الوسط (فلك)
الوسط Interstellar medium أو بين نجمي أو بين النجوم مصطلح فلكي يشير الى حالة الوقوع أو الحدوث داخل منطقة نجمية أى ما بين النجوم فمثلا (المادة بين النجمية) هى المادة الموجودة بين النجوم أو التى يغلب عليها الهيدروجين والفضاء بين النجمي هو الفضاء الواقع بين النجوم وهكذا.
The distribution of ionized hydrogen (known by astronomers as H II from old spectroscopic terminology) in the parts of the Galactic interstellar medium visible from the Earth's northern hemisphere as observed with the Wisconsin Hل Mapper (Haffner et al. 2003).
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بين النجوم
| Component | Fractional Volume |
Scale Height (pc) |
Temperature (K) |
Density (atoms/cm³) |
State of hydrogen | Primary observational techniques |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular clouds | < 1% | 70 | 10—20 | 102—106 | molecular | Radio and infrared molecular emission and absorption lines |
| Cold Neutral Medium (CNM) | 1—5% | 100—300 | 50—100 | 20—50 | neutral atomic | H I 21 cm line absorption |
| Warm Neutral Medium (WNM) | 10—20% | 300—400 | 6000—10000 | 0.2—0.5 | neutral atomic | H I 21 cm line emission |
| Warm Ionized Medium (WIM) | 20—50% | 1000 | 8000 | 0.2—0.5 | ionized | Hل emission and pulsar dispersion |
| H II regions | < 1% | 70 | 8000 | 102—104 | ionized | Hل emission and pulsar dispersion |
| Coronal gas Hot Ionized Medium (HIM) |
30—70% | 1000—3000 | 106—107 | 10-4—10-2 | ionized (metals also highly ionized) |
X-ray emission; absorption lines of highly ionized metals, primarily in the ultraviolet |
أنظر أيضا
ملاحظات
- ^ Based on Table 1 of Ferriere (2001), with additional details from the text of the same paper.
المصادر
- مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار العلم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار العلم للملايين.
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