ڤالانس (مدينة)
Valence (الأمريكي /vəˈlɑ̃s,_væˈlɑ̃s/,[1][2] بالفرنسية: [valɑ̃s] (
استمع); أوكسيتان: Valença [vaˈlensɔ]) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhône, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Lyon, along the railway line that runs from Paris to Marseille.
Valence
Valença (أوكسيتان) | |
|---|---|
Prefecture and commune | |
.jpg) View of the city of Valence | |
.png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Valence  | |
  Valence  Valence | |
| الإحداثيات: 44°56′00″N 4°53′30″E / 44.9333°N 4.8917°ECoordinates: 44°56′00″N 4°53′30″E / 44.9333°N 4.8917°E | |
| البلد | فرنسا |
| المنطقة | أوڤرن-رون-ألپ |
| الإقليم | Drôme |
| الدائرة | Valence |
| الكانتون | Valence-1, 2, 3 and 4 |
| بينالتجمعات | Valence-Romans Sud Rhône-Alpes |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة (2020-2026) | Nicolas Daragon |
| المساحة 1 | 36٫69 كم² (14٫17 ميل²) |
| التعداد (يناير 2019) | 64٬749 |
| • الكثافة | 1٬800/km2 (4٬600/sq mi) |
| صفة المواطن | Valentinois |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/الرمز البريدي | 26362 /26000 |
| المنسوب | 106–191 m (348–627 ft) (avg. 123 m or 404 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
It is the 5th largest city in the region by its population, with 63,714 registered inhabitants in 2017 (131,695 inhabitants in the urban area (unité urbaine).[3] The city of Valence is divided into four cantons. Its inhabitants are called Valentinois.[4]
Located in the heart of the Rhone corridor, Valence is often referred to as "the door to the South of France", the local saying à Valence le Midi commence ("at Valence the Midi begins") pays tribute to the city's southern culture. Between Vercors and Provence, its geographical location attracts many tourists. Axes of transport and communications are the A7 and A49 autoroutes, the RN7, Paris/Marseille TGV line, as well as the Rhône. In addition, the Valence agglomeration is equipped with a marina, a trading port, two railway stations (Valence-Ville and Valence-TGV) and an airport. Its business is essentially turned towards the sectors of agriculture, metallurgy, engineering and electronics.[5]
The commune, founded in 121 BC, after the invasion of Gallia Narbonensis by the Romans, it moved quickly to become the largest crossroad behind Lyon.[6] With its growing importance, Valence gained the status of Roman colony. Over the centuries, the town grew and grew. Today, many vestiges of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, but also from the 17th century, 18th century and 19th century are visible in the city centre. The city is historically attached to the Dauphiné, of which it forms the second largest city after Grenoble and is today part of the network of French Towns and Lands of Art and History. Formerly the duchy of Valentinois, it was ruled by the Duke of Valentinois, a title which is still claimed by the Sovereign Prince of Monaco, though he has no actual administrative control over the area.
Monuments in Valence include the Maison des Têtes, built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne, the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral, built between 1063 and 1099 under the leadership of Bishop Gontard and also the monumental fountain designed by the architect Eugène Poitoux. The city has many historical monuments, most of which are in Vieux Valence. Inscribed on the list of flowery towns and villages of France, Valence is one of the seventeen municipalities of the Rhône-Alpes region to be labeled "four flowers" by the Concours des villes et villages fleuris, i.e. the maximum level.
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Geography
Location
Neighbouring Communes
Relief and geology
Climate
| بيانات مناخ Valence, Drôme (Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence) 1981–2010 averages, extremes 1965–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 19.2 (66.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.6 (90.7) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.5 (104.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
40٫5 (104٫9) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 6.9 (44.4) |
8.9 (48) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.1 (77.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.8 (82) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.8 (64) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
17٫4 (63٫3) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 3.9 (39) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.2 (72) |
21.6 (70.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
12٫7 (54٫9) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 0.8 (33.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
8٫1 (46٫6) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -20.6 (-5.1) |
-10.6 (12.9) |
-10.1 (13.8) |
-2.0 (28.4) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
-3.6 (25.5) |
-7.1 (19.2) |
-13.3 (8.1) |
−20٫6 (−5٫1) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 52.0 (2.047) |
42.4 (1.669) |
51.6 (2.031) |
83.3 (3.28) |
88.7 (3.492) |
58.5 (2.303) |
51.1 (2.012) |
65.3 (2.571) |
110.4 (4.346) |
115.4 (4.543) |
90.4 (3.559) |
58.7 (2.311) |
867٫8 (34٫165) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.6 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 90٫4 |
| Source: Meteo France[7] | |||||||||||||
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History
The demonym corresponding to Valence is Valentinois, but "Valentinois" also designates a geographical area, and one of the old provinces of France, with its capital Valence having been part of the province of Dauphiné.
