قائمة الجزيئات فى الفضاء بين النجوم
الجزئ بين نجمي molecules in interstellar space هو جزيء يوجد في السدم السماوية وتطلق الجزيئات موجات راديوية يمكن التقاطها من خلال التلسكوبات ز وهناك أكثر من خمسين من الجزيئات معروفة في الكون وإن كثيرا منها يحتوي على كربون.
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كشفها
جزيئات
ثنائي الذرة
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
AlCl | Aluminium monochloride[2][3] | — |
AlF | Aluminium monofluoride[4][2] | — |
AlO | Aluminium monoxide[5] | — |
C2 | Carbon dimer[6][7] | — |
— | Fluoromethylidynium | CF+[8] |
CH | Methylidyne radical[9] | CH+[10] |
CN | Cyanogen radical[11][12][2][9] | — |
CO | Carbon monoxide[2] | CO+[13] |
CP | Carbon monophosphide[12] | — |
CS | Carbon monosulfide[2] | — |
FeO | Iron(II) oxide[14] | — |
H2 | Molecular hydrogen[15] | — |
HCl | Hydrogen chloride[16] | — |
HF | Hydrogen fluoride[17] | — |
HN | Nitrogen monohydride[18] | — |
HO | Hydroxyl radical[2] | — |
KCl | Potassium chloride[2][3] | — |
N2 | Molecular nitrogen[19] | — |
NO | Nitric oxide[20] | — |
NS | Nitrogen sulfide[2] | — |
NaCl | Sodium chloride[2][3] | — |
O2 | Molecular oxygen[21] | — |
PN | Phosphorus nitride[22] | — |
PO | Phosphorus monoxide[23] | — |
SH | Sulfur hydride[24] | SH+[25] |
SO | Sulfur monoxide[2] | SO+[10] |
SiC | Carborundum[26][2] | — |
SiN | Silicon mononitride[2] | — |
SiO | Silicon monoxide[2] | — |
SiS | Silicon monosulfide[2] | — |
ثلاثي الذرات
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
AlNC | Aluminum isocyanide[2] | — |
C3 | Tricarbon[7] | — |
C2H | Ethynyl radical[2][11] | — |
C2O | Dicarbon monoxide[29] | — |
C2S | Thioxoethenylidene[30] | — |
C2P | [31] | — |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide[32] | — |
— | Protonated molecular hydrogen | H3+[33][34] |
H2C | Methylene[35] | — |
H2O | Water[36] | — |
H2S | Hydrogen sulfide[2] | — |
HCN | Hydrogen cyanide[37][2][11] | — |
HCO | Formyl radical[38] | HCO+[39][38][10] |
HCP | Phosphaethyne[40] | — |
— | Thioformyl | HCS+[39][10] |
HNC | Hydrogen isocyanide[41] | — |
— | Diazenylium | HN2+[39] |
HNO | Nitroxyl[42] | — |
— | Isoformyl | HOC+[11] |
KCN | Potassium cyanide[2] | — |
MgCN | Magnesium cyanide[2] | — |
MgNC | Magnesium isocyanide[2] | — |
NH2 | Amino radical[43] | — |
— | — | N2H+[44][10] |
N2O | Nitrous oxide[45] | — |
NaCN | Sodium cyanide[2] | — |
OCS | Carbonyl sulfide[46] | — |
SO2 | Sulfur dioxide[47][2] | — |
c-SiC2 | c-Silicon dicarbide[2][26] | — |
SiCN | Silicon carbonitride[48] | — |
SiNC | Silicon naphthalocyanine[49] | — |
أربع ذرات
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
l-C3H | Propynylidyne[51][2] | — |
c-C3H | Cyclopropynylidyne[52] | — |
C3N | Cyanoethynyl[53] | C3N−[54] |
C3O | Tricarbon monoxide[51] | — |
C3S | Tricarbonsulfide[2][30] | — |
— | Hydronium | H3O+[55] |
C2H2 | Acetylene[56] | — |
H2CN | Methylene amidogen[57] | H2CN+[10] |
H2CO | Formaldehyde[58] | — |
H2CS | Thioformaldehyde[59] | — |
HCCN | —[60] | — |
— | Protonated hydrogen cyanide | HCNH+[39] |
— | Protonated carbon dioxide | HOCO+[61] |
HCNO | Fulminic acid[62] | — |
HNCO | Isocyanic acid[47] | — |
HNCS | Isothiocyanic acid[63] | — |
NH3 | Ammonia[64][2] | — |
SiC3 | Silicon tricarbide[2] | — |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
خمس ذرات
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
C5 | —[7] | — |
CH4 | Methane[66][56] | — |
c-C3H2 | Cyclopropenylidene[67][68][11] | — |
