قائمة ملوك الحيثيين الجدد
(تم التحويل من List of Neo-Hittite kings)
The Neo-Hittite states are sorted according to their geographical position.
All annual details are BC.
The contemporary sources name the language they are written in. Those can be:
- Luwian (always using Luwian hieroglyphs)
- Hittite
- Aramaic
- Phoenician
- Assyrian
- Urartian
- Babylonian
- Hebrew (from Old Testament)
Also post-Neo-Hittite rulers and the Hittite viceroys of Carchemish are listed for completeness. Post-Neo-Hittite rulers are named as such.
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منطقة الفرات
Carchemish (Hittite Karkamissa, Luwian Karkamis)[1][2][3]
For complete dynastic history also the Viceroys of Carchemish from the Hittite empire period are listed here.
| Viceregal dynasty[4] (dynasty of Tudḫaliya I) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Piyassili/Šarri-Kušuḫ | ca. 1321 - 1309 | first viceroy of Carchemish, son of Suppiluliuma I | Hittite |
| Sahurunuwa | since 1309 | son of Piyassili/Šarri-Kušuḫ | Hittite |
| Ini-Teššub I | at the time of Hattusili III and Tudhaliya IV, about 60 years | son of Sahurunuwa | Hittite |
| Talmi-Teššub | at the time of Suppiluliuma II | son of Ini-Teššub I | Hittite |
| Dynasty of Great Kings (dynasty of Tudhaliya I continued) | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Kuzi-Teššub | ca. 1200/ early - mid 12th century/ 1180 - 1150[5] | son of Talmi-Teššub; assumed the title of Great King of Carchemish | Luwian |
| Mazakarhuha[3] | early - mid 12th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
| Ir-Teššub | mid/later 12th century | reign unclear, synonym Iri-Teššub | Luwian |
| Ini-Teššub II | ca. 1100/ later 12th - early 11th century | reign unclear | Assyrian |
| Tudhaliya | possibly 11th or 10th century | Reign unclear, possibly succeeded Uratarhunza instead, possibly preceded Ir-Teššub instead | Luwian |
| x-paziti | possibly later 11th or 10th century/ possibly early 10th century | possibly Sipaziti or Sapaziti[3] | Luwian |
| Uratarhunza | possibly later 11th or 10th century | son of x-paziti | Luwian |
| Dynasty of Suhi | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Suhi I | possibly early[6] 10th century | Luwian | |
| Astuwalamanza | possibly mid[7] 10th century | son of Suhi I, previously read Astuwatamanza[8] | Luwian |
| Suhi II | possibly late[9] 10th century | son of Astuwatamanza | Luwian |
| Katuwa | possibly 10th or early 9th century/ ca. 880?[10] | son of Suhi II | Luwian |
| Sangara | ca. 870 - 848 | Assyrian | |
| Dynasty of Astiruwa | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Astiruwa | end 9th - beginning 8th century/ ca.848 - 790[11] | synonym Astiru[12] or Astiru I[13] | Luwian |
| Yariri | early - mid 8th century/ ca. 790[14] | "subject of Astiruwa", regent, possibly eunuch | Luwian |
| Kamani | early - mid 8th century/ ca. 760[15]/ca. 738[16] | son of Astiruwa | Luwian |
| Sastura | mid 8th century | reign unclear, vizier of Kamani | Luwian |
| son of Sastura | 2nd half 8th century | possibly identical with Pisiri, possibly also known as Astiru II[13] | Luwian |
| Pisiri | ca. 738 - 717 | Assyrian | |
Melid (Luwian Malizi)[17][18]
| Dynasty of Kuzi-Teššub (dynasty of Tudḫaliya I) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Kuzi-Teššub | ca. 1200/ early - mid 12th century/ 1180 - 1150[19] | king of Carchemish | Luwian |
| PUGNUS-mili I | later 12th century | son of Kuzi-Teššub | Luwian |
| Runtiya | later 12th century | son of PUGNUS-mili I | Luwian |
| Arnuwanti I | later 12th century | brother of Runtiya | Luwian |
| PUGNUS-mili II | late 12th - early 11th century/ ca. 1112[20] | son of Arnuwanti I, Assyrian possibly Allumari | Luwian, Assyrian? |
| Arnuwanti II | late 12th - early 11th century | son of PUGNUS-mili II | Luwian |
| PUGNUS-mili III | possibly 11th or early 10th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
