المعرفة

أرنولد باكس

سير أرنولد إدوار تريفور باكس Sir Arnold Edward Trevor Bax (و. 8 نوفمبر 1883 – م. 3 أكتوبر 1953) موسيقي إنجليزي وشاعر

باكس عام 1922

مبكرا في دراساته، اشتعل خيال باكس باعمال الشاعر الايرلندي دبليو بي ييتس، الذي قدم شعره وخياله السلتي الهام لبعض اكثر القصائد السمفونية الانيقة للموسيقي مثل "حديقة فاند" و"تنتاجيل". بعد انتاجه ينافس فون وليامز الذي كان مكرما قبله بوقت قصير وضع باكس وموسيقاه مرة اخرى على الخريطة.

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حياته وموسيقاه

جاء باكس من اسرة موسرة كان له دوما دخله الخاص ولم يجني عيشه قط خلال التدريس او العزف. مبجرد ان اكتشف حبه لشعر يييتس وقصيدته "الغسق السلتي" تطورت موسيقى باكس بسرعة كما نشر رواياته الخاصة باسم مستعار "درموت اوبراين". قصائده السمفونية التي كتبها اثناء الحرب العالمية الاولى تستحضر سحر الطبيعة مما يعكس الجو الرومانسي لريتشارد شتراوس والاسلوب الانطباعي لديبوسي. على العكس موسيقاه المستحضرة لسبع سمفونيات كتبها - كل منها مكون من 3 بدلا من 4 حركات المعتادة تجسد وضوح والكونترابنط الذي تعلمه من سبيليوس.


قائمة الاعمال

الباليهات

  • Tamara (1911, orch. 2000)
  • From Dusk till Dawn (1917)
  • The Truth about the Russian Dancers (1920)

اوركسترالية

سيمفونيات

قصائد سيمفونية

  • Cathaleen-ni-Hoolihan (1905)
  • Into The Twilight (1908)
  • In The Faery Hills (1909)
  • Rosc-catha (1910)
  • Christmas Eve (1912, revised c.1921)
  • Nympholept (1912, orch. 1915, revised 1935)
  • The Garden of Fand (1913, orch. 1916)
  • Spring Fire (1913)
  • In Memoriam (1916)
  • November Woods (1917)
  • Tintagel (1917, orch. 1919)
  • Summer Music (1917, orch. 1921, revised 1932)
  • The Happy Forest (1922)
  • The Tale the Pine Trees Knew (1931)
  • Northern Ballad No. 1 (1927)
  • Northern Ballad No. 2 (1934)
  • Prelude for a Solemn Occasion (Northern Ballad No. 3) (1927, orch. 1933)
  • A Legend (1944)

اعمال اوركسترالية اخرى

  • Variations for Orchestra (Improvisations) (1904)
  • A Song of War and Victory (1905)
  • On the Sea Shore (1908, orch. 1984)
  • Festival Overture (1911, revised 1918)
  • Dance of Wild Irravel (1912)
  • Four Orchestral Pieces (1912–13)
  • Three Pieces for Small Orchestra (1913, revised 1928)
  • Symphonic Scherzo (1917, revised 1933)
  • Russian Suite (1919)
  • Mediterranean (1922)
  • Cortège (1925)
  • Romantic Overture (1926)
  • Overture, Elegy and Rondo (1927)
  • Three Pieces (1928)
  • Overture to a Picaresque Comedy (1930)
  • Sinfonietta (1932)
  • Saga Fragment (1932)
  • Rogue's Comedy Overture (1936)
  • Overture to Adventure (1936)
  • London Pageant (1937)
  • Paean (1938)
  • Salute to Sydney (Fanfare) (1943)
  • Work in Progress (Overture) (1943)
  • Victory March (1945)
  • The Golden Eagle (Incidental Music) (1945)
  • Two Royal Wedding Fanfares (1947)
  • Coronation March (1952)

اعمال في قالب كونشرتو

  • Symphonic Variations, for piano and orchestra (1918)
  • Phantasy for Viola and Orchestra (1920)
  • Winter Legends, for piano and orchestra (1930)
  • Cello Concerto (1932)
  • Saga Fragment, for piano and orchestra (1932)
  • Violin Concerto (1938)
  • Piano Concertino (1939)
  • Morning Song, for piano and orchestra (1946)
  • Concertante for Three Solo Wind Instruments and Orchestra (1948/1949)
  • Concertante for Orchestra with Piano (Left Hand) (1949)
  • Variations on the name Gabriel Fauré for Harp & String Orchestra (1949)

موسيقى الحجرة

عازف واحد

  • Valse, for harp (1931)
  • Rhapsodic Ballad, for cello (1939)

