المعرفة

فريتيوف شوان

(تم التحويل من فريجوف شوان)
"Schuon" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة the German footballer، انظر Marcel Schuon.

فريتيوف شوان ( Frithjof Schuon ؛ frit-YOF SHOO-on, /ˈʃuːɒn/, ألمانية: [ˈfʁɪtjɔf ˈʃuːɔn]; 18 June 1907 – 5 May 1998) فيلسوف وميتافيزيقي سويسري من أصل ألماني، belonging to the Perennialist or Traditionalist School of thought. He was the author of more than twenty works in French on metaphysics, spirituality, religion, anthropology and art, which have been translated into English and many other languages. He was also a painter and a poet. With René Guénon and Ananda Coomaraswamy, Schuon is recognized as one of the major 20th-century representatives of the philosophia perennis. Like them, he affirmed the reality of an absolute Principle – God – from which the universe emanates, and maintained that all divine revelations, despite their differences, possess a common essence: one and the same Truth. He also shared with them the certitude that man is potentially capable of supra-rational knowledge, and undertook a sustained critique of the modern mentality severed, according to him, from its traditional roots. Following Plato, Plotinus, Adi Shankara, Meister Eckhart, Ibn Arabī and other metaphysicians, Schuon sought to affirm the metaphysical unity between the Principle and its manifestation.

Frithjof Schuon
Frithjof-Schuon-circa-1980.jpg
Frithjof Schuon, c. 1980
وُلِدَ(1907-06-18)18 يونيو 1907
Basel, Switzerland
توفي5 مايو 1998(1998-05-05) (aged 90)
Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.
الجنسية
  • German (1907–1920)
  • French (1920–1950)
  • Swiss (1950–1998)
العمل البارز
  • The Transcendent Unity of Religions
  • The Eye of the Heart
  • Logic and Transcendence
  • Esoterism as Principle and as Way
  • Form and Substance in the Religions
المنطقة{{{منطقة}}}
المدرسةPerennial philosophy
Traditionalist School
الاهتمامات الرئيسية
Metaphysics, esoterism, philosophy, spirituality, religion, art
التوقيع
Frithjof Schuon's signature.

Initiated by Sheikh Ahmad al-Alawī into the Sufi Shādhilī order, he founded the Tarīqa Maryamiyya. His writings strongly emphasize the universality of metaphysical doctrine, along with the necessity of practising a religion; he also insists on the importance of the virtues and of beauty.

Schuon cultivated close relationships with a large number of personages of diverse religious and spiritual horizons. He had a particular interest in the traditions of the North American Plains Indians, maintaining firm friendships with a number of their leaders and being adopted into both a Lakota Sioux tribe and the Crow tribe. Having spent a large part of his life in France and Switzerland, at the age of 73 he emigrated to the United States.

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الأعمال

Philosophy (translated from French)

