إمارة قندهار

Principality of Kandahar
شاهزاده‌نشین قندهار
Principality of Kandahar شاهزاده‌نشین قندهار
Capital	Kandahar
اللغات الرسمية	Persian; Pashto
الجماعات العرقية	Pashtuns; Farsiwans; Tajiks; Qizilbash; Hazaras; Baloch;
الدين	Sunni Islam (official); Shia Islam
صفة المواطنs	Kandahari (Persian); Kandaharai/Kandaharəi (Pashto)
الحكومة	Principality
• 1818–1826 (first)	Sher Dil Khan
• 1855–1856 (last)	Rahim Dil Khan
التاريخ
• Principality established by Sher Dil Khan	August 1818
• Fall of Kandahar	8 May 1839
• Liberation of Kandahar	9 August 1842
• Conquest of Kandahar	September 1856
سبقها	تلاها
	Durrani Empire
Emirate of Kabul
Emirate of Herat
Khanate of Kalat
Sind State
اليوم جزء من	Afghanistan; Iran; Pakistan

The Principality of Kandahar^[ت]^[1] was a principality based in Kandahar and its surroundings from 1818 to 1856. Founded by Sher Dil Khan in August 1818 as a breakaway from the Durrani Empire, it was ruled by the Dil brothers, members of the Barakzai dynasty.^[2] In September 1856, the principality was conquered by the Kabul-based half-brother of the Kandahari Dil brothers,^[3] Dost Mohammad Khan.^[4]^[2]^[5]

History

In August 1818, the Dil brothers led by Sher Dil Khan seized Kandahar and its surroundings and declared independence. Sher Dil Khan was in charge of the military in the principality.^[2] The rule of the four brothers was very unpopular. Sher Dil Khan was supposed to be in charge of Kandahar's walls but after his death in 1826, the brothers fought each other and allowed the city's walls to fall into decay.^[6]

In 1842, the Dil Brothers Kohan Dil Khan, Mehr Dil Khan, and Rahim Dil Khan left their exile in Kerman and set out towards Kandahar. They occupied Kandahar and re-established the principality.^[7] In the aftermath of the First Anglo-Afghan War, Kohan Dil Khan aimed to expand his influence into Sistan, which had fractured into a number of tribal fiefdoms. As part of this move, Kohan Dil Khan expanded his sphere of influence up to the district of Rudbar, controlled by the Sanjarani Baloch.^[8] Herat under Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai also claimed Sistan as part of his domain, and this would cause clashes between both powers.

In 1855, the death of Kohan Dil Khan sparked a succession crisis between Rahim Dil Khan, and the sons of Kohan Dil led by Mohammad Sadiq Khan. Dost Mohammad Khan capitalized off of this period of anarchy and conquered the principality in September 1856.^[9]

Territory and subdivisions

The territory of the principality seems to have been split among the various brothers. At the time of Charles Masson's visit to Kandahar, the division of the principality seems to have been as follows:

Pur Dil Khan as Prince of Kandahar (Kandahar and its surroundings)
Kohan Dil Khan as Governor of the Western Frontier (Garmsir, Zamindawar, Deh Rawood, Uruzgan; near Herat)
Mehr Dil Khan as Governor of the Northern Frontier (Near the domains of the Tokhi and Hotak tribes)
Rahim Dil Khan as Governor of the Eastern Frontier (Sibi, Pishin, and Shorawak)

Sindh and Balochistan paid tribute and were dependent on the principality, being subject to their suzerainty, but were able to break away in August 1826 following the death of Sher Dil Khan.^[2]

List of princes

1818–1839

الاسم	العمر	تولى الحكم	ترك الحكم	هوامش	العائلة	صورة
Sher Dil Khan	1786 – 9 August 1826	August 1818	9 August 1826	Established the Principality of Kandahar in August 1818, as a breakaway from the Durrani Empire ruled by Mahmud Shah Durrani	Barakzai	ملف:Sher Dil Khan.jpg
Pur Dil Khan	1785 – 22 June 1830	9 August 1826	22 June 1830	Succeeded the death of his younger brother Sher Dil Khan	Barakzai
Kohan Dil Khan	1792 – 21 August 1855	22 June 1830	8 May 1839	Succeeded the death of his elder brother Kohan Pur Dil Khan	Barakzai