Toponymy
The conquest of Gaul by Julius Caesar made the Rhône corridor a major north-south communication axis, linking with the new Roman possessions around the Mediterranean Sea. Many settlements were founded, including Valentia, a Latin name meaning La Vaillante [brave], La Vigoureuse [strong], in the territory of the Segovellaunes.
The town named Valença in Occitan, Valènço in literary Provençal and Valinço in local Provençal.
Heraldry
.svg) |
The arms of Valence are blazoned :
|
Antiquity
At the end of prehistory
العلاقات الدولية
The committee of twinning of Valence is the association responsible for the promotion, coordination and organisation of exchanges between Valence and its twin cities, with the support of the city of Valence.
Several cities are twinned or partners of Valence:[8]
ڤالانس متوأمة مع:
أستي، إيطاليا، منذ 1966
بيبراخ آن در ريس، ألمانيا، منذ 1967
كلاكتون على البحر، المملكة المتحدة، منذ 1969
إيجڤان، أرمينيا، منذ 1996
گديرا، إسرائيل، منذ 1997
البترون، لبنان، منذ 2005
Valence is a partner city with:
الحمامات، تونس
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الثقافة المحلية والتراث
Vieux Valence
Statue of Championnet on the Champ de Mars
A "côte" of Valence, on leaving the place de la Pierre (Basse ville)
The côte Saint-Martin. In the distance, the ruins of the Château de Crussol (Ardèche)
Stairs of the côte Saint-Martin
The côte Sylvante
The Sylvante gate
The top of the côte Sylvante.
Côte Saint-Estève under the cathedral
Gallery
Kiosque Peynet on the Champ de Mars
Bell tower of the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral
Gate of the former prefecture
View of the Château de Crussol from the esplanade of the Champ de Mars
Statue of Bonaparte on Place Porte Neuve
_004-001.JPG)
_028.JPG)
Côte des Chapeliers, home of the Marquis of Veynes.
Côte des Chapeliers
Sculpture in the garden of the Musée des beaux-arts
See also
Bibliography
- Blanc, André (1973). Valence [Valence] (in الفرنسية). Colmar-Ingersheim: Éditions SAEP.
- Blanc, André (1975). Valence à travers les hommes [Valence through the men] (in الفرنسية). Valence: Éditions SOREPI.
- Bornecque, Robert. Histoire de Valence et de sa région: Die – Crest [History of Valence and its region: Die – Crest] (in الفرنسية). Roanne: Éditions Horvath.
- Ravit, Philippe (2007). Le paysage valentinois, de la fondation de la colonie de Valentia (Valence) au 3e siecle ap J.-C [The city landscape, of the Foundation of the colony of Valentia (Valence) in the 3rd century AD] (in الفرنسية). Lyon 3.
- Collective (1991). Valence [Valence] (in الفرنسية). Ville de Valence et Office du tourisme.
- Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2004). Le Parc Jouvet au cœur de Valence [The Jouvet Park in the heart of Valence] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
- Collective (2009). Valence, visages d'une ville [Valence faces of a city] (in الفرنسية). Altal éditions.
- Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2010). Le Champ de Mars terrasse de Valence [The Champ de Mars terrace of Valence] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
- Collective (2011). Il était une fois Châteauvert… [Once upon a time... Châteauvert] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
- Balsan, Alain (2012). Valence 2000 ans d'histoire [Valence 2000 years of history] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
- Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2013). La Sculpture-château d'eau de Philolaos à Valence [Sculpture-water tower of Philolaus in Valence] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
Notes
References
- ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
- ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
- ^ "Insee – Comparateur de territoire: Commune de Valence (26362), Unité urbaine de Valence (00651)".
- ^ David Malescourt. "Nom des habitants des communes françaises". le site habitants.fr de la société commerciale Patagos.
- ^ "L'Express : Quand Valence rime avec croissance".
- ^ "Musée de Valence : histoire".
- ^ "St–Marcel–Les–V–Inra (26)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "villes jumelées à Valence".
Bibliography
- Aragon, Louis (2001). Le rendez-vous de Valence. Études Drômoises. Text annotated by Bernard-Marie Despesse.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Chouquer, Gérard; Odiot, Thierry; Beeching, Alain; Brochier, Jacques Léopold; Matteucci, Sylvio (1984). L'évolution morphohistorique de la cité de Valence. Vol. 10. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Dubesset, Pierre (1974). "Perspectives actuelles de l'aménagement urbain à Valence-sur-Rhône". 49 (3). Revue de géographie de Lyon.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Frachette, Christian (1998). "Valence au dixième siècle (879–1029)". Études drômoises. 96.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Garagnon, P. (1956). "La colonie arménienne de Valence-sur-Rhône". Revue de géographie alpine. 44 (3).
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Rossiaud, M. (1976). Les haleurs du Rhône au XVe siecle. Rennes. Les transports au Moyen Âge.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Uriu, Yoichi (1990). "Espace et Révolution : enquête, grande peur et fédérations". Annales historiques de la Révolution française. 280.
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