  • The Transcendent Unity of Religions, Faber & Faber, 1953; revised edition, Harper & Row, 1975; introduction by Huston Smith, Quest Books, 1984, 1993
  • Spiritual Perspectives and Human Facts, Faber & Faber, 1954; Perennial Books, 1969; new translation, Perennial Books, 1987; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2007
  • Gnosis: Divine Wisdom, Perennial Books, 1959, 1978; revised, Perennial Books 1990; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2006
  • Language of the Self: Essays on the Perennial Philosophy, introduction by Venkataraman Raghavan, Ganesh Madras, 1959; Select Books Bangalore, 1998; revised and augmented, World Wisdom, 1999
  • Stations of Wisdom, John Murray, 1961; Perennial Books, 1980; new translation, World Wisdom, 1995, 2003
  • Understanding Islam, Allen & Unwin, Penguin, Unwin Hyman, Routledge, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1972, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1986, 1989, 1993; World Wisdom, 1994, 1998, 2003; new translation with selected letters, foreword by Annemarie Schimmel, World Wisdom, 2011
  • Light on the Ancient Worlds, Perennial Books, 1965; World Wisdom, 1984; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2006
  • Logic and Transcendence, Harper & Row, 1975; Perennial Books, 1984; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2009
  • Esoterism as Principle and as Way, Perennial Books, 1981, 1990; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2019
  • Sufism, Veil and Quintessence, World Wisdom, 1981; new translation with selected letters, foreword by Seyyed Hossein Nasr, World Wisdom, 2006
  • From the Divine to the Human, World Wisdom, 1982; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2013
  • Castes and Races (this book's 3 chapters are also included in Language of the Self), Perennial Books, 1982; World Wisdom, 1999
  • Christianity/Islam: Perspectives on Esoteric Ecumenism, World Wisdom, 1985; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2008
  • Survey of Metaphysics and Esoterism, World Wisdom, 1986, 2000
  • In the Face of the Absolute, World Wisdom, 1989, 1994; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2014
  • The Feathered Sun: Plains Indians in Art & Philosophy, introduction by Thomas Yellowtail, World Wisdom, 1990
  • To Have a Center, World Wisdom, 1990; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2015
  • Roots of the Human Condition, introduction by Patrick Laude, World Wisdom, 1991, 2002
  • The Play of Masks, World Wisdom, 1992
  • The Transfiguration of Man, World Wisdom, 1995
  • The Eye of the Heart, foreword by Huston Smith, World Wisdom, 1997; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2021
  • Form and Substance in the Religions, World Wisdom, 2002
  • Primordial Meditation: Contemplating the Real, The Matheson Trust, 2015 (translated from the German)

Poetry

written in English

  • The Garland, Abodes, 1994
  • Road to the Heart, World Wisdom, 1995

translated from German

  • Adastra & Stella Maris, foreword by William Stoddart, bilingual, World Wisdom, 2003
  • Songs Without Names, Vol. I-VI, introduction by William Stoddart, foreword by Annemarie Schimmel, World Wisdom, 2006
  • Songs Without Names, Vol. VII-XII, introduction by William Stoddart, foreword by Annemarie Schimmel, World Wisdom, 2006
  • World Wheel, Vol. I-III, introduction by William Stoddart, foreword by Annemarie Schimmel, World Wisdom, 2006
  • World Wheel, Vol. IV-VII, introduction by William Stoddart, foreword by Annemarie Schimmel, World Wisdom, 2006
  • Autumn Leaves & The Ring, introduction by Patrick Laude, bilingual, World Wisdom, 2010

written in German (no translation)

  • Sulamith, Urs Graf, 1947
  • Tage- und Nächtebuch, Urs Graf, 1947
  • Liebe / Leben / Glück / Sinn, 4 vol., Herder, 1997

Paintings

  • The Feathered Sun: Plains Indians in Art & Philosophy, introduction by Thomas Yellowtail, World Wisdom, 1990
  • Images of Primordial & Mystic Beauty: Paintings by Frithjof Schuon, Abodes/World Wisdom, 1992

Anthologies of Schuon's writings

  • Treasures of Buddhism (formerly In the Tracks of Buddhism, Allen & Unwin, 1968; Unwin Hyman, 1989); World Wisdom, 1993; new translation with selected letters, World Wisdom, 2018
  • The Essential Frithjof Schuon, edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr (formerly The Essential Writings of Frithjof Schuon, Amity House, 1986; Element Books, 1991), World Wisdom, 2005
  • Echoes of Perennial Wisdom, World Wisdom, 1992; new translation with selected letters, edited by Patrick Casey, World Wisdom, 2012
  • Songs for a Spiritual Traveler, selected poems, bilingual, World Wisdom, 2002
  • The Fullness of God: Frithjof Schuon on Christianity, edited by James Cutsinger, foreword by Antoine Faivre, World Wisdom, 2004
  • Prayer Fashions Man: Frithjof Schuon on the Spiritual Life, edited by James Cutsinger, World Wisdom, 2004
  • Art from the Sacred to the Profane: East and West, edited by Catherine Schuon, foreword by Keith Critchlow, World Wisdom, 2007
  • Splendor of the True: a Frithjof Schuon Reader, edited by James Cutsinger, foreword by Huston Smith, State University of New York Press, 2013 [1]
  • Towards the Essential: Letters of a Spiritual Master, edited by Thierry Béguelin, The Matheson Trust, 2021
  • Letters of Frithjof Schuon: Reflections on the Perennial Philosophy, edited by Michael Oren Fitzgerald, introduction by Catherine Schuon, World Wisdom, 2022