عازفان

  • هارب
    • Fantasy Sonata for harp and viola (1927)
    • Sonata for Flute and Harp (1928)
  • كمان
    • Violin Sonata No. 1 (1910)
    • Legend, for violin and piano, in one movement (1915)
    • Violin Sonata No. 2 (1915, revised 1922)
    • Ballad, for violin and piano (1916)
    • Violin Sonata No. 3 (1927)
    • Ballad, for violin and piano (1929)
    • Violin Sonata in F (1928)
  • فيولا
    • Concert Piece for viola and piano (1904)
    • Viola Sonata for viola and piano (1921–1922)
    • Fantasy Sonata for harp and viola (1927)
    • Legend for viola and piano (1929)
  • تشيللو
    • Folk-Tale, for cello and piano (1918)
    • Cello Sonata (1923)
    • Cello Sonatina (1933)
    • Legend-Sonata, for cello and piano (1943)
  • فلوت
    • Four Pieces for Flute and Piano (1912, revised 1915 & 1945)
    • Sonata for Flute and Harp (1928)
  • سوناتا الكلارينيت (1934)

3 عازفين

  • Trio in One Movement for Piano, Violin, and Viola (1906)
  • Elegiac Trio, for flute, viola, and harp (1916)
  • Piano Trio in B flat (1946)

4 عازفين

  • String Quartet No. 1 in G major (1918)
  • Piano Quartet, in one movement (1922)
  • String Quartet No. 2 (1925)
  • String Quartet No. 3 in F (1936)

5 عازفين

  • Quintet in G (1908)
  • Piano Quintet in G minor (1915)
  • Quintet for Harp and Strings, in one movement (1919)
  • Oboe Quintet (1922)
  • String Quintet, in one movement (1933)

6 عازفين او اكثر

  • In Memoriam, sextet for cor anglais, harp & string quartet (1916)
  • Nonet (1930)
  • Octet (1934)
  • Threnody and Scherzo, octet in two movements (1936)
  • Concerto for Flute, Oboe, Harp and String Quartet (1936)


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البيانو

بيانو واحد

  • Clavierstücke (Juvenilia) (1897-8)
  • Piano Sonata, Op. 1 (1898)
  • Piano Sonata in D minor (1900)
  • Marcia Trionfale (1900)
  • White Peace (arranged by Ronald Stevenson 1907)
  • Concert Valse in E flat (1910)
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 (1910, revised 1917-20)
  • Piano Sonata in F# minor (1910, revised, 1911, 1919 & 1921)
  • Two Russian Tone-Pictures (1912)
  • Nympholept (1912)
  • Scherzo for Piano (1913)
  • Toccata for Piano (1913)
  • From the Mountains of Home (arranged by Peter Warlock) (1913)
  • The Happy Forest (1914)
  • In the Night (1914)
  • Apple-Blossom-Time (1915)
  • In a Vodka Shop (1915)
  • The Maiden with the Daffodil (1915) )
  • A Mountain Mood (1915)
  • The Princess’s Rose Garden (1915)
  • Sleepy-Head (1915)
  • Winter Waters (1915)
  • Dream in Exile (1916)
  • Nereid (1916)
  • On a May Evening (1918)
  • A Romance (1918)
  • The Slave Girl (1919)
  • What the Minstrel Told Us (1919)
  • Whirligig (1919)
  • Piano Sonata No. 2 (1919, revised 1920)
  • Burlesque (1920)
  • Ceremonial Dance (1920)
  • A Country-Tune (1920)
  • A Hill Tune (1920)
  • Lullaby (1920)
  • Mediterranean (1920)
  • Serpent Dance (1920)
  • Water Music (1920)
  • Piano Sonata in E-flat (1921)
  • Piano Sonata No. 3 (1926)
  • Pæan (c.1928)
  • Piano Sonata No. 4 (1932)
  • A Legend (1935)
  • Piano Sonata in B flat Salzburg (1937)
  • O Dame get up and bake your pies (1945)
  • Suite on the Name Gabriel Fauré (1945)
  • Four Pieces for Piano (1947)
  • Two Lyrical Pieces for Piano (1948)

2 بيانو

  • Fantasia for Two Pianos (1900)
  • Festival Overture (arrangement of orchestral work 1911)
  • Moy Mell (1916)
  • Mediterranean (arranged for three hands by H. Rich 1920)
  • Hardanger (1927)
  • The Poisoned Fountain (1928)
  • The Devil that tempted St Anthony (1928)
  • Sonata for Two Pianos (1929)
  • Red Autumn (1931)

