جيسلمير
جيسلمير (Jaisalmer ؛ تُنطق ؛ وتكنى "المدينة الذهبية")، هي مدينة في ولاية راجستان بالهند، الواقعة على بعد 575 كم غرب عاصمة الولاية جايپور. تقبع البلدة على حافة هاوية من الحجر الرملي المائل للصفرة ويتوجها حصن جيسلمير القديم. يضم هذا الحصن قصراً ملكياً وعدداً من المعابد الجاينية المزخرفة. العديد من المنازل والمعابد في كلٍ من الحصن والبلدة مبنيون بالحجر الرملي المقطوع. وتقع البلدة في قلب صحراء تهر (الصحراء الهندية الكبرى) ويبلغ عدد سكانها، بما في ذلك سكان الحصن، نحو 78,000 نسمة. وهي المقر الإداري لـ ضلع جيسلمير. جيسلمير كانت، في وقتٍ ما،عاصمة ولاية جيسلمير.
جيسلمير
जैसलमेर (هندي) Jaisalmer | |
|---|---|
مدينة | |
| جيسلمير | |
 منظر المدينة من حصن جيسلمير | |
| الكنية: المدينة الذهبية | |
  جيسلمير الموقع في راجستان، الهند  جيسلمير جيسلمير (الهند)  جيسلمير جيسلمير (آسيا) | |
| الإحداثيات: 26°54′47″N 70°54′54″E / 26.913°N 70.915°ECoordinates: 26°54′47″N 70°54′54″E / 26.913°N 70.915°E | |
| البلد | India |
| الولاية | راجستان |
| الضلع | جيسلمير |
| أسسها | روال جيسل |
| الحكومة | |
| • عضو البرلمان | Kailash Choudhary |
| • عضو المجلس التشريعي | روپارم |
| • District Collector & District Magistrate | Ashish Modi, IAS |
| • المشرف على الشرطة | Dr Ajay Singh, IPS[1] |
| المساحة | |
| • الحضر | 62٫38 كم² (24٫09 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 225 m (738 ft) |
| التعداد (2011) | |
| • مدينة | 65٬471 |
| اللغات | |
| • الرسمية | الهندي و الراجستاني |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 345 001 |
| Telephone code | 02992 |
| ISO 3166 code | RJ-IN |
| لوحة السيارة | RJ-15 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | jaisalmer |
| موقع تراث عالمي لليونسكو | |
| Official name | حصن جيسلمير |
| جزء من | Hill Forts of Rajasthan |
| السمات | ثقافي: (ii)(iii) |
| مراجع | 247rev-006 |
| التدوين | 2013 (37 Session) |
| المساحة | 8 ha (0.031 sq mi) |
| منطقة عازلة | 89 ha (0.34 sq mi) |
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أصل الاسم
جيسلمير مسماة على اسم روال جيسل، الحاكم البهاتي[لم يمكن التحقق] الذي أسس المدينة في 1156م.[3] Jaisalmer means the Hill Fort of Jaisal. Jaisalmer is sometimes called the "Golden City of India" because the yellow sandstone used throughout the architecture of both the fort and the town below, imbues both with a certain golden-yellow light.
التاريخ
الجغرافيا والمناخ
كثبان رملية بالقرب من جيسلمير.
| بيانات مناخ جيسلمير (1981–2010، القصوى 1948–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 35.8 (96.4) |
37.8 (100) |
42.3 (108.1) |
45.8 (114.4) |
48.0 (118.4) |
49.2 (120.6) |
47.0 (116.6) |
43.3 (109.9) |
43.3 (109.9) |
42.2 (108) |
38.8 (101.8) |
34.4 (93.9) |
49٫2 (120٫6) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 23.8 (74.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
39.1 (102.4) |
41.9 (107.4) |
40.9 (105.6) |
38.1 (100.6) |
36.6 (97.9) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.5 (97.7) |
31.3 (88.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
34٫3 (93٫7) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 9.1 (48.4) |
12.4 (54.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.0 (77) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
20٫3 (68٫5) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -5.9 (21.4) |
-4.4 (24.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.2 (63) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
2.0 (35.6) |
-0.6 (30.9) |
−5٫9 (21٫4) |
| سقوط الأمطار mm (inches) | 1.3 (0.051) |
5.2 (0.205) |
3.3 (0.13) |
7.2 (0.283) |
7.2 (0.283) |
21.0 (0.827) |
59.2 (2.331) |
72.2 (2.843) |
19.3 (0.76) |
3.0 (0.118) |
0.7 (0.028) |
2.1 (0.083) |
201٫6 (7٫937) |
| % Humidity | 31 | 26 | 22 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 45 | 50 | 39 | 26 | 27 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg. rainy days | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 12٫0 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[4][5] | |||||||||||||
الاقتصاد
Tourism is a major industry in Jaisalmer.
حصن جيسلمير
Built in 1156 by the Bhati Rajput ruler Jaisal, Jaisalmer Fort, situated on Meru Hill and named as Trikoot Garh has been the scene of many battles. Its massive sandstone walls are a tiny lion colour during the day, turning to a magical honey-gold as the sun sets. The famous Indian film director Satyajit Ray wrote a detective novel and later turned it into a film − Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress) which was based on this fort. About a quarter of city's population still live inside the fort. The main attractions inside the fort are: Raj Mahal (Royal palace), Jain temples and the Laxminath temple.
التراث الجايني لجيسلمير
Jaisalmer has been enriched by its Jain community, which has adorned the city with beautiful temples, notably the temples dedicated to the 16th Tirthankara, Shantinath, and 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanath.
