الإمبراطور آنـِّيْ

Emperor Annei
安寧天皇
Emperor Annei; 安寧天皇
Emperor of Japan
العهد	549 BC – 511 BC (traditional)
سبقه	Suizei
تبعه	Itoku
وُلِد	567 BC
توفي	511 BC (aged 56)
الدفن	Unebi-yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no misasagi (畝傍山西南御陰井上陵) (Kashihara)
الزوج	Nunasokonakatsu-hime
الأنجال	Okisomimi-no-Mikoto (ja); Emperor Itoku; Shikitsuhiko-no-Mikoto (ja);
الأب	Emperor Suizei
الأم	Isuzuyori-hime
الديانة	Shinto

Emperor Annei (安寧天皇, Annei-tennō), also known as Shikitsuhikotamatemi no Mikoto (師木津日子玉手見命) was the third legendary emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.^[3]^[4] Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Annei is known as a "legendary emperor" among historians as his actual existence is disputed. Nothing exists in the Kojiki other than his name and genealogy. Annei's reign allegedly began in 549 BC, he had one wife and three sons. After his death in 511 BC, his second or third son supposedly became the next emperor.

السردية الأسطورية

Emperor Annei's name appears in both the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki where only his genealogy is recorded. While the Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, no extant contemporary records have been discovered that confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned. Before his accession to the throne, he was allegedly known as Prince Shikitsu-hiko Tamatemi.^[5] Shikitsu-hiko Tamatemi was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei with Isuzuyori-hime.^[4]^[6] The Kojiki records that he ruled from the palace of Ukena-no-miya (片塩浮穴宮, and in the Nihon Shoki as 片塩浮孔宮) at Katashiro in Kawachi in what would come to be known as Yamato Province.^[6] During Emperor Annei's alleged lifetime, he had one wife named "Nunasokonakatsu-hime" and fathered three children with her. Annei's reign lasted from 549 BC until his death in 511 BC, his second or third son then took the throne and would later be referred to as Emperor Itoku.^[6]^[7]

المعلومات المعروفة

The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study.^[8] Annei is thus regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor", and is considered to have been the second of eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them.^[أ] The name Annei-tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations, and literally means "steady tranquillity".^[10] His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Annei, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the imperial dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki.^[9] The name "Annei" is first credited to Japanese scholar and writer Ōmi no Mifune, who allegedly came up with the name sometime in the latter half of the 8th century.^[11]

While the actual site of Annei's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (陵,misasagi) in Kashihara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Annei's mausoleum, and is formally named Unebi-yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no misasagi(畝傍山西南御陰井上陵, The royal tomb over the mihodo at the south west of mount unebi) .^[4] The first emperor that historians believe might have actually existed is Emperor Sujin, the 10th emperor of Japan.^[12] Outside of the Kojiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei^[ب] (509ح. 509 – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates.^[15] The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu^[ت] between 737 and 806 AD.^[9]

القرينات والأنجال

الإمبراطورة: Nunasokonakatsu-hime (渟名底仲媛命), Prince Kamo's daughter (Kotoshironushi's son)
- Prince Okisomimi (息石耳命)
- Prince Ōyamatohikosukitomo (大日本彦耜友尊), later Emperor Itoku
- Prince Shikitsuhiko (ja) (磯城津彦命)

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

^ Also known as the "eight undocumented monarchs" (欠史八代, Kesshi-hachidai).^[9]
^ The 29th Emperor^[13]^[14]
^ Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty

المراجع

^ "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" (PDF). Kunaicho.go.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
^ Kenneth Henshall (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 487. ISBN 9780810878723.
^ "安寧天皇 (3)". Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō) (in اليابانية). Retrieved May 8, 2019.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 29 & 418.
^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780674017535.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 251. ISBN 9780520034600.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (in الفرنسية). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 4.
^ Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture". www.t-net.ne.jp. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. pp. 109, 141–142. ISBN 9780524053478.
^ Brinkley, Frank (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p. 21. Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles.
^ Britannica Kokusai Dai-Hyakkajiten article "Ōmi no Mifune". Britannica.
^ Yoshida, Reiji. (March 27, 2007). "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl". Japan Times. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (in الفرنسية). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. pp. 34–36.
^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. pp. 261–262. ISBN 9780520034600.
^ Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds. Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN 9780132712897. According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.