| Dynasty of CRUS + RA/I-sa | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| CRUS + RA/I-sa | possibly 11th - 10th century | name possibly Taras | Luwian |
| Wasu(?)runtiya | possibly 11th - 10th century | son of CRUS + RA/I-sa | Luwian |
| Halpasulupi | possibly 11th - 10th century | son of Wasu(?)runtiya | Luwian |
| Later rulers | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Suwarimi | possibly 11th or 10th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
| Mariti | possibly 11th or 10th century | son of Suwarimi | Luwian |
| Sahwi | identical with Sahu? Then later | Luwian | |
| Sa(?)tiruntiya | identical with Hilaruada? Then later | Luwian | |
| Lalli | min. 853 - 835 | Assyrian | |
| opponent of Zakur of Hamath | early 8th century | identical with Sahu/Sahwi? | Aramaic |
| Sahu | early 8th century | identical with Sahwi? | Urartian |
| unknown king | early 8th century | Urartian tributary, identical with Sahu? | Urartian |
| Hilaruada | ca. 784/780 - 760/750[21] | Synonym Helaruada,[21] identical with Sa(?)tiruntiya? | Urartian |
| Sulumal | 743 - 732 | Assyrian | |
| Gunzinanu | ca. 720/719 | deposed by Assyrians, synonym Gunzianu | Assyrian |
| Tarhunazi | ca. 719-712 | installed by Assyrians instead of Gunzinanu | Assyrian |
| Muwatalli | 713[22] - 708 | Assyrian Mutallu, king of Kummuh, installed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
| Assyrian rule | since 708 | Assyrian | |
| Mugallu | 675 - 651 | independent king, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Babylonian, Assyrian |
| x-ussi | ca. 640 | son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Assyrian |
Kummuh (Luwian Kummaḫa, Classical Commagene)[23][2]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hattusili I | ca. 866 - ca. 857 | Assyrian Qatazilu or Qatazili | Assyrian |
| Kundašpu | ca. 856/853 | synonym Kundašpi | Assyrian |
| Suppiluliuma | 805 - 773 | Assyrian Ušpilulume, Assyrian tributary | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Hattusili II | mid 8th century | son of Suppiluliuma | Luwian |
| Kuštašpi | ca. 750/ ca. 755 - 730[24] | Urartian and Assyrian tributary | Urartian, Assyrian |
| Muwatalli | 712 - 708 | Assyrian Mutallu, installed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
Masuwari/Til Barsip/Bit-Adini[25]
| The two dynasties | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Hapatila | late 10th - early 9th century | dynasty A | Luwian |
| Ariyahina | late 10th - early 9th century | grandson of Hapatila, dynasty A | Luwian |
| father of Hamiyata | late 10th - early 9th century | usurper, dynasty B | Luwian |
| Hamiyata | late 10th - early 9th century | dynasty B | Luwian |
| son of Hamiyata | early - mid 9th century | dynasty B | Luwian |
| son of Ariyahina | mid 9th century | dynasty A | Luwian |
| Bit-Adini regime | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Ahuni | 856/ 875 - 855[26] | Assyrian | |
Antitaurus region, Western Syrian region
Gurgum (Luwian Kurkuma)[27][28][2]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Astuwaramanza | late 11th century | Luwian | |
| Muwatalli I | early 10th century | son of Astuwaramanza | Luwian |
| Larama I | ca. 950 | son of Muwatalli I | Luwian |
| Muwizi | later 10th century | son of Larama I | Luwian |
| Halparuntiya I | earlier 9th century | son of Muwizi | Luwian |
| Muwatalli II | 858 | son of Halparuntiya I, Assyrian Mutallu | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Halparuntiya II | ca. 853/ 855 - 830[29] | son of Muwatalli II, Assyrian Qalparunda | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Larama II | later 9th century | son of Halparuntiya II, Assyrian Palalam | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Halparuntiya III | 805 - ca. 800/780[29] | son of Larama II, Assyrian Qalparunda | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Tarhulara | 743 - ca. 711 | Assyrian | |
