زرع الخلايا
زرع الخلايا Cell culture هي عملية يتم بها تنمية خلايا حقيقية النواة وبدائية النواة تحت ظروف مسيطرة. بصورة عامة، يدل مصطلح "زرع الخلايا" على زرع خلايا مأخوذة من كائنات متعددة الخلايا، خاصة خلايا الحيوان. التطور والطرق التأريخية لزرع الخلايا متعلقة بصورة كبيرة بزرع الأنسجة وزرع الأعضاء.
أصبح زرع الخلايا الحيوانية تقنية مختبرية روتينية في الخمسينات من القرن العشرين،[1] ولكن مبدأ المحافظة على خلايا حية مفصولة عن النسيج المصدر الأصلي هي عملية اكتشفت في القرن التاسع عشر.[2]
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التاريخ
في القرن 19، طوّر عالم الفسيولوجيا الإنگليزي سيدني رينگر محاليل ملحية تحتوي كلوريدات الصوديوم والپوتاسيوم والكالسيوم والمغنسيوم مناسبين للحفاظ على خفقان قلب حيوان معزول خارج الجسد.[3] وفي 1885، أزال ڤلهلم رو جزءاً من medullary plate لجنين دجاجة وخفظه في محلول ملحي دافئ لعدة أيام، مرسياً مبدأ زراعة الأنسجة tissue culture.[4] نشر روس گرانڤل هاريسون، الذي كان يعمل في كلية طب جونز هوپكنز ثم جامعة يل، نتائج تجاربه من 1907 حتى 1910، مؤسساً منهاجية زراعة الأنسجة tissue culture.[5]
مفاهيم في زراعة الخلايا الثديية
- عزل الخلايا
- صيانة خلايا في مزرعة
- كثافة التصحن
مكونات وسط زراعة الخلايا
| المكون | الوظيفة |
|---|---|
| Carbon source (glucose/glutamine) | Source of energy |
| Amino acid | Building blocks of protein |
| Vitamins | Promote cell survival and growth |
| Balanced salt solution | An isotonic mixture of ions to maintain optimum osmotic pressure within the cells and provide essential metal ions to act as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, cell adhesion etc. |
| Phenol red dye | pH indicator. The color of phenol red changes from orange/red at pH 7-7.4 to yellow at acidic (lower) pH and purple at basic (higher) pH. |
| Bicarbonate /HEPES buffer | It is used to maintain a balanced pH in the media |
ظروف النمو النمطية
| المتغير | |
|---|---|
| درجة الحرارة | 37 °س |
| CO2 | 5% |
| الرطوبة | 95% |
التلوث المتبادل لخطوط الخلايا
مسائل تقنية أخرى
خطوط الخلايا البشرية المؤسسة
Cultured HeLa cells have been stained with Hoechst turning their nuclei blue, and are one of the earliest human cell lines descended from Henrietta Lacks, who died of cervical cancer from which these cells originated.
Cell strains
اللقاحات
زراعة الخلايا غير الثديية
خطوط الخلايا الشائعة
- Human cell lines
- DU145 (prostate cancer)
- H295R (adrenocortical cancer)
- HeLa (cervical cancer)
- KBM-7 (chronic myelogenous leukemia)
- LNCaP (prostate cancer)
- MCF-7 (breast cancer)
- MDA-MB-468 (breast cancer)
- PC3 (prostate cancer)
- SaOS-2 (bone cancer)
- SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma, cloned from a myeloma)
- T47D (breast cancer)
- THP-1 (acute myeloid leukemia)
- U87 (glioblastoma)
- National Cancer Institute's 60 cancer cell line panel (NCI60)
- Primate cell lines
- Vero (African green monkey Chlorocebus kidney epithelial cell line)
- Mouse cell lines
- Rat tumor cell lines
- GH3 (pituitary tumor)
- PC12 (pheochromocytoma)
- Plant cell lines
- Tobacco BY-2 cells (kept as cell suspension culture, they are model system of plant cell)
- Other species cell lines
قائمة خطوط الخلايا
هذه القائمة غير مكتملة؛ بإمكانك المساعدة بتنميتها.