Schuon was a frequent contributor to the quarterly journal Studies in Comparative Religion (along with Guénon, Coomaraswamy, Burckhardt, Nasr, Lings, and many others) which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.

Further reading

Books

  • Amugen, Martyn (2016). The Transcendent Unity of Religions and the Decline of the Sacred, Bangkok: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing [2]
  • Aymard, Jean-Baptiste & Laude, Patrick (2004). Frithjof Schuon: Life and Teachings, Albany/NY: State University of New York Press [3] [4]
  • Cutsinger, James S. (1997). Advice to the Serious Seeker: Meditations on the Teaching of Frithjof Schuon, Albany/NY: State University of New York Press
  • Fitzgerald, Michael O. (2010). Frithjof Schuon Messenger of the Perennial Philosophy, Bloomington/IN: World Wisdom
  • Laude, Patrick (2010). Pathways to an Inner Islam: Massignon, Corbin, Guénon, and Schuon, Albany/NY: State University of New York Press
  • Laude, Patrick (2020). Keys to the Beyond: Frithjof Schuon's Cross-Traditional Language of Transcendence, Albany/NY: State University of New York Press, presentation: [5]
  • Oldmeadow, Harry (2010). Frithjof Schuon and the Perennial Philosophy, Bloomington/IN: World Wisdom [6]
  • Religion of the Heart: Essays presented to Frithjof Schuon on his eightieth birthday, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr & William Stoddart, Washington D.C.: Foundation for Traditional Studies (1991). Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Biography of Frithjof Schuon ♦ Bernard P. Kelly, Notes on the Light of the Eastern Religions, with Special Reference to the Writings of Ananda Coomaraswamy, René Guénon, and Frithjof Schuon ♦ et al.

Chapters in books

  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2005). "Introduction" in The Essential Frithjof Schuon, Bloomington/IN: World Wisdom, 2005 [7]
  • Oldmeadow, Harry (2004). "The Heart of the Religio Perennis: Frithjof Schuon on Esotericism" in Esotericism and the Control of Knowledge, The University of Sydney [8]
  • Oldmeadow, Harry (2012). "Frithjof Schuon on Culturism + Frithjof Schuon on Eastern Traditions", in Touchstones of the Spirit, Bloomington/IN: World Wisdom, [9]
  • Oldmeadow, Harry (2019). "Gnosis: A Perennialist Perspective", in The Gnostic World, London & New York: Routledge [10]
  • Scott, Timothy (2004). "The Elect and the Predestination of Knowledge: ‘Esoterism’ and ‘Exclusivism’: A Schuonian Perspective" in Esotericism and the Control of Knowledge, The University of Sydney [11]
  • Stoddart, William (2008). "Frithjof Schuon and the Perennialist School" in Remembering in a World of Forgetting: Thoughts on Tradition and Postmodernism, Bloomington/IN: World Wisdom [12]
  • Versluis, Arthur (2014). "From Europe to America" in American Gurus: From American Transcendentalism to New Age Religion, Oxford/UK: Oxford University Press [13]


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Articles in journals

Sacred Web (Vancouver, Canada) [14]