There are seven Jain temples in total which are situated within the Jaisalmer fort built during the 12th and 15th centuries. Among these temples, the biggest is the Paraswanath Temple; the others are Chandraprabhu temple, Rishabdev temple, Shitalnath Temple, Kunthunath Temple, and Shantinath Temple. Known for their exquisite work of art and architecture that was predominant in the medieval era the temples are built out of yellow sandstone and have intricate engravings on them.
Jaisalmer has some of the oldest libraries of India which contain rarest of the manuscripts and artefacts of Jain tradition. There are many pilgrimage centres around Jaisalmer such as Lodhruva (Lodarva), Amarsagar, Brahmsar and Pokharan.
Jain Haveli architecture
Jain carvings
Patwon Ji Ki Haveli
Chandraprabhu Jain Temple inside the Jaisalmer Fort
Chandraprabhu idol inside Chandraprabhu Jain Temple of Jaisalmer Fort
Jain Temple inside the Jaisalmer Fort
Parshvantha, Lodhruva Jain Temple
Shantinatha, Lodhruva Jain Temple
Ceiling of Jain temple inside the Jaisalmer Fort
Carving on the wall of Jain Temple, Jaisalmer Fort
Carvings on the wall, detail
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المتاحف
- Baa RI Haveli On fort
- Desert Culture Centre & Museum
- Jaisalmer Folklore Museum
- Government Museum
- Jaisalmer Fort Palace Museum
- Jaisalmer War Museum
- Akal Fossil Park Museum
- Cactus Park Museum, Kuldhara
- Tanot Museum
غيره
Ramdevra a village in Jaisalmer is named after Baba Ramdevji, a Tanwar Rajput and a saint who took Samādhi in 1384 CE, at the age of 33 years. He is worshiped today by many social groups of India as Ishta-deva.
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- Gadsisar Lake – Excavated in 1367 by Rawal Gadsi Singh, it is a scenic rainwater lake surrounded by the small temples and shrines of Amar Sagar. Earlier, this lake was used to be the main water source of Jaisalmer. Due to an increased water demand for agriculture, the lake is increasingly threatened to dry out.[6]
في الجوار
- Bada Bagh, a complex with chhatris of Jai Singh II (d. 1743) and subsequent Maharajas of Jaisalmer
- Lodhruva
- Desert National Park
- Bhaniyana
- Lanela
- Battle of Longewala point
مهرجان الصحراء
Desert Festival of Jaisalmer is the most awaited and famous cultural and colourful event of Rajasthan. Camel races, Turban-tying and Mr. Desert competitions are organised. It is held in the month of February every year. The festival showcases Rajasthani folk songs and dance and it is very attractive to foreign tourists. Gair and Fire dancers which are the major attraction of the Jaisalmer desert festival celebrations. This is the best time to visit Jaisalmer to witness performing arts like Kalbelia dances and folk songs and music.
انظر أيضاً
- Paramara, Dalvi-Deshmukh of Nasik originating from Jaisalmer
- قناة إنديرا غاندي
- Pokhran
- Rajkumari Ratnavati Girl's School, a school in the rural thar desert of Jaisalmer with unique architect
- Baba Ramdevji, the 14th century ruler
- Tanot Mata
- Kuldhara
إشارات ثقافية
- Gupi Gayen Bagha Bayen (1969), a Bengali film, directed by Satyajit Ray, was partly shot at Jaisalmer Fort.
- Sonar Kella (1974) (Golden Fortress) Satyajit Ray's Bengali film, based on his eponymous novel featuring his creation, the detective Feluda, was based in Jaisalmer and surrounding areas.[7][8]
- Hothat Brishti, a Bengali film was shot in Jaisalmer.
- Goray Gondogol (2012), a Bengali film was partly shot in Jaisalmer.
- Kishore Kumar Junior (2018), a Bengali film was partly shot in Jaisalmer.
- Soul of Jaisalmer (Hindi non-feature film 2016) made by Abenezer Inder. This film is based on traditional water step well of Jaisalmer and was filmed in Gadsisar, Amar Sagar, Bada Bagh and many more far location of Jaisalmer.
للاستزادة
- Bhati, Hari Singh. 2002. ANNALS OF JAISALMER: A Pre-Mediaeval History. Kavi Prakashan, Bikaner.
- Gahlot, Sukhvirsingh. 1992. RAJASTHAN: Historical & Cultural. J. S. Gahlot Research Institute, Jodhpur.
- Somani, Ram Vallabh. 1993. History of Rajasthan.
- Tod, James & Crooke, William. 1829. Annals & Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajput States of India. 3 Vols. Reprint: Low Price Publications, Delhi. 1990. ISBN 81-85395-68-3 (set of 3 vols.)
المراجع
- ^ "Administration". jaisalmer.rajasthan.gov.in (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ "District Census Handbook - Jaisalmer" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
See page 24 'Jaisalmer (M) - 62.38', the '38,401' figure is for the 'Jaisalmer - District Total'
- ^ Balfour, Edward (1885). The encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. Original from Oxford University: B. Quaritch. p. 406.
- ^ "Station: Jaisalmer Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 345–346. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M181. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Jaisalmer, Rajasthan - Don't Complain Travel". Dont-complain.com. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ^ "Sonar Qila". Financial Express. 9 January 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Jaisalmer Photos". Archived from the original on 18 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
وصلات خارجية
جيسلمير travel guide from Wikivoyage
Geographic data related to جيسلمير at OpenStreetMap
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)
