شنقب
الشنقب snipe أو الجهلول أو الشُكُب أو البكاسين[1] هو أيٌ من نحو 26 نوعاً من الطيور الخواضة في ثلاث أجناس في عائلة Scolopacidae. يتسم بمنقار طويل جداً ورفيع ينكت به الوحل بحثاً عن الديدان، وعيناه في أعلى رأسه و cryptic/camouflaging plumage. The Gallinago snipes have a nearly worldwide distribution, the Lymnocryptes snipe is restricted to Asia and Europe and the Coenocorypha snipes are found only in the outlying islands of New Zealand. The four species of painted snipe are not closely related to the typical snipes, and are placed in their own family, the Rostratulidae.
| Snipe | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pin-tailed snipe (Gallinago stenura) | |
Scientific classification
| |
| أصنوفة غير معروفة (أصلحها): | Scolopacidae |
| Groups included | |
| Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa | |
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السلوك
Snipes search for invertebrates in the mud with a "sewing-machine" action of their long bills. The sensitivity of the bill is caused by filaments belonging to the fifth pair of nerves, which run almost to the tip and open immediately under the soft cuticle in a series of cells; a similar adaptation is found in sandpipers; this adaptation gives this portion of the surface of the premaxillaries a honeycomb-like appearance: with these filaments the bird can sense its food in the mud without seeing it.[2]
المأكل
Snipes feed mainly on insect larva. Other invertebrate prey include snails, crustacea, and worms. The snipe's bill allows the very tip to remain closed while the snipe slurps up invertebrates.[3]
الموئل
Snipes can be found in various types of wet marshy settings including bogs, swamps, wet meadows, and along rivers, coast lines, and ponds. Snipes avoid settling in areas with dense vegetation, but rather seek marshy areas with patchy cover to hide from predators.[3]
الصيد
Camouflage may enable snipes to remain undetected by hunters in marshland. The bird is also highly alert and startled easily, rarely staying long in the open. If the snipe flies, hunters have difficulty wing-shooting due to the bird's erratic flight pattern.
The difficulties involved around hunting snipes gave rise to the military term sniper, which originally meant an expert hunter highly skilled in marksmanship and camouflaging, but later evolved to mean a sharpshooter or a shooter who makes distant shots from concealment.[4][5]
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ منير بعلبكي (2007). المورد الأكبر. دار العلم للملايين.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Newton, Alfred (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). دائرة المعارف البريطانية (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ أ ب "Wilson's Snipe, Life History, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology".
- ^ "sniper (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
- ^ Palmatier, Robert Allen (1995). Speaking of Animals: A Dictionary of Animal Metaphors. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing. p. 357. ISBN 0313294909.
وصلات خارجية
- Snipe videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Snipe sonogram at fssbirding.org.uk