1842–1856

الاسم	العمر	تولى الحكم	ترك الحكم	هوامش	العائلة	صورة
Kohan Dil Khan	1792 – 21 August 1855	9 August 1842	21 August 1855	Re-established the Principality of Kandahar following the deposition of Durranis and British soldiers from Kandahar	Barakzai
Rahim Dil Khan	1796 – 1859	21 August 1855	September 1856	Succeeded the death of his elder brother Kohan Dil Khan which sparked a succession crisis between him and Kohan Dil's son Mohammad Sadiq Khan, later overthrown by Dost Mohammad Khan of Kabul in the Conquest of Kandahar	Barakzai

Notes

^ Dynastic
^ Disputed with Mohammad Sadiq Khan
^ Persian: شاهزاده‌نشین قندهار, romanized: Shahzāda Nashīn-i Qandahār [ʃɑː.zɑː.dá/ʃäɦ.zɑː.d̪á nä.ʃíː.nɪ qän̪.d̪ɑːɑ́ːɾ/qän̪.d̪ä.ɦɑ́ːɾ]

References

^ Samāddāra, Raṇabīra (2002). Space, Territory, and the State: New Readings in International Politics (in الإنجليزية). Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-2209-1.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Noelle, Christine (2012-06-25). State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863) (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-60317-4.
^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975). Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 388. ISBN 978-3-201-00921-8.
^ Lee, Jonathan L. (2019-01-15). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present (in الإنجليزية). Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
^ Kuhzad, Ahmad Ali (c. 1950s). Men and events : through 18th and 19th century : Afghanistan. Robarts - University of Toronto. Kabul : [s.n.]
^ Trousdale, William B. (2021-03-08). Kandahar in the Nineteenth Century (in الإنجليزية). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-44522-2.
^ Yusuf, Mohamed (1988). A History of Afghanistan, from 1793 A.D. to 1865 A.D. ISBN 1466222417.
^ Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries) (in الإنجليزية). Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISBN 978-3-7001-7202-4.
^ Lee 2019, p. 317.

قالب:Afghanistan-hist-stub قالب:Kandahar-geo-stub

?

[1] Dynastic

[2] Disputed with Mohammad Sadiq Khan

[3] Persian: شاهزاده‌نشین قندهار, romanized: Shahzāda Nashīn-i Qandahār [ʃɑː.zɑː.dá/ʃäɦ.zɑː.d̪á nä.ʃíː.nɪ qän̪.d̪ɑːɑ́ːɾ/qän̪.d̪ä.ɦɑ́ːɾ]

[4] Samāddāra, Raṇabīra (2002). Space, Territory, and the State: New Readings in International Politics (in الإنجليزية). Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-2209-1.

[:0-5] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Noelle, Christine (2012-06-25). State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863) (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-60317-4.

[6] Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975). Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 388. ISBN 978-3-201-00921-8.

[7] Lee, Jonathan L. (2019-01-15). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present (in الإنجليزية). Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.

[8] Kuhzad, Ahmad Ali (c. 1950s). Men and events : through 18th and 19th century : Afghanistan. Robarts - University of Toronto. Kabul : [s.n.]

[9] Trousdale, William B. (2021-03-08). Kandahar in the Nineteenth Century (in الإنجليزية). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-44522-2.

[:25-10] Yusuf, Mohamed (1988). A History of Afghanistan, from 1793 A.D. to 1865 A.D. ISBN 1466222417.

[:02-11] Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries) (in الإنجليزية). Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISBN 978-3-7001-7202-4.

[FOOTNOTELee2019317-12] Lee 2019, p. 317.

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