بافلوجراد
پاڤلوگراد Pavlograd[1] (أوكرانية: Павлоград؛ تـُنطق [pɐu̯loˈɦrɑd]؛ روسية: Павлогра́д؛ تـُنطق [pəvlɐˈɡrat]) هي مدينة و بلدية في وسط أوكرانيا الشرقية، تقع في أوبلاست دنيپروپتروڤسك. وتعمل كمركز إداري لرايون پاڤلوهراد. عدد سكانها يناهز 103,073 (2021 est.)[2] نسمة.
پاڤلوهراد
Павлоград Pavlograd | |
|---|---|
| Pavlohrad | |
   .jpg) | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  پاڤلوهراد  پاڤلوهراد | |
| الإحداثيات: 48°31′0″N 35°52′0″E / 48.51667°N 35.86667°ECoordinates: 48°31′0″N 35°52′0″E / 48.51667°N 35.86667°E | |
| البلد |  أوكرانيا |
| الأوبلاست |  دنپروپتروڤسك |
| الرايون | رايون پاڤلوهراد |
| تأسست | 1779 |
| حقوق المدينة | 1784 |
| الحكومة | |
| • Mayor | Anatoliy Vershina |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 59٫3 كم² (22٫9 ميل²) |
| أعلى منسوب | 71 m (233 ft) |
| التعداد (2021) | |
| • الإجمالي | 103٬073 |
| • الكثافة | 1٬700/km2 (4٬500/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 51400-51429 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | +380-5632 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | https://pavlogradmrada.dp.gov.ua |
نهر ڤوڤتشا (يجري في المدينة لمسافة 12.85 كم حتى يصب في نهر سمارا)، هنيزدكا (3.9 كم)، كوتشيرها (2.9 كم). مساحة المدينة هي 59.3 كم². وتوجد 20 مدرسة و 1 ليسيه في المدينة.
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التاريخ
بافلوجراد هي واحدة من أقدم المستوطنات في أوبلاست دنيبروبتروفسك. أول إشارات لها كانت في القرن السابع عشر.
At the beginning of the 1770s, Zaporozhian Cossack Matvii Khizhnyak built winter quarters, which soon became known as sloboda Matviivka. In 1779, Matveevka was renamed to Luhanske, as the latter became headquarters of the Luhansk pikemen regiment headed by M. I. Golinishchev-Kutuzov. With the establishment of Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty in 1783, Pavlohrad, named in honor of the future Emperor Paul І (ح. 1796–1801), became a part of this administrative unit as a district town. In 1784, Pavlohrad received city status.
There were 426 homes and 2419 inhabitants in the city at the end of 18th century. The citizens of Pavlohrad lived in wattle and daub. The first stone building was the Svyato-Vosnesensky Cathedral on Soborna ploshcha (eng.: cathedral square). The first blazon of the city was affirmed on July 29, 1811, the second one on September 26, 1979. The first citizens were Cossacks of Samarsky and Kalmiussky Palanki and demobilized military. The city plan by Scottish architect W. Geste was affirmed by emperor Nicholas I on July 31, 1831.
In 1871, local merchant A.K.Shalin was elected the first head of the city. The central street was named after him (ul. Shalinskaya, (eng: Shalinsky street) later renamed ul. Lenina, (eng.: Lenin street)). (In 2015, the Ukrainian government approved laws that outlawed communist symbols and street names.[3]) Currently the street is named Soborna. Merchant of ІІ Guild A.V.Permanin was elected as city governor in 1892. Under his leadership the city started to develop rapidly: a lot of churches, temples, barracks, gymnasiums, factories and plants were built.
In the 1870s, a railway was built between St. Petersburg and Simferopol, passing through Pavlohrad. In 1896, the Golenishchev-Kutuzov family built the "Earl's Theatre".
In 1930, an uprising against Soviet rule took place in Pavlohrad. From 1780 to 1941, a significant Jewish community existed in the city. The pre-Holocaust Jewish population was approximately 4,000. The city was destroyed in 1941 during the Nazi occupation. During the Holocaust a concentration camp was located in Pavlohrad and a large part of the community died during the war and during the mass executions. The Pavlohrad Jewish cemetery contains not only Jewish, but also Christian burials, which were agreed to by the leaders of the local Jewish community in 1995.[4] On May 22, 2011, it was reported that unknown persons had desecrated the cemetery in the town - tombstones were turned over and broken in an apparently anti-Semitic act.[5]
Until 18 July 2020, Pavlohrad was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Pavlohrad Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Pavlohrad was merged into Pavlohrad Raion.[6][7]
مصنع پاڤلوهراد الميكانيكي
The city is home to Pavlohrad Mechanical Plant (PMZ) that was established in December 1963 as a specialized production facility of the Plant no. 586 (now Pivdenmash Production Association). PMZ is a factory dedicated to assembly, perfection and production of solid-fueled rocket engines and missiles. By 1975 PMZ became the largest solid-rocket factory within the Ministry of General Machine Building of USSR. PMZ made fuel tanks for booster rockets and plastic ICBM rocket motor casings; parts, components, and assemblies for aerospace systems manufacturing.
معرض صور
A pedestrian alley in midtown Pavlohrad
Tsentralna Street
Pavlohrad Railway Station
Dormition Cathedral
Vernicle Cathedral
Holubytsky church
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم — المدن الشقيقة
Pavlohrad is twinned with:
لوبسكو، پولندا
سان سباستيان، اسبانيا
المراجع
- ^ "Alexeenko, Fyodor Nikitich (1882-1904)". jstor.org. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (التعداد الفعلي لأوكرانيا)" (PDF) (in الأوكرانية). مصلحة إحصائيات الدولة الأوكرانية. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ Motyl, Alexander J. (28 April 2015). "Decommunizing Ukraine". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "PAVLOHRAD JEWISH CEMETERY". lo-tishkach. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ "Cemetery desecrated". CFCA. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in الأوكرانية). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
وصلات خارجية
- The murder of the Jews of Pavlohrad during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.