المعرفة

التمرد الشيعي في البحرين

التمرد (الشيعي) في البحرين is an ongoing insurgency by militant groups، التي هي جزء من المعارضة البحرينية، المدعومة من إيران، للإطاحة بحكومة البحرين.

التمرد في البحرين
جزء من انتفاضة البحرين 2011 وصراع إيران والسعودية بالوكالة
التاريخ14 February 2011 – present
(13 {{{4}}}, 4 {{{4}}}, 1 weeks and 6 {{{4}}})
الموقع
البحرين
الوضع Ongoing
المتحاربون

البحرين

Supported by:
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates

Bahraini opposition

Supported by:
 إيران
 كوريا الشمالية
القادة والزعماء
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Hasan Yusuf[1]
الوحدات المشاركة
Public Security Forces
Ministry of Interior
Bahrain Defence Force		 Al-Ashtar Brigades
Waad Allah Brigades
al-Mukhtar Brigades
Saraya Thair Allah
Popular Resistance Brigades
February 14 Youth Coalition
Saraya al Karar[2]
Asa’ib al-Muqawama al-Bahrainia[3]
Imam al-Mahdi Brigades
al-Haydariyah Brigades
الضحايا والخسائر
22 deaths and more than 3,500 injuries to policemen since 2011[4] Unknown
قالب:Campaignbox Insurgency in Bahrain

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التاريخ

خط زمني

2011

2012

  • On 10 April 2012, a bomb attack injured seven policemen in Akr.[6]
  • On 5 November 2012, at least five homemade bombs exploded in the nation's capital, killing 2 Asian workers and injuring another.[7]


2013

  • On 12 July 2013, a home-made bomb wounded Bahraini policemen outside the Shiite village, according to the interior ministry. State-media claimed it was "planted by terrorists" near the capital, Manama.[8]

2014

  • On 15 February 2014, one policeman was killed in a bombing.[9]
  • On 3 March 2014, three policeman were killed in a bombing by Al-Ashtar Brigades, including an Emirati officer, in the 2014 Daih bombing.[10][11]
  • On 19 April 2014, two men were killed and another injured after their car exploded. They were suspected to be militants transporting explosives.[12]
  • On 5 July 2014, policeman Mahmud Farid was killed in a bombing in Eker village.[13]

2015

2016

  • On 30 June 2016, 1 person was killed and 3 injured after a roadside bombing. 2 people were arrested who were suspected of planting the bomb. Bahrain accused Iran's Revolutionary Guards for being behind the bombing, although this is only an accusation, and does not rule out the possibility of terrorism. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden expressed his concerns after the attack.[15] The bombing was described as a "terrorist bombing".[16]
  • On 1 July 2016, one woman was killed and three children injured in a bombing.[17]

2017

  • On 1 January 2017, one policeman was killed and a second injured in a jailbreak conducted by four-six armed men at Jaww prison. 10 inmates convicted of terrorist offenses escaped.[18][19]
  • On 15 January 2017, three militants (Abbas al-Samea, Sami Mushaima and Ali al-Singace) were executed for the 3 March 2014 bombing.[20]
  • On 29 January 2017, a police officer in Bahrain was shot dead in an attack claimed by a Shi'ite militant group.[21]
  • On 18 June 2017, a member of the security forces was killed and two others were wounded after a bombing in Diraz.[22]
  • On 19 June, a Shia militant accidentally blew himself up with an improvised explosive device.[23]
  • In June 2017, Saraya al-Mukhtar performs a cyberattack on a former government official's Twitter account.[24]
  • On 2 October 2017, five policemen were injured in a bombing in the village of Daih on Budaiya road.[25]
  • On 27 October 2017, one policeman was killed and eight wounded in a bombing of a bus near the Jidhafs area.[26]
  • On 10 November 2017, a bomb caused a fire at Bahrain’s main pipeline near Buri village.[24][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]

2018

  • On 7 February 2018, four members of the cell behind the bomb attack on the oil pipeline were arrested.[27]
  • On 3 March 2018, 116 militants who were part of cells established by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps were arrested.[28]

2019

  • On 27 July 2019, two alleged militants were executed by the state on charges of terrorism. Both were allegedly involved in the January 1, 2017 killing of a prison guard that helped let 10 detainees escape, as well as the for the killings of two other police officers that month. The two were arrested in February 2017.[29]

2020

  • On 15 December 2020, the United States Treasury added the Saraya Al-Mukhtar (aka. Bahraini Islamic Resistance, aka. Al-Mukhtar Brigades, etc.) to the Specially Designated Nationals list, subjecting it to economic sanctions imposed by the United States. The sanctions were imposed due to their connections with Iran.[30][31]

