بوابة فوكشاني
بوابة فوكشاني (Focșani Gate ؛ رومانية: Poarta Focșani or Poarta Focșanilor) is a militarily and strategically vulnerable area in Romania and NATO. Control of the Focșani Gate allows entry into vast tracts of Romanian territory and several other regions of Europe.[1][2]
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التاريخ
The area around the city of Focșani was already recognized as a weak point in Romania back in 1882. In that year, the government of Romania carried out a study to identify all the areas of the country where the terrain was not enough for defense and for engineering work to be taken on these areas to reinforce them. A few years before, Russia, a state then allied to Romania with which it had fought together in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1888, had stripped away the region of Southern Bessarabia from Romania, causing tensions between the two countries. Concerns over Romania's defensive capabilities arose, and the studies were performed. To defend the Focșani Gate, the Focșani–Nămoloasa–Galați line was built.[1]
The Focșani Gate saw consideration in Hypothesis Z, Romania's war plan for World War I. As Romania faced defeat from the Central Powers, the Romanian Army retreated to the Focșani Gate. Furthermore, important battles for Romania were fought in this area, including the defensive Battle of Mărășești and the offensive Battle of Mărăști, with the important defensive Third Battle of Oituz also having been fought near the Focșani Gate.[1]
The Focșani Gate also played an important role in the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive during World War II. It was heavily fortified by Nazi Germany-allied Romania during the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union (USSR). Despite this, on 27 August 1944, the Red Army broke through the Focșani Gate and occupied the cities of Izmail, Galați and Focșani, allowing it to spread into the directions of Bucharest, the Black Sea and the Eastern Carpathians. As a result of this offensive, Romania withdrew from the Axis, was occupied by the Soviet Union and had a communist regime installed.[2]
الأزمنة الحالية
Today, the Focșani Gate is one of the weakest strategic points in NATO, of which Romania is now a member. It stands as a disconnected zone due to poor infrastructure, vulnerable to a potential attack from Russia.[3][4][5] In early 2022, serious worries over whether Russia would invade Ukraine or not existed.[6] Such a scenario became true on 24 February 2022.[7] It has been theorized that a Russian incursion into Ukraine's region of Budjak would put Romania's Focșani Gate and the Danube Delta at risk, which could force Romania to occupy the region.[6] A possible Romanian invasion of Budjak for security purposes has been discussed by other analysts as well.[8]
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت Mîndrescu, Mircea; Melcher, Gregory; Petersen, Phillip (2019). "The Focșani Gate – a key terrain for European security" (PDF). New Strategy Center, Centre for the Study of the New Generation Warfare. pp. 1–20.
- ^ أ ب McMichael, Scott R. (1985). "The battle of Jassy–Kishinev". Military Review. United States Army Combined Arms Center. 65 (7): 52–65.
- ^ Popescu, Andrei Luca (21 October 2021). "Scenariu de război în "Poarta Focșani". Cât de rapid oprește NATO o luptă cu Rusia?". Radio Europa Liberă România (in الرومانية).
- ^ ""Focșani Gate", the weak point of NATO's defense on the east flank. How long would we hold out in the event of a Russian attack?". TricksFast. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ "How easy would it be for Russia to invade Romania?". Universul.net. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ أ ب Bellotto, Alberto; Mussetti, Mirko (12 February 2022). "Tre scenari di invasione per la Russia, nessuna certezza per l'Ucraina". InsideOver Italia (in الإيطالية).
- ^ Blockmans, Steven (24 February 2022). "Russia invades Ukraine". Centre for European Policy Studies.
- ^ Negrea, Cristian (27 February 2022). "Cristian Negrea: Dacă Putin ocupă Odessa și dezvoltă ofensiva spre vest, România va trebui să ocupe militar Bugeacul și să pună trupe românești (NATO) pe malul Nistrului". ActiveNews (in الرومانية).