| Muwatalli III | ca. 711 | son of Tarhulara, Assyrian Mutallu | Assyrian |
Pattin/Unqi[30][31]/Palistin[32]
| Early rulers[32][33] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Taita | 11th or 10th century | possibly Philistine, king of Tell Tayinat; also interpretable as two kings of the same name: Taita I in 11th century and Taita II in 10th century | Luwian |
| Manana | 10th century | Luwian | |
| Suppiluliuma I | 10th century | Luwian | |
| Halparuntiya I | 10th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
| "Dynasty of Lubarna" | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Labarna I | ca. 875/870 - 858? | Assyrian Lubarna | Assyrian |
| Suppiluliuma II | 858/857 | Assyrian Sapalulme | Assyrian |
| Halparuntiya II | 858/857 - 853 | Assyrian Qalparunda | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Labarna II | 831/829 | Assyrian Lubarna | Assyrian |
| Later rulers | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Surri | 831 | usurper | Assyrian |
| Sasi | 831 | Assyrian tributary | Assyrian |
| Tutammu | 738 | Assyrian | |
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Hamath (Luwian Imat)[34][35][36]
| Early rulers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Toi | early 10th century | synonym Tou | Old Testament (2 Samuel 8:9) |
| Dynasty of Parita | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Parita | 1st half 9th century | Luwian | |
| Urahilina | 853 - 845 | son of Parita, previously read Urhilina,[36] Assyrian Irhuleni | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Uratami | ca. 830/840 - 820[35] | son of Urahilina, Assyrian possibly Rudamu | Luwian, Assyrian? |
| Later rulers | |||
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
| Zakur | ca. 800 | synonym Zakkur | Aramaic |
| Eni-Ilu | 738 | Assyrian | |
| Yau-bidi | 720 | synonym Ilu-bidi | Assyrian |
Central and South-Eastern Anatolian region
Tabal
Divides into Tabal "Proper" and other localities.[37][31]
Tabal/Bit-Burutaš (Classical Cappadocia)[38][31][39]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tuwati I | 837 | Assyrian Tuatti | Assyrian |
| Kikki | 837 | son of Tuwati I | Assyrian |
| Tuwati II | mid 8th century | Luwian | |
| Wasusarma | ca. 740/38[40] - 730 | son of Tuwati II, Assyrian Wassurme | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Hulli | 730 - 726 | Assyrian tributary | Assyrian |
| Ambaris | ca. 721 - 713 | son of Hulli, deposed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
| Iškallu | ca. 679 | synonym Iskallu | Assyrian |
| Mugallu | 663, 651 | post-Neo-Hittite ruler, identical with Mugallu, king of Malatya? | Assyrian |
| x-ussi | ca. 640 | son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler, idental with x-ussi from Malatya? | Assyrian |
آتونا (Luwian Tunna)[41][31]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ušḫitti | ca. 740 - 732 | Assyrian | |
| Ashwis(i) | 3rd quarter of 8th century | reign unclear, identical with Ušḫitti? | Luwian |
| Kurti | ca. 732[24]/ 718 - 713 | son of Ashwis(i), previously read Matti[42] | Luwian, Assyrian |
Ištunda/Ištuanda[43][31]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tuhamme | 738 - 732 | Assyrian |
Šinuḫtu[44][31]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kiyakiya | 718 | Assyrian Kiakki oder Kiakku | Luwian, Assyrian |
توانا (Classical Tyanitis)[45][31]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Warpalawa I | early 8th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
| Saruwani | 1st half 8th century | Luwian | |
| Muwaharani I | ca. 740 | Luwian | |
| Warpalawa II | ca. 740 - 705/ ca. 738 - 710[40] | son of Muwaharani I, Assyrian Urballa, Urballu[40] | Luwian, Assyrian |
| Muwaharani II | end 8th century | son of Warpalawa II | Luwian |