2021

2022

2023

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References

  1. ^ "US designates Iran-backed Bahrainis as terrorists - FDD's Long War Journal". 21 مارس 2017. Archived from the original on 14 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  2. ^ "Illini Journal of International Security » Iranian-backed terror groups in Bahrain: Part One". Archived from the original on 2018-10-29. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
  3. ^ "Hizballah Cavalcade: Asa'ib al-Muqawama al-Bahrainia: An Emerging Militant Group in Bahrain?". Archived from the original on 2018-10-29. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
  4. ^ "In Bahrain, a smoldering insurgency reveals the resilience of Iran's proxy war". Washington Post (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2022-05-11. Maj. Gen. Tariq al-Hassan, Bahrain's chief of public security, said that groups such as al-Ashtar Brigades and al-Mukhtar Brigades were responsible for 22 deaths and more than 3,500 injuries to policemen since 2011. The death toll is relatively low for an insurgency, but it represents a significant problem in a country of just 1.4 million people.
  5. ^ "In Bahrain, a smoldering insurgency reveals the resilience of Iran's proxy war". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  6. ^ "Bahrain police injured in bomb attack". BBC News. 10 أبريل 2012. Archived from the original on 23 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 26 مايو 2018.
  7. ^ "Five bomb blasts hit Bahrain capital, two workers killed". Trust. 5 November 2012. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  8. ^ "Bomb wounds four Bahrain policemen: ministry". Fox News. 14 يوليو 2013. Archived from the original on 22 يوليو 2013. Retrieved 26 مايو 2018.
  9. ^ migration (15 فبراير 2014). "Blast kills Bahrain policeman during uprising protests". Archived from the original on 6 يوليو 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  10. ^ "Bomb blast kills Bahrain policemen". BBC News. 3 مارس 2014. Archived from the original on 23 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  11. ^ "The Evolution of Shi'a Insurgency in Bahrain". 24 January 2018.
  12. ^ "Car blast kills two in Bahrain". BBC News. 19 أبريل 2014. Archived from the original on 12 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  13. ^ "Bahrain police officer killed in 'terrorist' bombing". english.alarabiya.net. 5 يوليو 2014. Archived from the original on 6 يوليو 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  14. ^ Editorial, Reuters (28 يوليو 2015). "Bomb kills two policemen in worst Bahrain bombing in months". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  15. ^ "Bahrain makes arrests over bombing that killed woman, blames Iran". Reuters. 2016-07-12. Archived from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
  16. ^ "Bahraini woman dies and three children are hurt in bomb blast south of Manama | The National". Thenational.ae. Archived from the original on 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
  17. ^ "Bahraini woman killed in roadside bomb attack". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 1 أغسطس 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  18. ^ "'Terrorists' freed in Bahrain prison raid". BBC News. 11 سبتمبر 2018. Archived from the original on 12 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  19. ^ "KUNA : Policeman killed in attack on Bahrain prison - Security - 01/01/2017". www.kuna.net.kw. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
  20. ^ "Bahrain carries out rare executions". BBC News. 11 سبتمبر 2018. Archived from the original on 12 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  21. ^ "Bahrain Police Officer Killed in Attack Claimed by Militants". ABC News. 29 يناير 2017. Archived from the original on 29 يناير 2017. Retrieved 31 يناير 2017.
  22. ^ "Bahrain: Explosion kills policeman, wounds two in Diraz". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 1 أغسطس 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018.
  23. ^ "Country Reports on Terrorism 2017" (PDF). state.gov. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  24. ^ أ ب "Bahrain-Iran Foreign Relations: A Brief Case Study - Analysis - Eurasia Review" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 10 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-05-10.
  25. ^ Editorial, Reuters (2 أكتوبر 2017). "Explosion wounds five Bahraini policemen: agency". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  26. ^ Editorial, Reuters (27 أكتوبر 2017). "Bomb attack kills one Bahraini policeman, wounds eight". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  27. ^ Editorial, Reuters (7 فبراير 2018). "Bahrain arrests four linked to pipeline blast: ministry". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 11 سبتمبر 2018. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  28. ^ "Bahraini raids arrest over 100 members of alleged Iranian-backed network | FDD's Long War Journal". 7 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-19. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  29. ^ "Bahrain executes 2 in 'terror' case despite rights groups' pleas". Al Jazeera. 27 July 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  30. ^ "Counter Terrorism Designation". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  31. ^ "What Is Bahrain's Saraya al-Mukhtar Militia?". VOA (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-05-10.
  32. ^ "Bahrain says it foiled planned attack, arrests suspects". www.aljazeera.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-05-10.
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