المعرفة

قائمة الأساتذة الكبار للفرسان الإسبتارية

هذه قائمة بأسماء كبار فرسان الإسبتارية ، بما في ذلك استمرارها باعتبارها منظمة فرسان مالطة العسكرية المستقلة بعد عام 1798. وتتضمن أيضًا "مناهضي الماجستير الكبار" غير المعترف بهم والملازمين أو القائمين أثناء الوظائف الشاغرة.

Coat of arms of the Order of Saint John. The personal coat of arms of the Grand Master would be shown alongside the order's coat of arms in 14th to 15th centuries. Beginning in the mid-15th century, the Grand Master would quarter the order's coat of arms with his own.


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فرسان الإسبتارية (مملكة القدس)

Nr Title Picture Name Time in office Notes
—/1 Founder and Rector of the Hospital   Blessed Gerard 1099/1113–1118/20 Order established in 1099 and given papal recognition in 1113 by Paschal II
1/2 Custos[1]   Raymond du Puy 1118/21/23–1160
2/3 Custos   Auger de Balben 1160–1163
3/4   Arnaud de Comps 1162–1163 Historicity uncertain
4/5 Custos   Gilbert d'Aissailly 1163–1169
5/6 Gastone de Murols c. 1169
6/7 Custos   Jobert of Syria c. 1169/72–1177 Acted as regent for king Manuel I in 1172. In 1174 opposed Miles of Plancy in favour of Raymond III of Tripoli. Fought in the crusade of Philip I, Count of Flanders of 1176.
7/8 Custos   Roger de Moulins 1177–1187
8/9 Provisor[بحاجة لمصدر] Armengol de Aspa (Ermengard d'Aps) 1187–1190 Loss of Jerusalem in 1187, headquarters moved to Acre. In the crisis following the loss of Jerusalem, Ermengard was not elected as custos and acted only ad interim. He was nevertheless included into the canonical list of Grand Masters compiled in the early modern period. After the capture of Acre and the consolidation of the order, Ermengard retired with the regular election of Garnier de Nablus as new master.
9/10 Custos   Garnier de Nablus 1190–1192 Battle of Arsuf 1191
10/11 Custos   Geoffroy de Donjon 1193–1202
11/12 Custos   Afonso de Portugal 1202–1206 Fourth Crusade, resigned in 1206
12/13 Custos   Geoffrey le Rat (Gothofredus Mus) 1206–1207 First structured the order by nationality, or langues.
13/14 Custos   Guérin de Montaigu 1207–1228 Fifth Crusade, Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)
14/15 Custos   Bertrand de Thercy 1228–1231 Re-conquest of Jerusalem in 1228/9
15/16 Custos Guerin Lebrun 1231–1236 Captured in battle, and died in captivity in Egypt
16/17 Custos Bertrand de Comps 1236–1240 Headquarters moved to Jerusalem
17/18 Custos   Pierre de Vieille-Brioude 1240–1242
18/19 Custos   Guillaume de Chateauneuf 1242–1258 Fall of Jerusalem in 1244, headquarters at Acre, Krak des Chevaliers and Margat
19/20 Custos   Hugues de Revel 1258–1277
20/21   Nicolas Lorgne 1277–1285 Loss of Margat 1285
21/22   Jean de Villiers 1285–1294 Siege of Acre (1291)
22/23 Odon de Pins 1294–1296 Headquarters moved to Limisso, Cyprus
23/24   Guillaume de Villaret 1296–1305


فرسان رودس

Nr Title Picture Name Time in office Notes
24/25 Magister   Foulques de Villaret 1305–1319 Nephew of Guillaume de Villaret. Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes in 1308/9.
Anti-Grand Master Maurice de Pagnac
(unrecognized) 		1317–1319
25/26 Magister   Hélion de Villeneuve 1319–1346
26/27 Magister   Dieudonné de Gozon 1346–1353
27/28 Magister   Pierre de Corneillan 1353–1355
28/29 Magister   Roger de Pins 1355–1365
29/30 Magister   Raymond Berengar 1365–1374
20/31 Magister   Robert de Juilly (de Juliac) 1374–1376
31/32 Magister   Juan Fernández de Heredia 1376–1396
(32/33) Magister   Riccardo Caracciolo 1383–1395 Rival Grand Master, recognized only by the Langues of Italy and England.[2]
33/34 Magister   Philibert de Naillac 1396–1421
34/35 Magister   Anton Flavian de Ripa 1421–1437
35/36 Grandis Magister   Jean de Lastic 1437–1454 Siege of Rhodes (1444)
36/37 Grandis Magister   Jacques de Milly 1454–1461
37/38 Grandis Magister   Piero Raimondo Zacosta 1461–1467
38/39 Grandis Magister   Giovanni Battista Orsini 1467–1476
39/40 Grandis Magister   Pierre d'Aubusson 1476–1503 Siege of Rhodes (1480)
40/41 Magnus Magister   Emery d'Amboise 1503–1512
41/42 Magnus Magister   Guy de Blanchefort 1512–1513
42/43 Magnus Magister   Fabrizio del Carretto 1513–1521