| Cell line | Meaning | Organism | Origin tissue | Morphology | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3T3-L1 | "3-day transfer, inoculum 3 x 10^5 cells" | Mouse | Embryo | Fibroblast | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| 4T1 | Mouse | Mammary gland | ATCC Cellosaurus | ||
| 9L | Rat | Brain | Glioblastoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| A172 | Human | Brain | Glioblastoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| A20 | Mouse | B lymphoma | B lymphocyte | Cellosaurus | |
| A253 | Human | Submandibular duct | Head and neck carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| A2780 | Human | Ovary | Ovarian carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| A2780ADR | Human | Ovary | Adriamycin-resistant derivative of A2780 | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| A2780cis | Human | Ovary | Cisplatin-resistant derivative of A2780 | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| A431 | Human | Skin epithelium | Squamous cell carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| A549 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| AB9 | Zebrafish | Fin | Fibroblast | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| AHL-1 | Armenian Hamster Lung-1 | Hamster | Lung | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| ALC | Mouse | Bone marrow | Stroma | PubMed[6] Cellosaurus | |
| B16 | Mouse | Melanoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| B35 | Rat | Neuroblastoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | ||
| BCP-1 | Human | PBMC | HIV+ primary effusion lymphoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| BEAS-2B | Bronchial epithelium + Adenovirus 12-SV40 virus hybrid (Ad12SV40) | Human | Lung | Epithelial | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| bEnd.3 | Brain Endothelial 3 | Mouse | Brain/cerebral cortex | Endothelium | Cellosaurus |
| BHK-21 | Baby Hamster Kidney-21 | Hamster | Kidney | Fibroblast | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| BOSC23 | Packaging cell line derived from HEK 293 | Human | Kidney (embryonic) | Epithelium | Cellosaurus |
| BT-20 | Breast Tumor-20 | Human | Breast epithelium | Breast carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus |
| BxPC3 | Biopsy xenograft of Pancreatic Carcinoma line 3 | Human | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | Epithelial | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| C2C12 | Mouse | Myoblast | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| C3H-10T1/2 | Mouse | Embryonic mesenchymal cell line | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| C6 | Rat | Brain astrocyte | Glioma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| C6/36 | Insect - Asian tiger mosquito | Larval tissue | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| Caco-2 | Human | Colon | Colorectal carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Cal-27 | Human | Tongue | Squamous cell carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| CGR8 | Mouse | Embryonic stem cells | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| CHO | Chinese Hamster Ovary | Hamster | Ovary | Epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| CML T1 | Chronic myeloid leukemia T lymphocyte 1 | Human | CML acute phase | T cell leukemia | DSMZ Cellosaurus |
| CMT12 | Canine Mammary Tumor 12 | Dog | Mammary gland | Epithelium | Cellosaurus |
| COR-L23 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| COR-L23/5010 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| COR-L23/CPR | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| COR-L23/R23- | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| COS-7 | Cercopithecus aethiops, origin-defective SV-40 | Old World monkey - Cercopithecus aethiops (Chlorocebus) | Kidney | Fibroblast | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| COV-434 | Human | Ovary | Ovarian granulosa cell carcinoma | PubMed[7] ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| CT26 | Mouse | Colon | Colorectal carcinoma | Cellosaurus | |
| D17 | Dog | Lung metastasis | Osteosarcoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| DAOY | Human | Brain | Medulloblastoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| DH82 | Dog | Histiocytosis | Monocyte/macrophage | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| DU145 | Human | Androgen insensitive prostate carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | ||
| DuCaP | Dura mater cancer of the Prostate | Human | Metastatic prostate carcinoma | Epithelial | PubMed[8] Cellosaurus |
| E14Tg2a | Mouse | Embryonic stem cells | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| EL4 | Mouse | T cell leukemia | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| EM-2 | Human | CML blast crisis | Ph+ CML line | DSMZ Cellosaurus | |
| EM-3 | Human | CML blast crisis | Ph+ CML line | DSMZ Cellosaurus | |
