المعرفة

قائمة التلسكوبات الشمسية

This is a list of solar telescopes built in various countries around the world. A solar telescope is a specialized telescope that is used to observe the Sun.

This list contains ground-based professional observatory telescopes at optical wavelengths in chronological order. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as coelostats, lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronagraphs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

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Existing large solar telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Year(s) Location Country(s) Note
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)   400 cm[1] 2019-[2] Maui, Hawaii, USA   الولايات المتحدة First light early December 2019,[3] first routine scientific observations season planned for 2021[4]
Chinese Large Solar Telescope (CLST) - 180 cm 2019 - Western part of China   الصين First light 10 December 2019[5]
GREGOR, Teide Observatory   150 cm 2012– Tenerife, Spain   ألمانيا [6]
Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory   160 cm 2008– California, United States   الولايات المتحدة Located in a lake.
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory - 100 cm 2010– Yunnan, China   الصين 100 cm vacuum solar telescope[7]
Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory   90 cm 1954– Crimea -
Multi-purpose automated solar telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory[8] - 80 cm – Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia   روسيا Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.
Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory[9]   76 cm 1980– Irkutsk_Oblast, Russia   روسيا Located on the Coast of Lake Baikal.
Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, Nanjing University - 3x27,5 cm 2010– Nanjing, China   الصين The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.[10]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,[11] NAO - Rozhen - 100 cm 2005– Rozhen, Bulgaria   بلغاريا
Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope[12](SST), ORM   100 cm 2002– La Palma, Spain   السويد
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO)   35 cm 1999– Texas, USA   الولايات المتحدة
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), ORM   45 cm 1997– La Palma, Spain   هولندا
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Obs.   90 cm 1996– Tenerife, Spain   إيطاليا and   فرنسا
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT),[13] Teide Obs.   70 cm 1989– Tenerife, Spain   ألمانيا
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope[14] (ja) - 60 cm 1979– Takayama, Gifu, Japan   اليابان
Udaipur Solar Observatory
MAST
Full Disk H-alpha Telescope
H-alpha Spar Telescope
Coudé Telescope		  
50 cm
15 cm
25 cm
15 cm		 1976– Udaipur, India   الهند
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST), Sacramento Peak   76 cm 1969– Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA   الولايات المتحدة
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon   60 cm 1968– Meudon, France   فرنسا
McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, KPO   161 cm 1961– Arizona, USA   الولايات المتحدة Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades
ARIES Observatory - 15 cm 1961– Nainital, India   الهند
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory   61 cm (24 in) 1958–[15] Kodaikanal, India   الهند
45-cm-Turmteleskop - 45 cm 1943- Schauinsland, Germany   ألمانيا
Gregory Coudé Telescope
 
45 cm 1959- Locarno, Switzerland   سويسرا Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by IRSOL after 1984.
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss[16] - 45 cm 1930– Tokyo, Japan   اليابان
Einsteinturm   60 cm 1924– Potsdam, Germany   ألمانيا
150-foot tower,[1] Mount Wilson Observatory   35 cm (24") 1912– California, USA   الولايات المتحدة
Snow Solar Telescope,[17] Mount Wilson Observatory - 61 cm (24") 1904– California, USA   الولايات المتحدة first solar tower telescope
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory   20 cm 1901– Kodaikanal, India   الهند (1947- )
  المملكة المتحدة (1901–1950)


Former solar telescopes after 1900

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Year(s) Location Country(s) Note
pt (Solar-T) - 2x7.6 cm 2016 Antarctica   البرازيل [18]
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, ORM - 47.5 cm 1985–2000 La Palma, Spain   السويد Replaced by the SST
Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT)[19] 45 cm[1] 1984–2002 Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002)   ألمانيا Replaced by GREGOR
Evans Solar Facility (ESF),[20] Sacramento Peak 40 cm 1953–2014 Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA   الولايات المتحدة Also a coronagraph
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope, Zeiss 1942) 2x15 cm
11 cm		 1942–2004 Göttingen, Germany   ألمانيا 65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower
McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 61 cm (24") 1941–1979 Michigan, USA   الولايات المتحدة Replaced the 10.5in in 1941
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 40 cm 1936–1979 Michigan, USA   الولايات المتحدة
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 26.7 cm (10.5") 1930–1941 Michigan, USA   الولايات المتحدة Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941
Arcetri solar tower   37 cm 1925-2006 Arcetri, Italy   إيطاليا

Telescopes for the Sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900.

Potential future solar telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Status Location Country(s) Note
COronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO)[21] - 150 cm proposed Hawaii, USA   الولايات المتحدة
National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) - 200 cm proposed[22] Merak Village, Ladakh, India   الهند
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST)[23] - 500–800 cm planned Western part of China   الصين
European Solar Telescope (EST)[24] - 400+ cm planned Canary Islands 15 European countries[25]


Other types of solar telescopes

There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as Coronado Filters from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by Meade Instruments in 2004 and sells SolarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm[26][27]

Most solar observatories observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed.

Further reading

See also

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت "Big Bear Solar Observatory - Large Solar Telescopes".
  2. ^ "Welcome to the DKIST | DKIST".
  3. ^ Witze, A. (29 January 2020). "World's most powerful solar telescope is up and running". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00224-z.
  4. ^ "Cycle 1 Proposal Call Announcement". NSO/DKIST. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  5. ^ "First light of the 1.8-m solar telescope–CLST". SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  6. ^ GREGOR Website at KIS, Freiburg
  7. ^ http://www.iau.org/static/scientific_meetings/iau_ga_2012/speeches/su_ding_qiang.pdf
  8. ^ http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
  9. ^ http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
  10. ^ Hao, Q.; Guo, Y.; Dai, Y.; Ding, M. D.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Y.; Fang, C. (2012). "Understanding the white-light flare on 2012 March 9: Evidence of a two-step magnetic reconnection". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: L17. arXiv:1211.1751. Bibcode:2012A&A...544L..17H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219941.
  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2015-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ solarphysics.kva.se The Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-12-26. Retrieved 2009-02-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ "The Domeless Solar Telescope".
  15. ^ "I.S. Glass's home page".
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-03-10. Retrieved 2014-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ "Telescope: Snow Solar Telescope".
  18. ^ "THz Solar Observations on Board of a Trans-Antarctic Stratospheric Balloon Flight" (PDF). Retrieved 19 Aug 2021. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  19. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ https://nsosp.nso.edu/esf
  21. ^ http://www.cosmo.ucar.edu/
  22. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-09-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ Y. Y. Deng (21 March 2011). "Introduction to the Chinese Giant Solar Telescope" (PDF). www.ncra.tifr.res.in. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Home".
  25. ^ http://www.astro-east.org/
  26. ^ Sky & Telescope: David Lunt (1942-2005)
  27. ^ David Lunt biography, Solar Filter designer Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
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