نوع في خطر انقراض

الأنواع في خطر الانقراض، هي مجموعة من الكائنات الحية عرضة لخطر الانقراض إما لقلة أعدادها، أو لأنها مهددة بسبب التغيرات البيئية أو معاملات الإفتراس. ويمكن أن يكون خطر الانقراص بسبب نقص المواد الغذائية والمياه بسببة إزالة الغابات. وقد قام الاتحاد الدولي للحفاظ على الطبيعة (IUCN بحساب نسبة الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض وهي 40% من جميع الكائنات الموجودة في عينة الأنواع التي تم تقييمها في عام 2006. (ملحوظة: the IUCN groups all threatened species for their summary purposes.) ويوجد في كثير من الدولقوانين توفر الحماية للأنواع المعتمدة على الحفظ: على سبيل المثال، منع صيد|الصيد، وضع القيود على تطوير الأراضي وانشاء المحميات. وهناك أنواع قليلة فقط مدرجة في قائمة الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض ويجرى العمل على ضمها للقائمة أو اصدار قانون لحمياتها. ويوجد أنواع أكثر قد انقرضت، أو في طريقها للانقراض ولم يعلن عنها.

نمر سيبريا أحد أنواع النمور المهددة بالانقراض; من ثلاث أنواع فرعية منقرضة بالفعل.

وضع الحفاظ by IUCN Red List category
الانقراض
منقرض منقرض في الخلاء	(list) (list)
مهدد
خطر انقراض ماحق مهدد بالانقراض Threatened عرضة للانقراض Vulnerable	(list) (list) (list)
Lower Risk
Near Threatened (NT) Conservation Dependent (CD) Least Concern (LC)	(list) (list)
تصنيفات أخرى
Data Deficient (DD) Not Evaluated (NE)	(list)
مواضيع ذات صلة International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) IUCN Red List NatureServe status Lists of organisms by population
Comparison of Red list classes above and NatureServe status below

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 حالة الحفاظ على الأنواع

المقالة الرئيسية: حالة الحفاظ

 القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي للحفاظ على الطبيعة للأنواع المهددة بالانقراض

Endangered species under the IUCN Red List refers to a specific category of threatened species, and may include critically endangered species.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species uses the term endangered species as a specific category of imperilment, rather than as a general term. Under the IUCN Categories and Criteria, endangered species is between critically endangered and vulnerable. Also critically endangered species may also be counted as endangered species and fill all the criteria

The more general term used by the IUCN for species at risk of extinction is threatened species, which also includes the less-at-risk category of vulnerable species together with endangered and critically endangered. IUCN categories include:

• Extinct: the last remaining member of the species has died, or is presumed beyond reasonable doubt to have died. Examples: Thylacine, Dodo, Passenger Pigeon, Tyrannosaurus, Caribbean Monk Seal, Dimetrodon
• Extinct in the wild: captive individuals survive, but there is no free-living, natural population. Examples: Alagoas Curassow
• Critically endangered: faces an extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future. Examples: Arakan Forest Turtle, Javan Rhino, Brazilian Merganser, Gharial
• Endangered: faces a very high risk of extinction in the near future. Examples: Blue Whale, Bonobo, Giant Panda, Snow Leopard, African Wild Dog, Tiger, three species of Albatrosses, Crowned Solitary Eagle, Markhor, Dhole, Rangas,
• Vulnerable: faces a high risk of extinction in the medium-term. Examples: Cheetah, Gaur, Lion, Sloth Bear, Wolverine, Manatee, Polar Bear, African Golden Cat
• Conservation Dependent: The following animal is not severely threatened, but the animal must depend on conservation programs. Examples: Spotted Hyena, Leopard Shark, Black Caiman
• Near Threatened: may be considered threatened in the near future. Examples: Blue-billed Duck, Solitary Eagle, Small-clawed Otter , Maned Wolf, Tiger Shark.
• Least Concern: no immediate threat to the survival of the species. Examples: Nootka Cypress, Wood Pigeon, Harp Seal

 الولايات المتحدة

"Endangered" in relation to "threatened" under the ESA.

 Captive breeding programs

المقالة الرئيسية: Captive breeding

 معرض الصور

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  The endangered Island Fox

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  The endangered Sea Otter

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  American Bison skull heap. There were as few as 750 bison in 1890 from economic-driven overhunting.

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  Immature California Condor

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  Loggerhead Sea Turtle

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  Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (photo courtesy of Don Roberson)

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  An asian arowana

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  Iberian Lynx, Europe's most endangered mammal

 انظر ايضا

• تنوع بيولوجي
• CITES
• Conservation status
• Convention on Biological Diversity
• EDGE Species
• Endangered Species Act
• Ex-situ conservation
• انقراض
  • Holocene extinction event
• Habitat fragmentation
• In-situ conservation
• IUCN Red List
• List of Conservation topics

• List of endangered animal species
• List of endangered species in North America
• Rare species
• Red Data Book of the Russian Federation
• Red and Blue-listed
• Species at Risk Act
• Species-area curve
• Threatened species
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species
• Wildlife disease
• World Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity as an Aid to their Survival (WCBESCAS)
• World Conservation Union (IUCN)
• World Wide Fund for Nature

 الهوامش

• Glenn, C. R. 2006. "Earth's Endangered Creatures", Accessed 9/30/2008
• Ishwaran, N., & Erdelen, W. (2005, May). Biodiversity Futures, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(4), 179. Retrieved September 23, 2008
• Kotiaho, J. S., Kaitala, V., Komonen, A., Päivinen, J. P., & Ehrlich, P. R. (2005, February 8). Predicting the Risk of Extinction from Shared Ecological Characteristics, proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(6), 1963-1967. Retrieved September 24, 2008
• Minteer, B. A., & Collins, J. P. (2005, August). Why we need an “Ecological Ethics”.

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(6), 332-337. Retrieved September 22, 2008

• Raloff, J. (2006, August 5). Preserving Paradise, Science News, 170(6), 92. Retrieved September 22, 2008,
• Wilcove, D. S., & Master L. L. (2008, October). How Many Endangered Species are there in the United States? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(8), 414-420. Retrieved September 22, 2008.

 انظر أيضا

• مجموعة الأنواع في خطر الانقراض (ESC)
• Enviro-babies (cartoon characters)
• Game Warden
• North American Game Warden Museum
• Ronald Bailey

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 وصلات خارجية

• Endangered Species from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Endangered Species & Wetlands Report Independent print and online newsletter covering the ESA, wetlands and regulatory takings.
• Everything you wanted to know about endangered species — Provided by New Scientist.
• Endangered species charted by number of species and risk of extinction.
• The Whale Game The Whale Game from Environmental Education Games
• IUCN The Official IUCN Website (The Organization That Classifies Animals' Population Status)