كوتريگور
كوتريگور Kutrigurs كانوا بدو خيالة الذين ازدهروا في سهوب پنطس-القزوين في القرن السادس الميلادي. إلى الشرق منهم تواجد الأوتيگور المشابهون. وقد حاربوا الامبراطورية البيزنطية والأوتيگور. وقرب نهاية القرن السادس كان الآڤار قد استوعبوهم بضغط من الترك.
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أصل الاسم
The name Kutrigur, also recorded as Kwrtrgr, Κουτρίγουροι, Κουτούργουροι, Κοτρίγουροι, Κοτρίγοροι, Κουτρίγοροι, Κοτράγηροι, Κουτράγουροι, Κοτριαγήροι,[1] has been suggested as a metathecized form of Turkic *Toqur-Oğur, thus the *Quturoğur mean "Nine Oğur (tribes)".[2] David Marshall Lang derived it from Turkic kötrügür (conspicuous, eminent, renowned).[3] There has been little scholarly support for theories linking the names of Kutrigurs and Utigurs to peoples such as the Guti/Quti and/or Udi/Uti, of Ancient Southwest Asia and the Caucasus respectively, which has been posited by Osman Karatay,[4] or Duč'i (some read Kuchi) Bulgars by Josef Markwart.[5]
التاريخ
Grousset thought that they were remnants of the Huns.[6] Procopius recounts that:{{quote|in the old days many Huns,{{refn|group="nb"|The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter of their actual origin and identity.
انظر أيضاً
ملاحظات
الهامش
- ^ Golden 2011, p. 139.
- ^ Golden 2011, p. 71, 139.
- ^ Lang 1976, p. 34.
- ^ Karatay 2003, p. 26.
- ^ Vasil 1918.
- ^ Grousset 1970, p. 79.
- المصادر
- Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447032742.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Lang, David Marshall (1976). The Bulgarians: from pagan times to the Ottoman conquest. Westview Press. ISBN 9780891585305.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Karatay, Osman (2003). In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croation Nation. Ayse Demiral. ISBN 9789756467077.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Zlatarski, Vasil (1918). History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages, Volume I. History of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Part I. Age of Hun-Bulgarian supremacy (679-852) (in Bulgarian). Sofia.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. The State University of New Jersey. ISBN 9780813513041.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400829941.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Dickens, Mark (2004). Medieval Syriac Historians’ Perceptionsof the Turks. University of Cambridge.
- D. Dimitrov (1987). "Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs". Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie. Varna.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Golden, Peter B. (2011). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei. ISBN 9789732721520.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Curta, Florin (2015). "Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans". In Zimonyi István; Osman Karatay (eds.). Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 69–89.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Dickens, Mark (2010). The Three Scythian Brothers: an Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Great.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help)