l-H2C3 | Propadienylidene[68] | — |
H2CCN | Cyanomethyl[69] | — |
H2C2O | Ketene[47] | — |
H2CNH | Methylenimine[70] | — |
— | Protonated formaldehyde | H2COH+[71] |
C4H | Butadiynyl[2] | C4H–[72] |
HC3N | Cyanoacetylene[73][2][11][39][68] | — |
HCC-NC | Isocyanoacetylene[74] | — |
HCOOH | Formic acid[68] | — |
NH2CN | Cyanamide[75] | — |
HC(O)CN | Cyanoformaldehyde[76] | — |
SiC4 | Silicon-carbide cluster[26] | — |
SiH4 | Silane[77] | — |
ست ذرات
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
c-H2C3O | Cyclopropenone[79] | — |
C2H4 | Ethylene[56] | — |
CH3CN | Acetonitrile[80][47] | — |
CH3NC | Methyl isocyanide[80] | — |
CH3OH | Methanol[47] | — |
CH3SH | Methanethiol[81] | — |
l-H2C4 | —[82][2] | — |
— | Protonated cyanoacetylene | HC3NH+[39] |
HCONH2 | Formamide[78] | — |
C5H | Pentynylidyne[2][30] | — |
HC2CHO | Propynal[83] | — |
HC4N | —[2] | — |
CH2CNH | Ketenimine[67] | — |
سبع ذرات
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
c-C2H4O | Ethylene oxide[85] | — |
CH3C2H | Methylacetylene[11] | — |
H3CNH2 | Methylamine[86] | — |
CH2CHCN | Acrylonitrile[47][80] | — |
H2CHCOH | Vinyl alcohol[84] | — |
C6H | Hexatriynyl[2][30] | C6H–[87][68] |
HC4CN | Cyanodiacetylene[47][80][73] | — |
CH3CHO | Acetaldehyde[2][85] | — |
تسع ذرات
Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|
CH3C4H | Methyldiacetylene[89] | — |
CH3OCH3 | Dimethyl Ether[90] | — |
CH3CH2CN | Propionitrile[2][47][80][68] | — |
CH3CONH2 | Acetamide[78][67] | — |
CH3CH2OH | Trans-Ethyl Alcohol[91] | — |
C8H | Octatetraynyl[92] | C8H–[93][94] |
HC7N | Cyanohexatriyne or Cyanotriacetylene[2][64][95][96] | — |
CH3CHCH2 | Propylene (propene)[97] | — |
عشرة ذرات
Atoms | Molecule | Designation | Ions |
---|---|---|---|
10 | (CH3)2CO | Acetone[98][47] | — |
10 | CH3CH2CHO | Propanal[67] | — |
10 | CH3C5N | Methyl-cyano-diacetylene[67] | — |
11 | HC8CN | Cyanotetra-acetylene[2][95] | — |
11 | C2H5OCHO | Ethyl formate[99] | — |
11 | CH3C6H | Methyltriacetylene[89][67] | — |
11 | H3COC2H5 | trans-ethyl methyl ether[100][101] | — |
12 | C6H6 | Benzene[82] | — |
12 | C3H7CN | n-propyl cyanide[99] | — |
13 | HC10CN | Cyanodecapentayne[95] | — |
غير مؤكدة
Molecule | Designation |
---|---|
H2NH2CCOOH | Glycine[102][103] |
CO(CH2OH)2 | 1,3-dihydroxypropanone[104] |
C10H8+ | Naphthalene cation[105] |
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أنظر أيضا
المصادر
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ignored (|author=
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: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
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suggested) (help) - This spectral assignment has not been independently confirmed, and is described by the authors as "tentative" (page L58).
وصلات خارجية
- Woon, David E. (February 1, 2007). "Interstellar and circumstellar molecules". The Astrochemist. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
- Hudson, Reggie (February 1, 2007). "Interstellar Molecules". NASA's Cosmic Ice Lab. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
- Wootten, Al (November, 2005). "The 129 reported interstellar and circumstellar molecules". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - F. J. Lovas, R. A. Dragoset (February, 2004). "NIST Recommended Rest Frequencies for Observed Interstellar Molecular Microwave Transitions, 2002 Revision". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help)