عذربعل

Adherbal
Adherbal
الاسم المحلي	𐤀𐤃𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋
أسماء أخرى	Atarbas
توفي	230 BC
الولاء	Carthage
الرتبة	Admiral
المعارك/الحروب	First Punic War

عذربعل (پونيقية: 𐤀𐤃𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋, ʿDRBʾL;^[1] ؛ ويُعرف أيضاً بإسم Atarbas (باليونانية: Ατάρβας, Atárbas ؛ إنگليزية: Adherbal؛ ت. 230 ق.م.) أمير البحار في قرطاجة، في الحرب البونيقية الأولى، انتصر على پوبليوس كلوديوس پولشر قائد الاسطول الروماني في معركة درپانا في صقلية عام 294 ق.م..^[2]^[3]

أذربعل الثاني كان قائداً قرطاجياً تحت إمرة ماگو في الحرب البونيقية الثانية، وقد هزِمه في معركة قرتيا في اسبانيا، گايوس لليوس في 206 ق.م..^[4]^[5]

معركة دريپانا

Encouraged by previous victories, the new consul for 250 Gaius Atilius Regulus launched a campaign to attack the last Punic strongholds on the island of Sicily: Lilybaeum and Drepana.^[6] For this surprise attack, which was carried out in 249, the Romans mustered a fleet of 123 quinqueremes.^[7] Adherbal was tasked to defend Drepana with the assistance of Hannibal the Rhodian and Carthalo.^[8]^[6] In their desire for stealth, the Romans attacked at night causing them to lose their formation.^[9] Adherbal commanded the Punic fleet and immediately ordered his forces to set to sea when the straggling line of Roman galleys approached the shore by dawn.^[9] His defense cost the Romans 93 ships while Carthage lost nothing.^[7]

Adherbal's conduct during the siege was documented by historians such as Polybius and Leonardo Bruni. The latter, for instance, described the admiral delivering an oratio obliqua before his forces as he led them to meet the Romans.^[10] He would later write that Adherbal "won great praise as the man who, by virtue of his courage and skill, restored to his fellow Carthaginians their lost reputation as a sea power."^[10]

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

^ Huss (1985), p. 559.
^ Polybius, i. 49—52
^ Diod., Ecl. xxiv
^ Livy, xxviii. 30
^ Smith, William (1867), "Adherbal (1) and (2)", in Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1, Boston, pp. 19
^ ^أ ^ب Hoyos, Dexter (2015). Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 56–58. ISBN 978-0-19-986010-4.
^ ^أ ^ب Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua B.; Cairns, John (2007). Hannibal's Last Battle: Zama & The Fall of Carthage (in الإنجليزية). Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-1481-3.
^ Hoyos, Dexter (2015). A Companion to the Punic Wars. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4051-7600-2.
^ ^أ ^ب Grant, R. G. (2011). Battle at Sea: 3,000 Years of Naval Warfare. New York: DK Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7566-7186-0.
^ ^أ ^ب Ianziti, Gary (2012). Writing History in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-674-06152-1.

الكلمات الدالة:

[FOOTNOTEHuss1985[httpsbooksgooglecokrbooksidNvEK7kc3qnQCpgPA559_559]-1] Huss (1985), p. 559.

[2] Polybius, i. 49—52

[3] Diod., Ecl. xxiv

[4] Livy, xxviii. 30

[5] Smith, William (1867), "Adherbal (1) and (2)", in Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1, Boston, pp. 19

[:1-6] أ ^ب Hoyos, Dexter (2015). Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 56–58. ISBN 978-0-19-986010-4.

[:0-7] أ ^ب Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua B.; Cairns, John (2007). Hannibal's Last Battle: Zama & The Fall of Carthage (in الإنجليزية). Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-1481-3.

[8] Hoyos, Dexter (2015). A Companion to the Punic Wars. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4051-7600-2.

[:2-9] أ ^ب Grant, R. G. (2011). Battle at Sea: 3,000 Years of Naval Warfare. New York: DK Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7566-7186-0.

[:3-10] أ ^ب Ianziti, Gary (2012). Writing History in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-674-06152-1.

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