فرسان مالطة

للمزيد من المعلومات: History of Malta under the Order of Saint John
Nr Title Picture Name Time in office Notes
43/44 Magister   Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam 1521–1534 Siege of Rhodes (1522), headquarters moved to Malta in 1530
44/45 Magister   Piero de Ponte 1534–1535
45/46 Magister   Didier de Saint-Jaille 1535–1536
46/47 Magister   Juan de Homedes 1536–1553 Malta was attacked by an Ottoman fleet in 1551. The attack was repelled, but the Ottomans captured the island of Gozo, and later also the order's stronghold in Tripoli. De Homedes began a program improve the fortifications at Malta
47/48 Magister   Claude de la Sengle 1553–1557 Continued the improvement of fortifications, expanding Fort Saint Michael into a major bastion and completing Fort Saint Elmo.
48/49 Magister   Jean Parisot de Valette 1557–1568 Valette became the Order's most illustrious leader, commanding the resistance against the Ottomans at the Great Siege of Malta in 1565.
49/50 Magister   Pierre de Monte 1568–1572 Continued the construction of the new capital Valletta. Strengthened the order's fleet, and participated in the Battle of Lepanto of 7 October 1571.
50/51 Magister   Jean de la Cassière 1572–1581 Crisis in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. Expulsion of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) in 1581.
Lieutenant Mathurin Romegas 1577–1581
Anti-Grand Master Mathurin Romegas 1581
51/52 Magister   Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle 1581–1595
52/53 Magister   Martín Garzés 1595–1601
53/54 Magister   Alof de Wignacourt 1601–1622 Constructed the Wignacourt towers and the Wignacourt Aqueduct. Repelled the last serious Ottoman attempt at capturing Malta in 1614.
54/55 Magister   Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos 1622–1623
55/56 Magister Magnus   Antoine de Paule 1623–1636
56/57 Magister Magnus   Giovanni Paolo Lascaris 1636–1657 Caribbean possessions
57/58 Magister Magnus   Martin de Redin 1657–1660
58/59 Magister Magnus   Annet de Clermont-Gessant 1660 Died less than four months after his election, on 2 June 1660.
59/60 Magister Magnus   Rafael Cotoner 1660–1663 Commissioned the Italian Baroque artist Mattia Preti to start painting Saint John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta.
60/61 Magister Magnus   Nicolás Cotoner 1663–1680 Siege of Candia + Mattia Preti's work at St John's Co-Cathedral completed.
61/62 Magister Magnus   Gregorio Carafa 1680–1690 Renovation of Auberge d'Italie in the Baroque style, improvement of Fort Saint Angelo and Fort Saint Elmo. Ottoman attacks were still expected, but there were no longer any notable engagements.
62/63 Magister Magnus   Adrien de Wignacourt 1690–1697 Instituted a widows pension for the widows of those fallen in the Ottoman wars.
63/64 Magister Magnus   Ramón Perellós 1697–1720 Organised the Consulato del Mare (Consulate of the Sea). Established relations with imperial Russia. Fought corruption within the Order. Engagement against Ottoman pirates.
64/65 Magister Magnus   Marc'Antonio Zondadari 1720–1722
65/66 Magister Magnus   António Manoel de Vilhena 1722–1736 Restored the city Mdina, constructed Fort Manoel and significantly improved the fortifications of Malta in general. Built Casa Leoni and Palazzo Parisio, and renovated Verdala Palace. Manoel Theatre (1731). Conducted peace negotiations with the Ottomans, without result. Declared neutrality in the War of the Polish Succession.
66/67 Magister Magnus   Ramón Despuig 1736–1741 Improved the fortifications of Mdina, modernised legislation, renovated the Co-Cathedral of St. John. Naval engagements with Ottoman Algeria.
67/68 Magister Magnus   Manuel Pinto da Fonseca 1741–1773 Expelled the Jesuits from Malta. In 1753 proclaimed the sovereignty of the Order on Malta and a dispute started with the Kingdom of Sicily under King Charles V. Normal relations were resumed the next year, with the Order retaining de facto control over Malta as a sovereign state.[3]
68/69 Magister Magnus   Francisco Ximénez de Tejada 1773–1775 Rising of the Priests (1775), bankruptcy of the order.
69/70 Magister Magnus   Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc 1775–1797 Instituted the Anglo-Bavarian langue and the Russian Grand Priory.
70/71 Magister Magnus   Ferdinand von Hompesch
zu Bolheim 		1797–1799 First German elected to the Office. Abdicated 6 July 1799 following the French invasion of Malta.


