أسنان دائمة
| الأسنان الدائمة | |
|---|---|
 الأسنان الدائمة. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| اللاتينية | dentes permanentes |
| TA98 | A05.1.03.077 |
| TA2 | 913 |
| FMA | 75152 |
| المصطلحات التشريحية | |
الأسنان الدائمة (Permanent teeth) أو أسنان البالغين (adult teeth)، هي المجموعة الثانية من الأسنان التي تتكون لدى الثدييات ثنائية التسنين. لدى البشر وقرود العالم القديم، تتكون الأسنان الدائمة من 32 سنة، ستة أضراس في الفك العلوية وستة أضراس في الفك السفلي، أربعة ضواحك في الفك العلوي ومثلها في الفك السفلي، ونابان في الفك العلوي ومثلهما في الفك السفلي، إضافة إلى أربعة قواطع في كل فك.[1]
التطور
The first permanent tooth usually appears in the mouth at around 5-6 years of age, and the mouth will then be in a transition time with both primary (or deciduous dentition) teeth and permanent teeth during the mixed dentition period until the last primary tooth is lost or shed.[2]
The first of the permanent teeth to erupt are the permanent first molars, right behind the last 'milk' molars of the primary dentition. These first permanent molars are important for the correct development of a permanent dentition. Up to thirteen years of age, 28 of the 32 permanent teeth will appear.
The full permanent dentition is completed much later during the permanent dentition period.[3] The four last permanent teeth, the third molars, usually appear between the ages of 17 and 21 years; they are considered wisdom teeth.[4]
علم الأمراض
It is possible to have extra, or "supernumerary", teeth. This phenomenon is called hyperdontia and is often erroneously referred to as "a third set of teeth." These teeth may erupt into the mouth or remain impacted in the bone. Hyperdontia is often associated with syndromes such as cleft lip and cleft palate, tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, and Gardner's syndrome.[5]
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "Tooth eruption: The permanent teeth". American Dental Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2016.
- ^ "Permanent tooth eruption chart". American Dental Association.
- ^ Fehrenbach; Popowics (2026). lllustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy. Elsevier. pp. 217–219.
- ^ "Tooth eruption: The permanent teeth" (PDF). American Dental Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2012.
- ^ Jordan, Joseph A. Regezi & James J. Sciubba; Richard C. K. (2003). Oral pathology : clinical pathologic correlations (4th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders. ISBN 978-0721698052.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition.
'هذه المقالة تَعتمد على مَواد وَمعلومات ذات ملكية عامة، من للطبعة العِشرين لكتاب تشريح گرايز لعام 1918. .