73]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		November 13, 1847 January 8, 1848 Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		January 8, 1848 June 3, 1848 Liberal Party He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned
after refusing to give any land to the United States.[74] During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		June 3, 1848 January 15, 1851 Liberal Party He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.[75]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 19   Mariano Arista
(1802–1855) 		January 15, 1851 January 5, 1853 Liberal Party He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.[76]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 20   Juan Bautista Ceballos
(1811–1859) 		January 5, 1853 February 7, 1853 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.[77]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 21   Manuel María Lombardini
(1802–1853) 		February 8, 1853 April 20, 1853 Conservative Party He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.[78]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   أنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آنا
(1794–1876) 		April 20, 1853 August 9, 1855 Liberal Party He swore as President but ruled as dictator.
He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).[79][80]
From this period, the only lasting thing is the Mexican National Anthem.[81][82]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 22   Martín Carrera
(1806–1871) 		August 9, 1855 September 12, 1855 Conservative Party He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla
but he took office until August 15.[82][83]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 23   Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
(1800–1877) 		September 12, 1855 October 4, 1855 Conservative Party He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.[84][85]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 24   Juan Álvarez
(1790–1867) 		October 4, 1855 December 11, 1855 Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.[86][87]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 25   إگناسيو كومون‌فورت
(1812–1863) 		December 11, 1855 December 17, 1857 Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned.
He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.[88][89]


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الرؤساء المعترف بهم من قبل الليبراليين خلال حرب الإصلاح

المقالة الرئيسية: Reform War
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 26   بنيتو خواريز
(1806–1872) 		December 18, 1857 July 18, 1872 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858.
The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.[90]

الرؤساء المعترف بهم من قبل المحافظين خلال حرب الإصلاح

المقالة الرئيسية: Reform War
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 25   إگناسيو كومون‌فورت
(1812–1863) 		December 17, 1857 January 21, 1858 Liberal Party After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was not longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.[91][92]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 27   Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		January 11, 1858 December 24, 1858 Conservative Party After disown Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.[93]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 28   Manuel Robles Pezuela
(1817–1862) 		December 24, 1858 January 23, 1859 Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.[94][95]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		January 24, 1859 February 1, 1859 Conservative Party He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.[94][96]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 29   Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		February 2, 1859 August 13, 1860 Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.[97]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 30   José Ignacio Pavón
(1791–1866) 		August 13, 1860 August 15, 1860 Conservative Party As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government,
he took office for two days when Miramón left office.[98]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		August 15, 1860 December 24, 1860 Conservative Party He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected
by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives.
He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.[99]
style="background:قالب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		May 23, 1861 December 28, 1862 Conservative Party Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.[100]

الإمبراطورية المكسيكية الثانية (1863–1867)

المقالة الرئيسية: Second Mexican Empire

ريجنسي

في 22 يونيو 1863 ، تم إنشاء "مجلس الحكم الأعلى". في 11 يوليو ، أصبح المجلس ريجنسي الإمبراطورية. [101][102]

Regent[2] Took office Left office Political Party Notes
  Juan Nepomuceno Almonte July 11, 1863 April 10, 1864 Conservative Party
  José Mariano Salas July 11, 1863 April 10, 1864 Conservative Party
  Pelagio Antonio de Labastida October 19, 1863 April 10, 1864 Conservative Party

ماكسيميليان الأول

Emperor Coat of Arms Reign Start Reign Ended Royal House Consort
  Maximilian I
(1832–1867) 		  April 10, 1864 June 19, 1867 آل هابسبورگ   Carlota of Mexico
(1840–1927)

الجمهورية المستعادة (1867–1876)

No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
rowspan="5" style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 26   بنيتو خواريز
(1806–1872) 		December 18, 1857 June 11, 1861 Liberal Party The first term he was interim president during the Reform War.
The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on December 1.
The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion.
The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic.
June 11, 1861 November 30, 1865
December 1, 1865 November 30, 1867
December 1, 1867 November 30, 1871
December 1, 1871 July 18, 1872
rowspan="2" style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 31   Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
(1823–1889) 		July 18, 1872 November 30, 1872 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was the winner or the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term.[103]
December 1, 1872 November 20, 1876
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 32   José María Iglesias
(1823–1891) 		October 26, 1876 November 28, 1876 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.[104]

بورفيرياتو (1876–1911)

