سقوط إدو

سقوط إدو
جزء من حرب بوشين
Negotiations between Saigō Takamori and Katsu Kaishū regarding the surrender of the capital, painted by Yūki Somei, 1935
التاريخ July 1868 الموقع Edo النتيجة Surrender of Edo Castle

سقوط إدو (يابانية: 江戸開城, Hepburn: Edo Kaijō)، ويُعرف أيضاً بإسم Edojō Akewatashi (江戸城明け渡し, [إخلاء قلعة إدو] Error: {{nihongo}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: إ) (help)) و Edo Muketsu Kaijō (江戸無血開城, [الفتح السلمي لقلعة إدو] Error: {{nihongo}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: ا) (help))، حدث في مايو ويوليو 1868، when the Japanese capital of Edo (modern Tokyo), controlled by the Tokugawa shogunate, fell to forces favorable to the restoration of Emperor Meiji during the Boshin War.

Saigō Takamori, leading the victorious imperial forces north and east through Japan, had won the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma in the approaches to the capital. He was eventually able to surround Edo in May 1868.

Katsu Kaishū, the shōgun's Army Minister, negotiated the surrender, which was unconditional.

The Battle of Ueno was the final encounter leading to the Fall of Edo.

Some groups continued to resist after this formal surrender but were defeated in the Battle of Ueno in northeastern Tokyo, on 4 July 1868. The city was fully under control in July 1868. During that time, Tokugawa Yoshinobu had been under voluntary confinement at Kan'ei-ji temple.

The 16-year-old Meiji Emperor, moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, end of 1868, after the Fall of Edo

On 3 September 1868, the city was renamed Tokyo ("Eastern capital"), and the Meiji Emperor moved his capital to Tokyo, electing residence in Edo Castle, today's Imperial Palace.

A small monument has been erected at the location of the surrender meeting between Saigō Takamori and Katsu Kaishū, at Minato-ku, Shiba 5–33–1.

 التصويرات الثقافية

The Fall of Edo was depicted in various films and television series:

أفلام

• Edojō Sōzeme (1930, dir. Seika Shiba)
• Edo Saigo no Hi (1941, dir. Hiroshi Inagaki)
• Dai Tokyo Tanjō Ōedo no Kane (1958, dir. Tatsuyasu Ōsone)

دراما تلفزيونية

• Taiga drama
  • San Shimai (1967), 5th taiga drama
  • Katsu Kaishū (1974), 12th taiga drama
  • Tobu ga Gotoku (1990), 28th taiga drama
  • Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1998); 37th taiga drama
  • Atsuhime (2008); 47th taiga drama
  • Segodon (2018); 57th taiga drama
• غيرهم
  • Ōoku (2003)

 المراجع

• Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674003347; OCLC 44090600
• Kornicki, Peter. (1998). Meiji Japan: Political, Economic and Social History, 1868–1912. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415156189; ISBN 9780415156196; ISBN 9780415156202; ISBN 9780415156219; ISBN 9780415156226; OCLC 470242993
• Perkins, Dorothy. (1997). Japan Goes to War: a Chronology of Japanese Military Expansion from the Meiji Era to the Attack on Pearl Harbor (1868–1941). Upland, Pennsylvania: Diane. OCLC 638765414