Ḫupišna (Classical Cybistra) [46][31]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Puhamme | 837 | Assyrian | |
| Urimme | ca. 740 | synonym Uirimme | Assyrian |
Kulummu/Til-garimmu[47][48]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gurdi | 705 | Gurdī, unusual synonym Qurdī, previously read Ešpai or Hidi | Assyrian |
Kaška[49][31]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dadi-Ilu | 738 - 732 | synonym Dadi-Il or Dad-Ilu, Kaška probably identical with the Kaska of Hittite Sources | Assyrian |
قيليقيا
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Que (Luwian Adanawa/Hiyawa, Classical Cilicia of the Plain)[50]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kate | 858 - 831 | deposed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
| Kirri | 831 | brother of Kate, installed by Assyrians instead of Kate | Assyrian |
| Awariku | ca. 738 - 709/ ca. 730[51] | synonym Warika, Assyrian Urikki | Luwian, Phoenician, Assyrian |
| أزاتيواتا | ca. 705 | possibly regent, reign unclear | Luwian, Phoenician |
| son of Awariku | late 8th - early 7th century | reign unclear | Luwian, Phoenician |
هيلاكـّو (Classical Rough Cilicia)[52]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pihirim | mid 9th century | Assyrian | |
| Ambaris | ca. 718 - 713 | king of Tabal | Assyrian |
| Sandasarme | ca.665[53] | post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Assyrian |
Tanakun[54]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tulli | 833 | "Prince" of Tanakun | Assyrian |
Illubru[54]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kirua | 696 | "Prince" of Illubru, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | آشورية |
Kundu and Sizzu[54][55]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanduarri | 678/676 | "Prince" of Kundu and Sizzu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler, possibly identical with أزاتيواتا | آشورية |
Pirindu/Piriddu[56][57]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appuašu | 557 | synonym Appuwašu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | بابلية |
Aramaean region
Bit-Agusi/Arpad[58]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gusi | ca. 870 | Dynasty founder | Assyrian |
| Hadram | ca. 860 - 830 | son of Gusi, Assyrian Adramu or Arame | Assyrian |
| Attar-šumki I | ca. 830 - 800/ 805 - 796[59] | son of Hadram, synonym Bar-Guš[59] | Assyrian, Aramaic |
| Bar-Hadad | ca. 800 | son of Attar-šumki I, reign unclear | Aramaic |
| Attar-šumki II | 1st half 8th century | son of Bar-Hadad | Aramaic |
| Mati-Ilu | mid 8th century | son of Attar-šumki II | Aramaic |
Y'adiya/Bit-Gabbari
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gabbar | ca 920[60]/ca. 900 - 880 | Dynasty founder | Phoenician |
| Bamah | ca. 880 - 865 | son of Gabbar | Phoenician |
| Hayya | ca. 865-840[21] | son of Bamah | Phoenician, Assyrian |
| Ša-il | ca. 840 - 830 | son of Hayya | Phoenician |
| Kilamuwa | ca. 830 - 820[21] | brother of Ša-il | Phoenician |
Sam'al/Siri'laya (Zincirli)
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hayyanu | ca. 859 - 854 | Dynasty founder | Assyrian |
| Ahabbu | ca. 854 - 825 | son of Hayyanu?, confused with the biblical king Ahab | Assyrian |
| Qarli | ca. 825 - 790 | son of Ahabbu?, he unified Sam'al and Y'DY | Aramaic |
| Panamuwa I | ca. 790 - 750 | son of Qarli, synonym Panammu[61] | Aramaic |
| Bar-Sur | ca. 750 - 745 | son of Panamuwa I | Aramaic |
| usurper | ca. 745 - 740 | Aramaic | |
| Panamuwa II | ca. 743[62] - 727 | son of Bar-Sur, synonym Panammu[61] | Aramaic, Assyrian |
| Bar-Rakib | 727[63] - 713/711[64] | son of Panamuwa II | Aramaic, Luwian |
Kasku/Kaska/Ktk[65]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bar-Ga'ya | mid 8th century | Possibly an Assyrian high official, or Tiglath-Pileser III |
Zobah[66]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hadad-ezer | at the time of Saul and David of Israel | Old Testament ( 1 Samuel 14:47, 2 Samuel 8:3-12) |