المقالة الرئيسية: Porfiriato
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 33   پورفيريو دياز
(1830–1915) 		November 28, 1876 December 6, 1876 Liberal Party He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.[105]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 34   Juan Nepomuceno Méndez
(1824–1894) 		December 6, 1876 February 17, 1877 Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.[106]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" |   پورفيريو دياز
(1830–1915) 		February 17, 1877 November 30, 1880 Liberal Party He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.[107]
style="background:قالب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 35   Manuel González Flores
(1833–1893) 		December 1, 1880 November 30, 1884 Liberal Party He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.[108]
rowspan="7" style="background:قالب:National Porfirist Party/meta/color;" |   پورفيريو دياز
(1830–1915) 		December 1, 1884 November 30, 1888 National Porfirist Party
National Reelectionist Party 		He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.
He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.[109]
December 1, 1888 November 30, 1892
December 1, 1892 November 30, 1896
December 1, 1896 November 30, 1900
December 1, 1900 November 30, 1904
December 1, 1904 November 30, 1910 Vice President
Ramón Corral
(since 1904)
December 1, 1910 May 25, 1911

ثورة (1911-1928)

المقالة الرئيسية: Mexican Revolution
Parties

  Anti-Reelectionist Party→Progressive Constitutionalist Party
  Independent

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
36   Francisco León de la Barra
(1863–1939) 		May 25, 1911 November 5, 1911 According to the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections.[110]
rowspan="2" style="background:قالب:Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 37 [111]   فرانشسكو ماديرو
(1873–1913) 		November 6, 1911 February 19, 1913 He was the winner of the special election of 1911.
He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days in which Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the American ambassador Henry L. Wilson were involved. He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suárez.[112][113]
Vice President
José María Pino Suárez
38   Pedro Lascuráin
(1856–1952) 		February 19, 1913 As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of Interior and then resigned the Presidency.[114]
39   ڤيكتوريانو هوِرتا
(1850–1916) 		February 19, 1913 July 15, 1914 He assumed office via a coup against فرانشسكو ماديرو. He was defeated by the constitutionalist army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.[115][116]
40   Francisco S. Carvajal
(1870–1932) 		July 15, 1914 August 13, 1914 He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta.
He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.[117]

الرؤساء المعترف بهم في اتفاقية أگواسكالينتس

المقالة الرئيسية: Convention of Aguascalientes
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
41   Eulalio Gutiérrez
(1881–1939) 		November 6, 1914 January 16, 1915 He was appointed provisional president.[118]
42   Roque González Garza
(1885–1962) 		January 16, 1915 June 10, 1915 He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City.[119]
43   Francisco Lagos Cházaro
(1878–1932) 		June 10, 1915 October 10, 1915 He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned.[120]

استعادة الديمقراطية

Parties

  Liberal Constitutionalist Party
  Laborist Party

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
rowspan="4" style="background:قالب:Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 44   Venustiano Carranza
(1859–1920) 		Head of the Executive Power
First Chief of the Constitutional Army 		He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal.
He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the federal elections of 1917 and took office as Constitutional President on May 1, 1917.
He was killed during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta.[121]
August 13, 1914 April 30, 1917
President of Mexico
May 1, 1917 May 21, 1920
style="background:قالب:Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 45   Adolfo de la Huerta
(1881–1955) 		June 1, 1920 November 30, 1920 He was appointed provisional president by Congress.[122]
style="background:قالب:Mexican Laborist Party/meta/color;" | 46   ألڤارو أوبريگون
(1880–1928) 		December 1, 1920 November 30, 1924 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.[123]
style="background:قالب:Mexican Laborist Party/meta/color;" | 47   Plutarco Elías Calles
(1877–1945) 		December 1, 1924 November 30, 1928 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.[124]

ماكسيماتو (1928-1934)

المقالة الرئيسية: Maximato
Party

  National Revolutionary Party

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 48   Emilio Portes Gil
(1890–1978) 		December 1, 1928 February 4, 1930 After the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón, he was appointed interim president by Congress.[125]
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 49   Pascual Ortiz Rubio
(1877–1963) 		February 5, 1930 September 4, 1932 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929.
He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government.[126][127]
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 50   Abelardo L. Rodríguez
(1889–1967) 		September 4, 1932 November 30, 1934 He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928–1934 term.[128]

المكسيك الحديثة (1934 – الآن)

المقالة الرئيسية: Sexenio (Mexico)

After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.