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منظمة فرسان مالطة العسكرية المستقلة

Prince and Grand Master the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
 
Coat of arms
الحالي
Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas Boas
Lieutenant ad interim
since 29 أبريل 2020 (2020-04-29)
التفاصيل
الأسلوبHis Most Eminent Highness
أول عاهلGerard Thom
Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce
التشكيل1099/1879

قالب:Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar

Nr Title Picture Name Time in office Notes
72[4] Grand Master (partial recognition)   Paul I of Russia 1798–1801 Elected by the Priory of St. Petersburg in September 1798 (before the abdication of von Hompesch). This election resulted in the establishment of the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller. On Paul's death in 1801, his son Alexander I of Russia decided to end this irregular situation and refused to be Grand Master. The election of a new Grand Master was deferred to pope Pius VII.
  Nikolay Saltykov 1801–1803 De facto Lieutenant in Saint Petersburg
73[4] Grand Master
Gran Maestro 		  Giovanni Battista Tommasi 1803–1805 Appointed by Pope Pius VII in 1803. Residence in Messina and Catania
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Innico Maria Guevara-Suardo 1805–1814 Headquarters in Catania. Loss of territories and Protestant branches.
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Andrea Di Giovanni y Centellés 1814–1821 Headquarters in Catania
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Antoine Busca 1821–1834 Headquarters in Ferrara. SMOM recognized at the Congress of Verona (1822).
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Carlo Candida 1834–1845 Headquarters moved to Palazzo Malta, Rome. Restoration of the grand priories of Lombardy-Venetia and of Sicily in 1839/41.
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Filippo di Colloredo-Mels 1845–1864
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Alessandro Borgia 1865–1871
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Giovanni Battista Ceschi
a Santa Croce 		1871–1879
74[4] Prince and Grand Master
Princeps et Magister Magnus 		  Giovanni Battista Ceschi
a Santa Croce 		1879–1905 Restoration of the office of Grand Master after a 75-year interregnum, confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
75[4] Prince and Grand Master
Princeps et Magister Magnus 		  Galeas von Thun und
Hohenstein 		1905–1931
76[4] Prince and Grand Master
Principe e Gran Maestro 		  Ludovico Chigi Albani
della Rovere 		1931–1951
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Antonio Hercolani Fava
Simonetti 		1951–1955
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Ernesto Paternò Castello
di Carcaci 		1955–1962
77[4] Prince and Grand Master
Principe e Gran Maestro 		  Angelo de Mojana di Cologna 1962–1988
Lieutenant ad interim   Jean Charles Pallavicini 1988
78[4] Prince and Grand Master
Principe e Gran Maestro 		  Andrew Bertie 1988–2008 Partial revision of the constitution (1997, promulgated 1961).[5][6]
Lieutenant ad interim   Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto 2008
79[4] Prince and Grand Master
Principe e Gran Maestro 		  Matthew Festing 2008–2017 First Grand Master elected under the new constitution of 1997. Resigned in 2017 following a dispute with the Vatican.[7]
Lieutenant ad interim   Ludwig Hoffmann-Rumerstein 2017
Lieutenant
Luogotenente Generale 		  Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto 2017–2018
80[4] Prince and Grand Master
Principe e Gran Maestro 		  Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto 2018–2020
Lieutenant ad interim Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas Boas 2020–present


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أنظر أيضًا

المصادر

  1. ^ The Order's Great Seal, or leaden bulla, remained in use, with some modifications, from the 12th century until 1798. Until 1278, when Nicholas de Lorgne introduced a separate conventual bulla, there was no distinction between the seal of the Grand Master and that of the order. The general design of the seal featured, on the obverse, the Grand Master kneeling in prayer before the patriarchal cross. This image was usually accompanied with the sacred letters alpha and omega, which referenced the Second Coming of Christ. The central image was surrounded by a legend with the Master's name followed by the official designation CVSTOS. Barbara Packard, Seals of the Grand Masters, Museum of the Order of St John, 14 October 2015.
  2. ^ Morris (1884), p. 61 does not count Caracciolo as numbered Grand Master, giving the number 33 to Philibert de Naillac. A page at orderofmalta.int (as of 2017), the official website of the SMOM, does count Caracciolo as 33rd Grand Master.
  3. ^ Zammit, Vincent (1992). Il-Gran Mastri - Ġabra ta' Tagħrif dwar l-Istorja ta' Malta fi Żmienhom - It-Tieni Volum 1680-1798. Valletta, Malta: Valletta Publishing & Promotion Co. Ltd. pp. 405–406.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ Numbering according to the SMOM (website orderofmalta.int as of 2017) implies the recognition of Riccardo Caracciolo as 33rd Grand Master, and of Paul I of Russia as 72nd Grand Master (r. 1798–1801).
  5. ^ Constitutional Charter and Code of the SMOM (1997).
  6. ^ The sovereign status of the SMOM had been in question as the previous constitution had implied dependence on the Holy See (which had itself been recognized as sovereign in 1922). Approval of the elected Grand Master by the Pope is no longer explicitly required. Bo J. Theutenberg, The Holy See, the Order of Malta and International Law (2003), ISBN 91-974235-6-4
  7. ^ Pullella, Philip (23 June 2016). "Knights of Malta head resigns after dispute with Vatican". Reuters. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

وصلات خارجية

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