موسيقى الافلام

غنائية

كورالية

  • Fatherland (Runeberg, tr. C. Bax) [tenor solo] (1907, revised 1934)
  • A Christmas Carol (Anon.) [arranged for SATB by Hubert Dawkes] (1909)
  • Enchanted Summer (Shelley) [two soprano solos] (1910)
  • Variations sur ‘Cadet Rousselle’ (French trad.) [arranged by Max Saunders] (1918)
  • Of a rose I sing a song (Anon.) [SATB, harp, cello, double bass] (1920)
  • Now is the Time of Christymas (Anon.) [TB, flute, piano] (1921)
  • Mater, ora Filium (Anon.) [SSAATTBB] (1921)
  • This Worldes Joie (Anon.) [SATB with SATB divisions] (1922)
  • The Boar’s Head (Anon.) [TTBB] (1923)
  • I sing of a maiden that is makeless (Anon.) [SAATB] (1923)
  • To the Name above every Name (Crashaw) [soprano solo] (1924)
  • St Patrick’s Breastplate (Anon.) [SATB] (1924)
  • Walsinghame (Raleigh) (tenor, obbligato soparano) (1926)
  • Lord, Thou hast told us (Washbourne) [hymn for SATB] (1930)
  • The Morning Watch (Vaughan) [SATB] (1935)
  • 5 Fantasies on Polish Christmas Carols (trans. Śliwiński) [unison trebles] (1942)
  • 5 Greek Folksongs (trans. Michel-Dmitri Calvocoressi) [SATB] (1942)
  • To Russia (Masefield) [baritone solo] (1944)
  • Gloria [SATB] (1945)
  • Nunc Dimittis [SATB] (1945)
  • Te Deum [SATB] (1945)
  • Epithalamium (Spenser) [SATB in unison] (1947)
  • Magnificat [SATB] (1948)
  • Happy Birthday to you (Hill) [arr. SATB] (1951)
  • What is it like to be young and fair? (C. Bax) [SSAAT] (1953)

اغنيات مع الاوركسترا

  • 2 Nocturnes [soprano] (1911)
  • 3 Songs [high voice] (1914)
  • Song of the Dagger (Strettell and Sylva) [bass] (1914)
  • The Bard of the Dimbovitza (Strettel and Sylva) [mezzo-soprano] (1914, revised 1946)
  • Glamour (O’Byrne) [high voice] (1921, orchestrated by Rodney Newton 1987)
  • A Lyke-Wake (Anon.) [high voice] (1908, orchestrated 1934)
  • Wild Almond (Trench) [high voice] (1924, orchestrated 1934)
  • Eternity (Herrick) [high voice] (1934)
  • O Dear! What can the matter be? (trad. arr. Bax)

اغنيات

  • Aspiration (Dehmel) [arranged for high voice w/violin, cello, & piano] (1909)
  • My eyes for beauty pine (Bridges) [high voice with string quartet] (c.1921)
  • O Mistress mine (Shakespeare) [high voice with string quartet] (c.1921)

اغنيات بمصاحبة البيانو

  • The Grand Match (O'Neill) (1903)
  • To My Homeland (Gwynn) (1904)
  • A Celtic Song Cycle (Macleod) (1904)
    • Eilidh my Fawn
    • Closing Doors
    • The Dark Eyes to Mine
    • A Celtic Lullaby
    • At the Last
  • When We Are Lost (Arnold Bax) (1905)
  • From the Uplands to the Sea (Morris) (1905)
  • Leaves, Shadows and Dreams (Macleod) (1905)
  • In the Silence of the Woods (Macleod) (1905)
  • Green Branches (Macleod) (1905)
  • The Fairies (Allingham) (1905)
  • Golden Guendolen (Morris) (1905)
  • The Song in the Twilight (Freda Bax) (1905)
  • Mircath: Viking-Battle-Song (Macleod) (1905)
  • A Hushing Song (Macleod) (1906)
  • I Fear Thy Kisses Gentle Maiden (Shelley) (1906)
  • Ballad: The Twa Corbies [recitation with piano] ('Border Minstrelsy') (1906)
  • Magnificat (St. Luke 1.46-55) (1906)
  • The Blessed Damozel (Rossetti) (1906)
  • 5 Traditional Songs of France (1920)
  • I Heard a Piper Piping (Seosamh MacCathmhaoil, Joseph Campbell) (1922)

مراجع

ببليوجرافيا

  • Corder, Frederick. A History of The Royal Academy of Music from 1822 to 1922 (London: Fredrick Corder, 1922).
  • O’Byrne, Dermot. Poems by Arnold Bax, collected, selected and edited by Lewis Foreman, together with two previously unpublished songs by Bax to his own words, Lewis Foreman (ed.), (London: Thames Publishing, 1979).
  • De Barra, Séamas. "Into the Twilight: Arnold Bax and Ireland", The Journal of Music in Ireland 4/3 (March–April 2004): 25–29.
  • Elnaes, Thomas. "An Anglo-Irish Composer: New Perspectives on the Creative Achievements of Sir Arnold Bax", Master's Dissertation, University of Dublin, Trinity College, 2006.
  • Foreman, Lewis, Bax. A composer and his times (1st edn, Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1983; 2nd edn, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 1987; 3rd edn, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007).
  • Foreman, Lewis (ed.). Farewell, My Youth and other writings by Arnold Bax (Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1992; now Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.).
  • Foreman, Lewis and Susan Foreman. London–A Musical Gazetteer (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005).
  • Parlett, Graham. A Catalogue Of The Works Of Sir Arnold Bax (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999).
  • Scott-Sutherland, Colin. Arnold Bax (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1973).
  • Scott-Sutherland, Colin (ed.). Ideala – Love Letters and Poems of Arnold Bax (Petersfield, Hampshire: Fand Music Press, 2001).
  • White, Harry. The Keeper’s Recital: Music and Cultural History in Ireland, 1770–1970 (Cork: Cork University Press, 1998).
  • British Broadcasting Radio 3. "Arnold Bax", Composer of the Week, 29 July 2003.


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