للاستزادة

Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Chamberlain, Basil Hall. (1920). The Kojiki. Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May, 1919. OCLC 1882339
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842

ألقاب ملكية
سبقه الإمبراطور سوي‌زِيْ	إمبراطور أسطوري لليابان 549 BC – 511 BC (تواريخ تقليدية)	تبعه Emperor Itoku

		أباطرة اليابان
الأباطرة الأسطوريون
1 جيمو 神武	2 سوي‌زِيْ 綏靖	3 آنـِّيْ 安寧	4 懿徳	5 孝昭	6 孝安	7 孝霊	8 孝元	9 開化	10 崇神
11 垂仁	12 景行	13 成務	14 仲哀
حقبة يـَمـاتـو 大和時代 (كـُفون)، الفترة (250–538)
15 اوجين 応神	16 نين تـُكو 仁徳	17 履中	18 反正	19 允恭	20 安康	21 雄略	22 清寧	23 顕宗	24 仁賢
25 武烈	26 継体	27 安閑	28 宣化
حقبة أسـوكـا 飛鳥時代، الفترة (538–710)
29 كيم مـِيْ 欽明	30 بيداتسو 敏達	31 يومـِيْ 用明	32 سوشون 崇峻	33 سويكو 推古	34 جومـِيْ 舒明	35 كوگيوكو 皇極	36 كوتـُكو 孝徳	37 كوگيوكو 斉明	38 تنجي 天智
39 كـُبون 弘文	40 تمـّو 天武	41 جيتو 持統	42 مـُمـّو 文武	43 گـِم مـِيْ 元明
حقبة نـارا 奈良時代، الفترة (710 - 794)
44 گـِنشو 元正	45 شومو 聖武	46 كوكـِن 孝謙	47 جون نين 淳仁	48 شوتـُكو 称徳	49 كونين 光仁
حقبة هـِيْ آن 平安時代، الفترة (794 - 1185)
50 كـَمـّو 桓武	51 平城	52 嵯峨	53 淳和	54 仁明	55 文徳	56 清和	57 陽成	58 光孝	59 اودا 宇多
60 دايگو 醍醐	61 سوزاكو 朱雀	62 موراكامي 村上	63 ريْ‌زيْ 冷泉	64 إن‌يو 円融	65 كازان 花山	66 一条	67 三条	68 後一条	69 後朱雀
70 後冷泉	71 後三条	72 白河	73 堀河	74 鳥羽	75 崇徳	76 كونوئ 近衛天皇	77 گو-شيراكاوا 後白河天皇	78 二条	79 六条
80 高倉	81 أن تـُكو 安徳	82 گو توبا 後鳥羽
حقبة كـَماكورا 鎌倉時代، الفترة (1185 - 1333)
83 تسوتشي ميكادو 土御門	84 جون تـُكو 順徳	85 仲恭	86 後堀河	87 四条	88 後嵯峨	89 後深草	90 亀山	91 後宇多	92 伏見
93 後伏見	94 後二条	95 花園	96 گو دايگو 後醍醐
حقبة مورُماتشي 室町時代، الفترة (1336 - 1573)
97 گو موراكامي 後村上	98 تشو كـِيْ 長慶	99 گو كامـِياما 後亀山	100 گو كوماتسو 後小松
البلاط الشمالي 北朝 "هـُكوچو"		1 كوگـُن 光厳	2 كومـْيو 光明	3 崇光	4 後光厳	5 後円融	6 後小松
101 称光	102 後花園	103 後土御門	104 後柏原	105 後奈良	106 正親町	107 後陽成
حقبة إدو 江戸時代، الفترة (1603 – 1868)
108 گو ميزونو 後水尾	109 مـِيـْشو 明正	110 گو كوميو 後光明	111 گو ساي 後西	112 ريـْگـِن 霊元	113 هيگاشي ياما 東山	114 ناكا ميكادو 中御門	115 ساكورا ماتشي 桜町	116 موموزونو 桃園	117 گو ساكورا ماتشي 後桜町
118 گو موموزونو 後桃園	119 كوكاكو 光格	120 نين كو 仁孝	121 كومـِيْ 孝明
اليابان المعاصرة (عهد مـِيـْجي 明治時代 ف. 1868–1912)
122 ميـْجي 明治	123 تايشو 大正	124 هيروهيتو 昭和	125 أكيهيتو 今上	126 ناروهيتو 徳仁	※ ولي العهد ※ الإمبراطورات النساء (باللون الأحمر) ※

[10] Also known as the "eight undocumented monarchs" (欠史八代, Kesshi-hachidai).^[9]

[16] The 29th Emperor^[13]^[14]

[18] Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty

[1] "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" (PDF). Kunaicho.go.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2019.

[Henshall-2] Kenneth Henshall (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 487. ISBN 9780810878723.

[kunaicho-3] "安寧天皇 (3)". Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō) (in اليابانية). Retrieved May 8, 2019.

[Fane-4] أ ^ب ^ت Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 29 & 418.

[5] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780674017535.

[Brown_251-6] أ ^ب ^ت Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 251. ISBN 9780520034600.

[7] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (in الفرنسية). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 4.

[8] Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture". www.t-net.ne.jp. Retrieved May 8, 2019.

[aston-9] أ ^ب ^ت Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. pp. 109, 141–142. ISBN 9780524053478.

[11] Brinkley, Frank (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p. 21. Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles.

[12] Britannica Kokusai Dai-Hyakkajiten article "Ōmi no Mifune". Britannica.

[13] Yoshida, Reiji. (March 27, 2007). "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl". Japan Times. Retrieved May 7, 2019.

[Titsingh_pp._34-36-14] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (in الفرنسية). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. pp. 34–36.

[15] Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. pp. 261–262. ISBN 9780520034600.

[17] Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds. Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN 9780132712897. According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.

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