| EMT6/AR1 | Mouse | Mammary gland | Epithelial-like | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| EMT6/AR10.0 | Mouse | Mammary gland | Epithelial-like | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| FM3 | Human | Lymph node metastasis | Melanoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| GL261 | Glioma 261 | Mouse | Brain | Glioma | Cellosaurus |
| H1299 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| HaCaT | Human | Skin | Keratinocyte | CLS Cellosaurus | |
| HCA2 | Human | Colon | Adenocarcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| HEK 293 | Human Embryonic Kidney 293 | Human | Kidney (embryonic) | Epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| HEK 293T | HEK 293 derivative | Human | Kidney (embryonic) | Epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| HeLa | "Henrietta Lacks" | Human | Cervix epithelium | Cervical carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| Hepa1c1c7 | Clone 7 of clone 1 hepatoma line 1 | Mouse | Hepatoma | Epithelial | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| Hep G2 | Human | Liver | Hepatoblastoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| High Five | Insect (moth) - Trichoplusia ni | Ovary | Cellosaurus | ||
| HL-60 | Human Leukemia-60 | Human | Blood | Myeloblast | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| HT-1080 | Human | Fibrosarcoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| HT-29 | Human | Colon epithelium | Adenocarcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| J558L | Mouse | Myeloma | B lymphocyte cell | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Jurkat | Human | White blood cells | T cell leukemia | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| JY | Human | Lymphoblastoid | EBV-transformed B cell | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| K562 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | CML blast crisis | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| KBM-7 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | CML blast crisis | Cellosaurus | |
| KCL-22 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | CML | DSMZ Cellosaurus | |
| KG1 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | AML | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Ku812 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | Erythroleukemia | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| KYO-1 | Kyoto-1 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | CML | DSMZ Cellosaurus |
| L1210 | Mouse | Lymphocytic leukemia | Ascitic fluid | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| L243 | Mouse | Hybridoma | Secretes L243 mAb (against HLA-DR) | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| LNCaP | Lymph Node Cancer of the Prostate | Human | Prostatic adenocarcinoma | Epithelial | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| MA2.1 | Mouse | Hybridoma | Secretes MA2.1 mAb (against HLA-A2 and HLA-B17) | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| Ma-Mel 1, 2, 3....48 | Human | Skin | A range of melanoma cell lines | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| MC-38 | Mouse Colon-38 | Mouse | Colon | Adenocarcinoma | Cellosaurus |
| MCF-7 | Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 | Human | Breast | Invasive breast ductal carcinoma ER+, PR+ | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| MCF-10A | Michigan Cancer Foundation-10A | Human | Breast epithelium | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| MDA-MB-157 | M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-157 | Human | Pleural effusion metastasis | Breast carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| MDA-MB-231 | M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-231 | Human | Pleural effusion metastasis | Breast carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| MDA-MB-361 | M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-361 | Human | Melanoma (contaminated by M14) | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| MDA-MB-468 | M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-468 | Human | Pleural effusion metastasis | Breast carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus |
| MDCK II | Madin Darby Canine Kidney II | Dog | Kidney | Epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| MG63 | Human | Bone | Osteosarcoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| MOR/0.2R | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Mono-Mac-6 | Human | White blood cells | Myeloid metaplasic AML | DSMZ Cellosaurus | |
| MRC-5 | Medical Research Council cell strain 5 | Human | Lung (fetal) | Fibroblast | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| MTD-1A | Mouse | Epithelium | Cellosaurus | ||
| MyEnd | Myocardial Endothelial | Mouse | Endothelium | Cellosaurus | |
| NCI-H69 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| NCI-H69/CPR | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| NCI-H69/LX10 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| NCI-H69/LX20 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| NCI-H69/LX4 | Human | Lung | Lung carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Neuro-2a | Mouse | Nerve/neuroblastoma | Neuronal stem cells | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| NIH-3T3 | NIH, 3-day transfer, inoculum 3 x 105 cells | Mouse | Embryo | Fibroblast | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| NALM-1 | Human | Peripheral blood | Blast-crisis CML | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| Neuro2a | Mouse | Nerve/neuroblastoma | Neuronal stem cells | Cellosaurus | |
