البنغال الشرقية
البنغال الشرقية East Bengal كانت مقاطعة غير مجاورة جغرافيا في دومنيون پاكستان تغطي ما هو الآن بنگلادش. وتطل على خليج البنغال، وتحد الهند وبورما. وكانت شديدة القرب من، إلا أنها لم تتقاسم حدود مع، مملكة نـِپال و الصين و مملكة سكيم و مملكة بوتان. وعاصمتها كانت دكا.
البنغال الشرقية | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947–1955 | |||||||||
 العلم
.svg) Coat of arms
| |||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||
| المكانة | Province of the Dominion of Pakistan | ||||||||
| العاصمة | دكا | ||||||||
| اللغات الشائعة | Bengali, أردو و الإنگليزية | ||||||||
| الحكومة | Parliamentary ملكية دستورية | ||||||||
| التشريع | Legislative Assembly | ||||||||
| التاريخ | |||||||||
| 14 August 1947 | |||||||||
• One Unit | 14 October 1955 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 147,610 km2 (56,990 sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Pakistani rupee | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  بنگلادش | ||||||||
تقسيم الهند البريطانية، الذي قسـَّم البنغال على أساس ديني، أسس حدود البنغال الشرقية ذات الأغلبية المسلمة. The province existed during the reign of two monarchs, including George VI and Elizabeth II; and three Governors-General, including محمد علي جناح وخواجة ناظم الدين و غلام محمد. Its provincial governors included a British administrator and several Pakistani statesmen. Its chief ministership was held by leading Bengali politicians.
East Bengal was most populous and cosmopolitan province in the dominion. East Bengal was a hub of political movements, including the Bengali Language Movement and pro-democracy groups. It was dissolved and replaced by East Pakistan during the One Unit scheme implemented by Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra.
The provincial legislature was the East Bengal Legislative Assembly.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ
Mandates for partition
Between 1905 and 1911, a province called Eastern Bengal and Assam existed in the region as part of the British Indian Empire. The All India Muslim League was founded in the British province in 1906.
The All India Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution in 1940 which envisaged the creation of sovereign states in the Muslim majority areas of eastern and northwestern British India. The League won elections in Bengal in 1946, receiving its largest mandate in the province. The Sylhet region in Assam also voted to be part of East Bengal due to the campaign of the League.
As a result of these mandates, the Mountbatten Plan and Radcliffe Line established East Bengal as a province of the newly formed Dominion of Pakistan in August 1947.
وزارة ناظم الدين
Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, a former Prime Minister of Bengal, was the first Chief Minister of East Bengal after partition. Nazimuddin was a senior leader of the Muslim League and a close confidante of Pakistan’s founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne was the first Governor of East Bengal. Partition resulted in making many Hindus to leave East Bengal while Muslims from different parts of the Indian subcontinent migrated to East Bengal. The East-West Bengal border did not see as much as violence as seen in the Punjab border between North India and Pakistan.
Jinnah made his sole visit to East Bengal as governor general in 1948. During a speech to students in Dhaka University, he resisted demands to make Bengali a federal language. His refusal sparked fierce protests among East Bengalis who comprised the majority of Pakistan’s population. The proposal for Urdu as the sole national language met with strong opposition in East Bengal, where Urdu considered rather alien, especially in light in Bengali’s rich literary heritage.
When Jinnah died in 1948, Nazimuddin became the Governor General of Pakistan.
وزارة أمين
قائمة الحكام وكبار الوزراء
| Tenure | Governor of East Bengal[1] |
|---|---|
| 15 August 1947 – 31 March 1950 | Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne |
| 31 March 1950 – 31 March 1953 | Sir Feroz Khan Noon |
| 31 March 1953 – 29 May 1954 | Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman |
| 29 May 1954 – May 1955 | Iskandar Ali Mirza |
| May 1955 – June 1955 | Muhammad Shahabuddin (acting) |
| June 1955 – 14 October 1955 | Amiruddin Ahmad |
| 14 October 1955 | Province of East Bengal dissolved |
| الفترة | كبير وزراء البنغال الشرقية[1] | الحزب |
|---|---|---|
| 15 August 1947 – 14 September 1948 | Khawaja Nazimuddin | Muslim League |
| 14 September 1948 – 3 April 1954 | Nurul Amin | Muslim League |
| 3 April 1954 – 29 May 1954 | A. K. Fazlul Huq | United Front |
| 29 May 1954 – August 1955 | Governor's Rule | |
| August 1955 – 14 October 1955 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishak Sramik Party |
| 14 October 1955 | Province of East Bengal dissolved |
Economy, culture and military
.jpg)
Orient Airways, owned by an East Bengal based industrialist, launched the first flights between Karachi and Dacca. The airline later evolved into Pakistan International Airlines.
The Chittagong Tea Auction was established in 1949.
As a result of the Bengali Language Movement, East Bengal was a center of Bengali cultural activities.
The University of Dacca was hotbed of political thought.
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ أ ب 'Statesmen of Bangladesh' Retrieved 18 April 2009.