آرام-دمشق[67]
| الاسم | العهد | ملاحظات | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ben-Hadad I | ca. 960 | son of Tob-Rimmon | Old Testament (1 Kings 15:16-22) |
| Ben-Hadad II | ca. 930 | son of Ben-Hadad I | Old Testament (1 Kings 20-22) |
| Hazael I | 895 - 854 | usurper | Old Testament (2 Kings 8:7-15; 13:3) |
| Ben-Hadad III | 854 - 842 | son of Hazael I, Aramaic Bir-Hadad, Assyrian Adad-idri | Aramaic, Assyrian, Old Testament (2 Kings 13:3, 24-25) |
| Hazael II | 842 - 824 | son of a nobody, but not a usurper | Assyrian |
| Mari | 824 - 790 | son of Hazael II? | Assyrian |
| Hadyan II | ca. 775? - mid 8th century | Assyrian Hadiiani | Assyrian |
| Azriau | 750 - 740 | Hebrew Azar-Yao/Rezin | Assyrian, Old Testament (2 Kings 16:5-9) |
| Raqianu | 740 - 727 | Assyrian Rahianu | Assyrian |
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 83–98, 302.
- ^ أ ب ت Marek & Frei (2010), p. 803.
- ^ أ ب ت Weeden (2013), p. 9.
- ^ Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (2002), p. 315.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Payne (2012), p. 6.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 91.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Bryce (2012), p. 94.
- ^ أ ب Bryce (2012), p. 98.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 90.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 98–110, 293, 303–304.
- ^ Marek & Frei (2010), p. 804.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 10.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Leick (2002), p. 92.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 110.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 110–114, 304.
- ^ أ ب Leick (2002), p. 95.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 115–121, 168–169, 304.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 8.
- ^ Payne (2012), pp. 7, 52.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 122–128, 305.
- ^ أ ب Leick (2002), p. 65.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 128–133, 305–306.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ Marek & Frei (2010), p. 802.
- ^ أ ب Weeden (2013), p. 15.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 128f.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 133–138, 306.
- ^ أ ب Payne (2012), p. 8.
- ^ أ ب Payne (2012), p. 59.
- ^ Bryce (2012), p. 141.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 141–145, 293, 306–307.
- ^ Payne (2012), p. 9.
- ^ أ ب ت Leick (2002), p. 175.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 145–147, 307.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 94.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 147, 307.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 148, 307.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 148–152, 307.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 153, 307.
- ^ Glassner (2004), pp. 174–175.
- ^ Dalley (1999), pp. 74.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 265, 267.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 38, 153–161, 308.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 172.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 38, 161–162, 308.
- ^ Berndt-Ersöz (2008), p. 23.
- ^ أ ب ت Jasnik & Marino (2005), p. 6.
- ^ Payne (2012), p. 5.
- ^ Glassner (2004), pp. 230, 232–233.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 19.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 165–168, 308.
- ^ أ ب Leick (2002), p. 33.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 60.
- ^ أ ب Leick (2002), p. 128.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ^ Leick (2002), p. 38.
- ^ Bryce (2012), p. 179.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 179–180.
- ^ Bryce (2012), pp. 175–178, 309.
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