| NK-92 | Human | Leukemia/lymphoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | ||
| NTERA-2 | Human | Lung metastasis | Embryonal carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| NW-145 | Human | Skin | Melanoma | ESTDAB Cellosaurus | |
| OK | Opossum Kidney | Virginia opossum - Didelphis virginiana | Kidney | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| OPCN / OPCT cell lines | Human | Prostate | Range of prostate tumour lines | Cellosaurus | |
| P3X63Ag8 | Mouse | Myeloma | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| PC12 | Rat | Adrenal medulla | Pheochromocytoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| PC-3 | Prostate Cancer-3 | Human | Bone metastasis | Prostate carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| Peer | Human | T cell leukemia | DSMZ Cellosaurus | ||
| PNT1A | Human | Prostate | SV40-transformed tumour line | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| PNT2 | Human | Prostate | SV40-transformed tumour line | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Pt K2 | The second cell line derived from Potorous tridactylis | Long-nosed potoroo - Potorous tridactylus | Kidney | Epithelial | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| Raji | Human | B lymphoma | Lymphoblast-like | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| RBL-1 | Rat Basophilic Leukemia-1 | Rat | Leukemia | Basophil cell | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| RenCa | Renal Carcinoma | Mouse | Kidney | Renal carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus |
| RIN-5F | Mouse | Pancreas | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| RMA-S | Mouse | T cell tumour | Cellosaurus | ||
| S2 | Schneider 2 | Insect - Drosophila melanogaster | Late stage (20–24 hours old) embryos | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| SaOS-2 | Sarcoma OSteogenic-2 | Human | Bone | Osteosarcoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| Sf21 | Spodoptera frugiperda 21 | Insect (moth) - Spodoptera frugiperda | Ovary | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| Sf9 | Spodoptera frugiperda 9 | Insect (moth) - Spodoptera frugiperda | Ovary | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| SH-SY5Y | Human | Bone marrow metastasis | Neuroblastoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| SiHa | Human | Cervix epithelium | Cervical carcinoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| SK-BR-3 | Sloan-Kettering Breast cancer 3 | Human | Breast | Breast carcinoma | DSMZ Cellosaurus |
| SK-OV-3 | Sloan-Kettering Ovarian cancer 3 | Human | Ovary | Ovarian carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| SK-N-SH | Human | Brain | Epithelial | ATCC Cellosaurus | |
| T2 | Human | T cell leukemia/B cell line hybridoma | ATCC Cellosaurus | ||
| T-47D | Human | Breast | Breast ductal carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| T84 | Human | Lung metastasis | Colorectal carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| T98G | Human | Glioblastoma-astrocytoma | Epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| THP-1 | Human | Monocyte | Acute monocytic leukemia | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| U2OS | Human | Osteosarcoma | Epithelial | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| U373 | Human | Glioblastoma-astrocytoma | Epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| U87 | Human | Glioblastoma-astrocytoma | Epithelial-like | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| U937 | Human | Leukemic monocytic lymphoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| VCaP | Vertebral Cancer of the Prostate | Human | Vertebra metastasis | Prostate carcinoma | ECACC Cellosaurus |
| Vero | Vero (truth) | African green monkey - Chlorocebus sabaeus | Kidney epithelium | ECACC Cellosaurus | |
| VG-1 | Human | Primary effusion lymphoma | Cellosaurus | ||
| WM39 | Human | Skin | Melanoma | ESTDAB Cellosaurus | |
| WT-49 | Human | Lymphoblastoid | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| YAC-1 | Mouse | Lymphoma | ECACC Cellosaurus | ||
| YAR | Human | Lymphoblastoid | EBV-transformed B cell | Human Immunology[9] ECACC Cellosaurus |
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انظر أيضاً
المراجع والهامش
- ^ ""Cell Culture"". Retrieved 2006-04-19.
- ^ ""Some landmarks in the development of tissue and cell culture."". Retrieved 2006-04-19.
- ^ "Whonamedit - Ringer's solution". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
- ^ "Animals and alternatives in testing". Archived from the original on 2006-02-25. Retrieved 2006-04-19.
- ^ Schiff, JudithAnn. "An unsung hero of medical research". Retrieved 2006-04-19. Yale Alumni Magazine, February 2002.
