مركز كندي للفضاء
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC.[4] Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.
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Clockwise from the top: Vehicle Assembly Building, Shuttle Landing Facility, Launch Control Center, Visitor Complex, KSC Headquarters Building and Crew Dragon Endeavour on Pad 39A | |
 KSC shown in white; CCSFS in green | |
| الاختصار | KSC |
|---|---|
| مسماة على اسم | John F. Kennedy |
| التشكل | 1 يوليو 1962 |
| النوع | NASA facility |
| الموقع | |
| الإحداثيات | 28°31′27″N 80°39′03″W / 28.52417°N 80.65083°WCoordinates: 28°31′27″N 80°39′03″W / 28.52417°N 80.65083°W |
Official language | English |
| المالك | NASA |
Director | Janet E. Petro[1] |
الميزانية | US$329 million[2][معلومات قديمة] (2020) |
الطاقم | 10,479[2][note 1][معلومات قديمة] (2020) |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
الاسم السابق | Launch Operations Center |
| [3] | |
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Though the first Apollo flights and all Project Mercury and Project Gemini flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate.[5][6] Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida (Mercury Control Center, later the Launch Control Center) began handing off control of the vehicle to the Mission Control Center in Houston, shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.[7][8]
Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and In-Situ Resource Utilization for off-Earth exploration.[9] Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user spaceport through industry partnerships,[10] even adding a new launch pad (LC-39C) in 2015.
There are about 700 facilities and buildings grouped across the center's 144,000 acres (580 km2).[11] Among the unique facilities at KSC are the 525-foot (160 m) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA's largest rockets, the Launch Control Center, which conducts space launches at KSC, the Operations and Checkout Building, which houses the astronauts dormitories and suit-up area, a Space Station factory, and a 3-mile (4.8 km) long Shuttle Landing Facility. There is also a Visitor Complex open to the public on site.
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See also
- Air Force Space and Missile Museum
- Astronaut beach house
- Launch Complex 34 – used for the smaller Apollo Saturn I and Saturn IB rockets
- Launch Complex 37 – used for the smaller Apollo Saturn I and Saturn IB rockets
- List of memorials to John F. Kennedy
- List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
- Mobile launcher platform
- NASA Causeway
- Solar eclipse of August 12, 2045 (Kennedy Space Center will be in the path of totality)
- Swamp Works
- Crawler-transporter
Notes
- ^ Number includes commercial tenants.
References
Citations
- ^ Kennedy Space Center gets first woman director, Janet Petro, after Bob Cabana promoted to NASA.
- ^ أ ب 2020 Kennedy Space Center Annual Report (PDF). NASA. 2020. pp. 60, 58. Retrieved أبريل 12, 2021.
- ^ "Kennedy Business Report" (PDF). Annual Report FY2010. NASA. فبراير 2011. Retrieved أغسطس 22, 2011.
- ^ "Kennedy Space Center Implementing NASA's Strategies" (PDF). NASA. 2000. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2015.
- ^ "Appendix 10 – Government Organizations Supporting Project Mercury". NASA History Program Office. NASA. Retrieved نوفمبر 6, 2015.
- ^ "2. Project Support from the NASA Centers". Mercury Project Summary (NASA SP-45). NASA. Retrieved نوفمبر 6, 2015.
- ^ "Mercury Mission Control". NASA. Retrieved نوفمبر 6, 2015.
- ^ Lipartito, Kenneth; Butler, Orville (2007). 'A History of the Kennedy Space Center. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3069-2.
- ^ "Research & Technology". Kennedy Space Center. NASA. مارس 3, 2015. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2015.
- ^ "NASA Partnerships Launch Multi-User Spaceport". NASA. مايو 1, 2014. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2015.
- ^ "Kennedy Creating New Master Plan". NASA. مارس 12, 2012. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2015.
Sources
- Benson, Charles W.; Faherty, William Barnaby (1978). Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations. Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 17, 2004..
- Middleton, Sallie. "Space Rush: Local Impact of Federal Aerospace Programs on Brevard and Surrounding Counties," Florida Historical Quarterly, Fall 2008, Vol. 87 Issue 2, pp. 258–289.
- Reynolds, David West (سبتمبر 2006). Kennedy Space Center: Gateway to Space. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-039-8. Retrieved يناير 30, 2010.
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External links
- Kennedy Space Center Web site
- Kennedy History Vault
- Spaceport News KSC Employee Magazine
- KSC Visitor Complex Web site
- Streaming audio of KSC radio communications
- Astronauts Memorial Foundation Web site
- "America's Space Program: Exploring a New Frontier", a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places lesson plan
- "Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms", a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage travel itinerary
- A Field Guide to American Spacecraft
- Documentary of the U.S. Space Program in Florida