الكاريبي الهولندي
الكاريبي الهولندي Dutch Caribbean (ويُعرَف تاريخياً بإسم جزر الهند الهولندية) هي الأقاليم والمستعمرات والبلدان، السابقة والحالية، في الامبراطورية الهولندية و مملكة هولندا في البحر الكاريبي. ويقعون في شمال وجنوب غرب أرخبيل الأنتيل الصغرى الطويل.
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 Location of the Dutch Caribbean islands
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| المساحة | 980 km2 (380 sq mi)[1] |
|---|---|
| التعداد (as of January 2019) | 337,617[1] |
| ن.م.ا. (الاسمي) | US$ 8.911 billion[2] |
| ن.م.ا. للفرد (الاسمي) | US$ 29,240[2] |
| الكثافة | 343/كم² |
| اللغات | الهولندية والإنگليزية و پاپيامنتو |
| الحكم | 3 بلدان مكونة 3 بلديات خاصة |
Currently they comprise the constituent countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten; and the special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.[1] The contemporary term is sometimes also used for the Caribbean Netherlands, an entity consisting of the three special municipalities forming part of the constituent country of the Netherlands since 2010.[3][4] The Dutch Caribbean has a population of 337,617 as of January 2019.[1]
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التاريخ
The islands in the Dutch Caribbean were, from 1815, part of the colonies Curaçao and Dependencies (1815–1828) or Sint Eustatius and Dependencies (1815–1828), which were merged with colony of Suriname (not considered part of the Dutch Caribbean, although it was on the Caribbean coast of Northeastern South America) and governed from Paramaribo until 1845, when all islands became part of the colony again called Curaçao and Dependencies.
In 1954, the islands became the country (Dutch: Land) Netherlands Antilles (1954−2010). The autonomy of the Netherlands Antilles' island territories was stipulated in the Islands Regulation of the Netherlands Antilles. Initially the Netherlands Antilles consisted of four island territories: Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao and the Windward Islands. The latter split into the Island Territories Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten in 1983.
The island of Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 to become a separate constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, leaving five island territories within the Netherlands Antilles. This situation remained until the complete dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles as a unified political entity in 2010. In that year Curaçao and Sint Maarten became autonomous constituent countries within the Kingdom (like Aruba); while Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands proper. The Netherlands proper is located in the European Union.
الجغرافيا
Currently, there are two main divisions in the Dutch Caribbean:
- those islands that have the status of being constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
- those islands that have the status of being special municipalities of the Netherlands alone, as distinct from the Kingdom in its entirety.
البلدان المكونة
There are three Caribbean islands that are countries (هولندية: landen) within the Kingdom of the Netherlands: آروبا و كوراساو و سنت مارتن. The Netherlands is the fourth and largest constituent country in the Kingdom.
Sint Maarten comprises the southern half of the island of Saint Martin. The northern half of the island – the Collectivity of Saint Martin – is an overseas territory of France. آروبا و كوراساو are located in the far south of the Caribbean being 30 kilometres and 65 كيلومتر من ساحل Venezuela.
البلديات الخاصة
The three Caribbean islands that are special municipalities of the Netherlands alone هي بونير و Sint Eustatius, and Saba. Collectively, these special municipalities of the Netherlands are also known as the "جزر BES" أو هولندا الكاريبية.
مقارنة
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تجميع الجزر
The islands have also been informally grouped in the following ways:
- ABC islands, for Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (clustered in the Leeward Antilles group);
- ACS islands,[5] for Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (the islands outside the Caribbean Netherlands).
- BES islands,[5] for Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba (also known as the Caribbean Netherlands);
- SSS islands, for Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (clustered in the Leeward Islands group);
Map of the Dutch Caribbean islands.
Those countries and special municipalities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands that are located in the Caribbean (blue background) form the Dutch Caribbean.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (May 19, 2015). "Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden?". Rijksoverheid.nl (in الهولندية).
- ^ أ ب COUNTRY COMPARISON GDP , Central Intelligence Agency.
- ^ "Rijksdienst Carbische Nederland (Rijksdienst Dutch Caribbean)". Government of the Netherlands. Archived from the original on 2 يوليو 2015. Retrieved 4 يونيو 2015.
- ^ "Visa for the Dutch Caribbean". Netherlands Embassy in the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 19 يناير 2014. Retrieved 4 يونيو 2015.
- ^ أ ب "Partners for International Business (PIB)". Dutch Government (in الهولندية). Archived from the original on 25 يونيو 2018. Retrieved 20 نوفمبر 2018.