ڤالنسيين
ڤالنسيين (Valenciennes ؛ /ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/؛[2] وأيضاً UK /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/؛[3] الأمريكي /ʔnz,_vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/؛[4][5] بالفرنسية: [valɑ̃sjɛn] (
استمع)؛ هولندية: Valencijn؛ پيكارد: Valincyinne؛ لاتينية: Valentianae) هي بلدة في إقليم نور في شمال فرنسا.
ڤالنسيين
Valincyinne (پيكارد) | |
|---|---|
 مبنى البلدية | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of ڤالنسيين  | |
  ڤالنسيين  ڤالنسيين | |
| الإحداثيات: 50°21′29″N 3°31′24″E / 50.358°N 3.5233°ECoordinates: 50°21′29″N 3°31′24″E / 50.358°N 3.5233°E | |
| البلد | فرنسا |
| المنطقة | أعالي فرنسا |
| الإقليم | نور |
| الدائرة | ڤالنسيين |
| الكانتون | ڤالنسيين |
| بينالتجمعات | Communauté d'agglomération Valenciennes Métropole |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة (2020–2026) | Laurent Degallaix[1] (UDI) |
| المساحة 1 | 13٫82 كم² (5٫34 ميل²) |
| التعداد (يناير 2019) | 43٬229 |
| • الكثافة | 3٬100/km2 (8٬100/sq mi) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/الرمز البريدي | 59606 /59300 |
| المنسوب | 17–56 m (56–184 ft) (avg. 42 m or 138 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
وتقع على نهر سخلده (فرنسية: Escaut). Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded. The 1999 census recorded that the population of the commune of Valenciennes was 41,278, and that of the metropolitan area was 399,677.
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التاريخ
قبل 1500
Valenciennes is first mentioned in 693 in a legal document written by كلوڤيس الثاني (Valentiana). في معاهدة ڤردان 843، it was made a neutral city between Neustria and the Austrasia. Later in the 9th century the region was overrun by the Normans, and in 881 the town passed to them. In 923 it passed to the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia dependent on the Holy Roman Empire. Once the امبراطورية الفرنجة was established, the city began to develop, though the archaeological record has still not revealed all it has to reveal about this period. Under the Ottonian emperors, Valenciennes became the centre of marches on the border of the Empire.
المعالم الرئيسية
The Hindenburg Line ran through Valenciennes during World War I, leading to extensive destruction. Valenciennes was again almost completely destroyed during World War II, and has since been rebuilt in concrete.
A few surviving monuments are: 1) The façade of the town hall, which managed to survive the bombardments of the war; 2) Notre-Dame du Saint-Cordon, to which there is an annual pilgrimage; 3) La Maison Espagnole, the remains of the Spanish occupation, which ended in 1678. The building is now used as the town's tourist information office; 4) The Dodenne Tower, the remaining part of the medieval fortifications after Charles V ordered them reduced; 5) Théâtre le Phenix, a theatre and performing arts venue constructed in 1998; 6) The "Beffroi", a large, pin-like monument 45 metres (148 feet) in height, built in 2007 on the site of the former belfry.
الاقتصاد
Valenciennes is historically renowned for its lace. Until the 1970s, the main industries were steel and textiles. Since their decline, reconversion attempts focus mainly on automobile production. In 2001, Toyota built its Western European assembly line for the Toyota Yaris in Valenciennes. Because of this and other changes, the average unemployment in the region is now lower than the national average.
On 15 July 2004 the Administrative Board of the European Union's Railway Agency held its first meeting in Phénix, with representatives of the 25 Member States and François Lamoureux, those days Director General for Energy and Transportation at the European Commission. Valenciennes was picked as the European Railway Agency headquarters in December 2003. International conferences are held in Lille.
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
ڤالنسيين متوأمة مع:
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انظر أيضاً
- Vendémiaire Pavot Sculptor of La Faunesse in Valenciennes
الهامش
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in الفرنسية). 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- ^ قالب:Cite Oxford Dictionaries
- ^ "Valenciennes". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
- ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