  • Vol. 1 (1998). Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Frithjof Schuon (1907-1998)
  • Vol. 4 (1999). Patrick Laude, Remarks on Esoterism in the works of Frithjof Schuon [15]
  • Vol. 5 (2000). Harry Oldmeadow, Formal Diversity, Essential Unity: Frithjof Schuon on the Convergence of Religions [16]
  • Vol. 6 (2000). Harry Oldmeadow, “Signposts to the suprasensible”: Notes on Frithjof Schuon's understanding of “Nature” [17] ♦ William Stoddart, Lossky's Palamitism in the Light of Schuon [18]
  • Vol. 8 (2001). Catherine Schuon, Frithjof Schuon: Memories and Anecdotes
  • Vol. 10 (2002). Mateus Soares de Azevedo, Frithjof Schuon and Sri Ramana Maharshi: A survey of the spiritual masters of the 20th century [19]
  • Vol. 19 (2007). Patrick Laude, "Nigra sum sed Formosa (I am Black but Beautiful)": Death and the Spiritual Life in Frithjof Schuon
  • Vol. 20 (2007) dedicated to Frithjof Schuon (1907-1998) on the Occasion of his Birth Centenary [20]. Ali Lakhani, "Standing Unshakably in the True": A Commentary on the Teachings of Frithjof Schuon [21] ♦ Michael O. Fitzgerald, Beauty and the Sense of the Sacred: Schuon's Antidote to the Modern World ♦ Patrick Laude, Quintessential Esoterism and the Wisdom of Forms: Reflections on Frithjof Schuon's Intellectual and Spiritual Legacy ♦ Timothy Scott, “Made in the Image”: Schuon's theomorphic anthropology [22] ♦ et al.
  • Vol. 30 (2012) & 31 (2013). Bradshaw, Magnus. Conforming to the Real: Frithjof Schuon on Morality [23]

Sophia (Oakton/VA, U.S.A.)

  • Vol. 4, N° 1 (1998). Jean Biès, Frithjof Schuon: A Face of Eternal Wisdom [24]
  • Vol. 4, N° 2 (1998) In Memory: Frithjof Schuon. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, In Memoriam: Frithjof Schuon - A Prelude ♦ Martin Lings, Frithjof Schuon: An Autobiographical Approach ♦ Huston Smith, Providence Perceived: In Memory of Frithjof Schuon ♦ Tage Lindbom, Frithjof Schuon and Our Times [25] ♦ Harry Oldmeadow, A Sage for the Times: The Role and the Oeuvre of Frithjof Schuon [26] ♦ Reza Shah-Kazemi, Frithjof Schuon and Prayer [27] ♦ Michael O. Fitzgerald, Frithjof Schuon's Role in Preserving the Red Indian Spirit [28] ♦ William Stoddart, The German Poems of Frithjof Schuon [29] ♦ Brian Keeble, Some Thoughts on Reading Frithjof Schuon's Writings on Art [30]
  • Vol. 5, N° 2 (1999). Martin Lings, Frithjof Schuon and René Guénon
  • Vol. 6, N° 1 (2000). Mark Perry, Frithjof Schuon Seen through his Handwritting
  • Vol. 6, N° 2 (2000). James S. Cutsinger, Colorless Light and Pure Air: The Virgin in the Thought of Frithjof Schuon [31]

DVDs and online videos

  • Casey, Jennifer (2012). DVD: Frithjof Schuon Messenger of the Perennial Philosophy, Bloomington/IN: World Wisdom
  • Coomaraswamy R., Cutsinger J., Laude P., Lings M., Nasr S.H., Oldmeadow H., Perry M., Smith H., Stoddart W. Video: Origins of the Perennial Philosophy School of Thought [32]
  • Laude, Patrick. Video: Who Was Frithjof Schuon? [33]
  • Lings, Martin. Guénon and Schuon. Videos: [34][35][36][37][38]
  • Schuon, Catherine. Video: Early influences on Frithjof Schuon's understanding of the transcendent unity of religions [39]

Notes

References

See also

External links

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