- ^ Hunt, P; Robertson, D; Weiss, D; Rennick, D; Lee, F; Witte, ON (1987). "A single bone marrow-derived stromal cell type supports the in vitro growth of early lymphoid and myeloid cells". Cell. 48 (6): 997–1007. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90708-2. PMID 2435412.
- ^ Van Den Berg-Bakker, CA; Hagemeijer, A; Franken-Postma, EM; Smit, VT; Kuppen, PJ; Van Ravenswaay Claasen, HH; Cornelisse, CJ; Schrier, PI (1993). "Establishment and characterization of 7 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and one granulosa tumor cell line: Growth features and cytogenetics". International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 53 (4): 613–20. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910530415. PMID 8436435.
- ^ Lee, YG; Korenchuk, S; Lehr, J; Whitney, S; Vessela, R; Pienta, KJ (2001). "Establishment and characterization of a new human prostatic cancer cell line: DuCaP". In vivo (Athens, Greece). 15 (2): 157–62. PMID 11317521.
- ^ Ou, Dawei; Mitchell, Leslie Ann; Décarie, Diane; Tingle, Aubrey J; Nepom, Gerald T (1998). "Promiscuous T-Cell Recognition of a Rubella Capsid Protein Epitope Restricted by DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0901 Molecules Sharing an HLA DR Supertype". Human Immunology. 59 (3): 149–57. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00006-8. PMID 9548074.
- Public Health England, Public Health England Culture Collections (ECACC)
- MacLeod, R. A. F.; Dirks, Wilhelm G.; Matsuo, Yoshinobu; Kaufmann, Maren; Milch, Herbert; Drexler, Hans G. (1999). "Widespread intraspecies cross-contamination of human tumour cell lines". International Journal of Cancer. 83 (4): 555–563. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<555::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 10508494.
- Masters, John R. (2002). "HeLa cells 50 years on: the good, the bad and the ugly". Nature Reviews Cancer. 2 (4): 315–319. doi:10.1038/nrc775. PMID 12001993.
- Recently invented was the 3D Petri dish, the first 3D cell culture offering.
وصلات خارجية
- Table of common cell lines from Alberts 4th ed.
- Cancer Cells in Culture
- Evolution of Cell Culture Surfaces
- Hypertext version of the Cell Line Data Base
- Microcarrier Cell Culture Handbook by GE Healthcare Life Sciences
- Cell Culture Applications - Resources including application notes and protocols to create an ideal environment for growing cells, right from the start.
- Cell Culture Basics - Introduction to cell culture, covering topics such as laboratory set-up, safety and aseptic technique including basic cell culture protocols and video training
- Database of Who's Who in Cell Culture and Related Research
- Witkowski, Jan A. (2012). "Experimental pathology and the origins of tissue culture: Leo Loeb's contribution". Medical History. 27 (3): 269–88. doi:10.1017/S0025727300042964. PMC 1139336. PMID 6353093.
- Coriell Cell Repositories
- Strategies for Protein Purification Handbook
- An Introduction To Cell Culture. This webinar introduces the history, theory, basic techniques, and potential pit-falls of mammalian cell culture.
- The National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India; national repository for cell lines/hybridomas etc.
- Pacey, Laura; Stead, Shelley; Gleave, Jacqueline; Tomczyk, Kasia; Doering, Laurie (2006). "Neural Stem Cell Culture: Neurosphere generation, microscopical analysis and cryopreservation". Protocol Exchange. doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.215.
- Gilabert, Juan A.; Montalvo, Gema B.; Artalejo, Antonio R. (2006). "Rat Chromaffin cells primary cultures: Standardization and quality assessment for single-cell assays". Protocol Exchange. doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.294.
- Losardo, Ricardo J.; Cruz-Gutiérrez, Rolando; Prates, José C.; Moscovici, Mauricio; Rodríguez-Torres, Alberto; Arteaga-Martinez, Manuel (2015). "Sergey Fedoroff: A Pioneer of the Neuronal Regeneration. Tribute from the Pan American Association of Anatomy". International Journal of Morphology. doi:10.4067/S0717-95022015000200059.
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