Parties

  National Revolutionary Party→Party of the Mexican Revolution→Institutional Revolutionary Party
  National Action Party
  National Regeneration Movement

No.
 President Took office Left office Elections
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 51   لازارو كاردناس
(1895–1970) 		December 1, 1934 November 30, 1940 1934
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 52   مانويل أڤيلا كماتشو
(1896–1955) 		December 1, 1940 November 30, 1946 1940
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 53   ميگل ألمان ڤالديس
(1900–1983) 		December 1, 1946 November 30, 1952 1946
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 54   Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
(1889–1973) 		December 1, 1952 November 30, 1958 1952
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 55   Adolfo López Mateos
(1910–1969) 		December 1, 1958 November 30, 1964 1958
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 56   Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
(1911–1979) 		December 1, 1964 November 30, 1970 1964
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 57   Luis Echeverría
(born 1922) 		December 1, 1970 November 30, 1976 1970
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 58   José López Portillo y Pacheco
(1920–2004) 		December 1, 1976 November 30, 1982 1976 (uncontested)
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 59   Miguel de la Madrid
(1934–2012) 		December 1, 1982 November 30, 1988 1982
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 60   Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(born 1948) 		December 1, 1988 November 30, 1994 1988
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 61   إرنستو زديو
(born 1951) 		December 1, 1994 November 30, 2000 1994
style="background:قالب:National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 62   ڤيسنته فوكس
(born 1942) 		December 1, 2000 November 30, 2006 2000
style="background:قالب:National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 63   Felipe Calderón
(born 1962) 		December 1, 2006 November 30, 2012 2006
style="background:قالب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 64   إنريكه پنيا
(born 1966) 		December 1, 2012 November 30, 2018 2012
style="background:قالب:National Regeneration Movement/meta/color;" | 65   أندرِس مانوِل لوپـِس أوبرادور
(born 1953) 		December 1, 2018 Incumbent 2018

الرؤساء السابقون الأحياء

As of مايو 2024, there are six living former Presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former President was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.

الرؤساء الذين ماتوا في المنصب

President Term of office Date of death Notes
بنيتو خواريز 1859–1864
1867–1872 		July 18, 1872 (age 66) He is the only President of Mexico who died peacefully while in office.
ڤنوستيانو كارّانزا 1914–1920 May 21, 1920 (age 60) He is the only President of Mexico to be assassinated in office.

الجدول الزمني

أندرِس مانوِل لوپـِس أوبرادورإنريكه پنياFelipe Calderónڤيسنته فوكسإرنستو زديوCarlos Salinas de GortariMiguel de la MadridJosé López PortilloLuis EcheverríaGustavo Díaz OrdazAdolfo López MateosAdolfo Ruiz Cortinesميگل ألمان ڤالديسمانويل أڤيلا كماتشولازارو كاردناسAbelardo L. RodríguezPascual Ortiz RubioEmilio Portes GilPlutarco Elías Callesألڤارو أوبريگونAdolfo de la Huertaڤنوستيانو كارّانزاLagos ChazaroGonzales GarzaEulalio GutiérrezFrancisco S. Carvajalڤيكتوريانو هوِرتاPedro Lascuráinفرانشسكو ماديروFrancisco León de la BarraManuel González FloresJuan Nepomuceno Méndezپورفيريو ديازJosé María IglesiasSebastián Lerdo de TejadaMaximilian I of MexicoPelagio Antonio de LabastidaJuan Nepomuceno Almonteبنيتو خواريزإگناسيو كومون‌فورتJuan ÁlvarezRómulo Díaz de la VegaMartín CarreraManuel María LombardiniJuan Bautista CeballosMariano AristaManuel de la Peña y PeñaPedro María de AnayaJosé Mariano SalasMariano ParedesJosé Joaquín de HerreraValentín CanalizoFrancisco Javier EcheverríaJosé Justo CorroMiguel Barragánأنطونيو لوپيز دى سانتا آناValentín Gómez FaríasManuel Gómez PedrazaMelchor MúzquizAnastasio BustamantePedro VélezJosé Maria BocanegraVicente GuerreroMiguel DomínguezMariano MichelenaPedro Celestino Negreteگوادالوپه ڤيكتورياNicolás BravoManuel de HerasMiguel ValentínManuel Velázquez de LeónJosé Isidro YañezManuel de la BarcénaAntonio Pérez MartínezJuan O'DonojúAgustín de Iturbide

أنظرأيضاً

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