پرسيوس من مقدون
Perseus (باليونانية: Περσεύς; ح. 212 – 166 BC) was the last king (Basileus) of the Antigonid dynasty, who ruled the successor state in Macedon created upon the death of Alexander the Great. He was the last Antigonid to rule Macedon, after losing the Battle of Pydna on 22 June 168 BC; subsequently, Macedon came under Roman rule.
| Perseus | |
|---|---|
 Coin of Perseus of Macedon | |
| Basileus of Macedonia | |
| العهد | 179–168 BC |
| سبقه | Philip V of Macedon |
| تبعه | Roman conquest and partition of Macedon |
| وُلِد | 212 BC Pella, Macedonia |
| توفي | 166 BC (aged 46) Alba Fucens, Roman Italy |
| الزوج | Laodice V |
| الأنجال | Alexander (son of Perseus) |
| Greek | Περσεύς (Perseus) |
| البيت | Antigonid dynasty |
| الأب | Philip V of Macedon |
| الأم | Polycratia of Argos |
| الديانة | Greek polytheism |
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Early life
Perseus was the son of king Philip V of Macedon and a concubine, probably Polycratia of Argos.[1] His father spent most of his reign attempting to maintain Macedonian hegemony over Greece against heavy Greek resistance and, in his later reign, against a expansionist Roman Republic. In this regard Philip V would fail as following defeat in the Second Macedonian War, he would have to accept Roman power in Greece and would later help Rome in the War against Nabis (195 BC) and Aetolian War (191-189 BC).[2] Perseus is recorded as having commanded Macedonian troops in both the Second Macedonian War and Aetolian War. Being a son of a concubine, Perseus feared that the throne might pass on to his legitimate younger brother Demetrius, who had been sent as a hostage to Rome following the Second Macedonian War and now led a Pro Roman faction within the Macedonian court. In 180 BC Perseus forged a letter supposedly from the Roman general Titus Quinctius Flamininus which suggested that Demetrius was planning to overthrow Philip V. This successfully convinced Philip V to execute Demetrius.[3] Philip would die the next year and was succeeded by Perseus.
Reign
Soon Rome and Perseus went to war in the Third Macedonian War (171-168 BC). Although Perseus had some initial success, the war ended with the King's surrender to the Roman general Lucius Aemilius Paullus after his decisive defeat at the Battle of Pydna, and his eventual imprisonment in Rome with his half-brother Philippus and son Alexander.[5] Blaise Pascal mentions in his Pensées (Lafuma 15) that Perseus was blamed for not committing suicide, supposedly after his defeat at Pydna. The Antigonid kingdom was dissolved, and replaced with four republics. Perseus was led as a captive in the triumph of Paullus, then thrown in prison, where – according to Plutarch – after two years, the Romans decided to kill him, and had him kept from sleeping to the point that he died from exhaustion in 166 BC.[6] Livy, however, writes that he was shown clemency, and kept in good conditions at Alba Fucens for the rest of his life.[7]
In 178 BC, he had married Laodice V, the daughter of Seleucus IV from Syria. One son of Perseus and Laodice, Alexander was still a child when Perseus was defeated by the Romans, and after the triumph of Aemilius Paullus in 167 BC, was kept in custody at Alba Fucens, together with his father. He became a skillful metalworker, learned the Latin language, and became a public notary.[8][9][10]
Legacy
In 149 BC, Andriscus, claiming to be Perseus' son, announced his intention to retake Macedonia from the Romans. He broke off the Roman rule for about a year, but was defeated in 148 BC by the Romans, thereby ending the reign of the last Macedonian king. In 146 BC, the four republics were dissolved, and Macedon officially became the Roman province of Macedonia.
See also
References
- ^ Livius. xxxix. 53
- ^ "Perseus | king of Macedonia | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ S. Gruen, Erich. "Last Years of Philip V". Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies.
- ^ Hoover, Handbook of Coins of Macedon, Part I, p. 411.
- ^ William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1870. "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 270 (V. 3)". Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2007-10-17.]
- ^ Plutarch, Life of Aemilius, 34 & 38, Loeb Classical Library edition, 1918
- ^ Livy, Book XLV
- ^ Livy, xlv. 42
- ^ Plutarch, Aem. Paul. 37
- ^ Smith, William (1867). "Alexander". In William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 124.
Bibliography
- Oliver D. Hoover, Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, Sixth to First Centuries BC [The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 3], Lancaster/London, Classical Numismatic Group, 2016.
External links
Media related to پرسيوس من مقدون at Wikimedia Commons
پرسيوس من مقدون وُلِد: c. 212 BC توفي: 166 BC
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| ألقاب ملكية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Philip V |
King of Macedon 179–168 BC |
تبعه Office abolished Macedonia annexed by Rome |