أناتولي دوبرينن
أناتولي فيودوروڤتش دوبرينن ( Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin ؛ روسية: Анато́лий Фёдорович Добры́нин, 16 November 1919 – 6 April 2010) was a Soviet statesman, diplomat and politician. He was Soviet Ambassador to the United States for more than two decades, from 1962 to 1986.
Anatoly Dobrynin Анатолий Добрынин | |
|---|---|
 Anatoly Dobrynin on 23 June 1967 | |
| Head of the International Department of the Central Committee | |
| في المنصب 6 مارس 1986 – 30 سبتمبر 1988 | |
| سبقه | Boris Ponomarev |
| خلـَفه | Valentin Falin |
| Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the United States | |
| في المنصب 4 يناير 1962 – 19 مايو 1986 | |
| سبقه | Mikhail Menshikov |
| خلـَفه | Yuri Dubinin |
| Member of the 27th Secretariat | |
| في المنصب 6 March 1986 – 30 September 1988 | |
| Full member of the 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th Central Committee | |
| في المنصب 9 April 1971 – 14 July 1990 | |
| Candidate member of the 23rd Central Committee | |
| في المنصب 8 April 1966 – 9 April 1971 | |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin 16 نوفمبر 1919 Krasnaya Gorka, Mozhaysky Uyezd, Moscow Governorate, Russian SFSR |
| توفي | 6 أبريل 2010 (aged 90) موسكو، روسيا |
| الحزب | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1946–1991) |
| الزوج | Irina Dobrynina |
| المدرسة الأم | دبلوماسي |
| المهنة | Civil servant, سياسي |
He attracted notoriety among the American public during and after the Cuban Missile Crisis at the beginning of his ambassadorship, when he denied the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba although, unbeknownst to him until days later, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev had already sent them and the Americans already had photographs of them. Between 1968 and 1974, he was known as the Soviet end of the Kissinger–Dobrynin direct communication and negotiation link between the American presidency and the Soviet politburo.
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النشأة والتعليم
Dobrynin was born in the village of Krasnaya Gorka, near Mozhaisk in the Moscow Oblast, on 16 November 1919.[1] His father was a locksmith. He attended the Moscow Aviation Institute and after graduation went to work for the Yakovlev Design Bureau. He entered the Higher Diplomatic School in 1944 and graduated with distinction.
السيرة العملية
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فضل الصورة: (AP Photo/Harvey Georges)
Dobrynin joined the diplomatic service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946.[1] He later joined the secretariat of the ministry, working for Vyacheslav Molotov, Dmitri Shepilov, Andrei Gromyko and Valerian Zorin. He was appointed deputy secretary general at the United Nations in 1957 and returned to Moscow as head of the foreign ministry's department of the United States and Canada in 1960.[1] Dobrynin was appointed as Soviet Ambassador to the United States in 1962, and he had been the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps since July 1979.[2] His tenure lasted until 1986.[1]
Anatoly Dobrynin had the unique experience of serving as Soviet Ambassador to the US during the terms of six US Presidents (Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter and Reagan). The Cold War rivalry made his position one of the key elements in Soviet Union–United States relations, such that between the Soviet Ambassador to the United States (in Washington) and the United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (in Moscow), most diplomatic business channeled through the former. Dobrynin's regular contacts with the US State Department resulted in him being granted his own parking spot in the State Department garage until 1981, when President Reagan revoked that privilege.[3]
Dobrynin developed an especially close relationship with Henry Kissinger, with whom he often met and dined with up to four times a week. They had a direct line to each other's office; they exchanged gifts, shared inside jokes, and even met each other's parents.[4]
In 1971, he was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party (CPSU).[1] After his long term as Ambassador to the United States, he returned to Moscow in 1986, joining the Secretariat of the party and leading the international department of the CPSU Central Committee for two years. At the end of 1988, he retired from the Central Committee and served as an advisor to the Soviet Presidency.[1]
He attended the December 1989 Malta Summit that formally marked the end of the Cold War. He was given the honorary rank of Russian Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in 1992.
الأعمال والوفاة
His book, In Confidence: Moscow's Ambassador to Six Cold War Presidents, was published in 1995. (It was last reprinted in 2001 as ISBN 0-295-98081-8.)
Dobrynin died in Moscow on 6 April 2010. In a telegram to Dobrynin's family, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev paid tribute to Dobrynin, stating:
Anatoly Dobrynin, a talented and memorable figure, professional of the highest calibre and legend of Russian diplomacy has left us. His name is associated with a whole epoch in Russian and global foreign policy.
There can be no overestimating Anatoly Dobrynin’s personal contribution to resolving the Cuban missile crisis and normalising Soviet-American relations.
His outstanding abilities as a negotiator and analyst earned him the respect of both colleagues and opponents, and his goodwill, deep knowledge and wealth of life experience won him the respect and liking of everyone around him.[5]
التكريم والأوسمة
- Hero of Socialist Labour
- Five Orders of Lenin
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- Order of Honour (18 August 2009) – for his great contribution to the foreign policy of the Russian Federation and many years of diplomatic service
- Honored Worker of the Diplomatic Service of the Russian Federation
- Honorary Doctor of the Diplomatic Academy of Russia
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Dennis Kavanagh (1998). "Dobrynin, Anatolly Fedorovich". A Dictionary of Political Biography. Oxford: OUP. p. 148. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ "Deans of the Diplomatic Corps". Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
- ^ Leebaert, Derek (2003). The Fifty Year Wound. New York, United States of America: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 498. ISBN 0-316-51847-6.
- ^ Barbara Keys, "Henry Kissinger: The Emotional Statesman," Diplomatic History 35, no. 4 (September 2011): 587–609.
- ^ "Dmitry Medvedev expressed his condolences over the death of diplomat Anatoly Dobrynin". Presidential Press and Information Office. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
وصلات خارجية
- CNN Cold War – Interviews: Anatoly Dobrynin
- Anatoly Dobrynin - Daily Telegraph obituary